Liu Hu (è) (18 October 1857 – 23 August 1909) was a novelist of the late Qing Dynasty. The name of the spectrum is Zhen yuan, the original name is Meng Peng, the word Yunxuan, convention. Later renamed Osprey, the word Tieyun, also spelled Convention, the number of the old cripple. Signed "Hongdu Hundred Refining Life". Han Chinese, natives of Jiangsu (present-day Zhenjiang City), were sent to Shanyang (present-day Huai'an District, Jiangsu). Since his youth, Liu Hu worshipped Li Guangju (Long Chuan), the Southern Sect of the Taigu School, and advocated throughout his life the Taigu Doctrine of taking "education" as the outline, developing economic production, becoming rich and then educating, and nurturing the people. He devoted his life to industry and investment in education in order to achieve the goal of "educating the world" of the Taigu School. And the reason why he can repeatedly defeat and persevere, the ideas of the Taigu School can be said to be his spiritual pillar.
First, the life of the character
Liu Hu
Liu Hu came from a bureaucratic family, but did not like the field script. He inherited his family's studies, devoted himself to practical studies such as mathematics, medicine, water conservancy, music, and arithmetic, and visited hundreds of schools, and liked to collect calligraphy and painting inscriptions and golden stone oracle bones. His book "Iron Cloud Hidden Turtle" was the first to make the oracle bone Bu ci to the world, and the second hall of the "Four Halls of Oracle Bones" (Luo Zhenyu Snow Hall and Wang Guowei Guan Tang) was directly or indirectly influenced by Liu Hu. Books such as "Tieyun Hidden Turtle", which studies three generations of characters, published by Liu Hu, are also representative works of his rubbing and systematic study of ancient characters and their evolution process.
In his early years, he turned to medicine and business. From the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) to the twenty-first year, he successively entered the shogunate of Henan Governor Wu Dacheng and Shandong Inspector Zhang Yao, and assisted in the Yellow Control Project, with remarkable achievements, and was sponsored to the Prime Minister's Office of State Affairs and appointed as a prefect. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he was hired by the Foreign Merchant Fu Company and served as the manager of the mining of Shanxi. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of Henan Mining Authority Yufeng, and planned the mining of Sichuan Maha Gold Mine and Zhejiang Quyanwen Sifu Coal and Iron Mine for Fu Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign investors. Twenty-six years (1900) after the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing, Liu Hu purchased too much millet from the coalition forces, and set up a Pingyu Bureau to relieve Beijing's hunger. Thirty-four years later (1908), the Qing court charged him with the crime of "privately selling warehouse millet" and charged him with troops in Xinjiang, and died in Urumqi the following year.
Even so "slandered all over the world", Liu Hu still had a great influence at that time. Politically, he relied on his father Liu Chengzhong and Wang Wenshao, Li Hongzao's "Nian Friendship" relationship, and Li Hongzhang, Zhang Yao's colleague relationship, as well as his relationship with Li Hongzhang's sons Li Jingfang (Ji Gao), Li Jingmai (Shao Mu), Wang Wenshao's son Wang Zhikui, Wang Junshu and others, and walked through the door of Su Wang Shanqi and Qing Wang Yixun
Former residence of Liu Hu
Lu was inextricably linked to officials who were once known as Qingliu, such as Duan Fang, Xu Qi, Zhao Ziheng, Pu Tong of the Clan, and Liang Qichao. Social activities are also extremely active, in addition to the Taigu School classmates, he and Song Bolu, Wang Kangnian, Fang Yaoyu, Shen Xing, Di Chuqing, Da Dao Wang Wu and other people are also close friends, and have successively participated in the Eastern Literature Society, the Agricultural Society, the Baohui, the Relief Society and other social groups. Externally, infu company relations, and British, Italian businessmen close relations. At the same time, he also had contacts with the Japanese minister in China. In the north, he mastered a newspaper in Tianjin," and in the south, he had close ties with many newspapers in Shanghai, which was enough to sway some public opinion. With such a complex domestic and foreign background, although Liu Hu only had the title of alternate prefect, he invisibly had a certain social influence, so he was jealous and falsely exiled.
Liu Chengzhong' father, Liu Chengzhong, was good at river engineering arithmetic and was keen on the emerging science and technology in the West. Adhering to his family learning, combined with his practical experience in harnessing the Yellow River in Henan, Shandong and other places in 1888, Liu Yan wrote "Five Theories on Governing the River", "The Whole Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces", "Tu kao of the Changes of the Yellow River in Past Dynasties", and "Draft of River Work". Among them, the "Five Theories of Governing the River", "The Whole Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces" and "The Map of the Changes of the Yellow River in Past Dynasties", plus the arithmetic works "Arc Angle Three Techniques" and "Pythagorean Tianyuan Grass", were published before Liu Hu's death. These five works made Liu Yan's river-controlling achievements initially recognized by the rulers, and because of his "academic origins and proficiency in foreign affairs", he was recommended to the prime minister's national affairs yamen for testing, "for the prefect's use".
Liu Yan, who studied medicine in his early years, once hung a pot in Yangzhou, and wrote "Wen Sick Article Distinguishing Song Tips" and "Asking for Medicine and Supplementation". The old cripple in the "Old Remnant's Journey" who rattles the bell in all directions is a portrayal of himself.
Proficient in music, Liu Hu was a descendant of the Guangling Qin School, and once engraved the "Eleven Strings Hall Musical Score" for his pianist Mr. Zhang Ruishan, and also engraved the "Hand-copied Musical Score of holding the remnants of the Lack of Fasting" (existing manuscripts), and liked to collect guqin. His collection of Tang Qin "Nine Xiao Huan Pei", with huang Tingjian inscription on the surface, was later included in the palace museum's collection of the four famous pianos of the modern world.
In addition to busy industry, Liu Hu was also keen to collect antiquities and stele and study three generations of writing. His "Holding the Remnants and Missing Zhai Treasured Stele Posts", "Holding the Disabled And Missing Zhai Zhongzhong First Class Stele Posts" (fragments), "Holding the Disabled Shou Missing Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Stele Thesis", and the "Holding the Disabled and Missing Zhai Collection" compiled by his neighbor Bao Ding, although not all of his collection, also shows the breadth and depth of his collection.
In his early years, he became acquainted with Luo Zhenyu in Huai'an, yanluo as Xixi, and later married his children. Luo Zhenyu and the Japanese scholar Naito Hunan, who first came into contact with the oracle bone script, came into contact with the Yin Ruins oracle bone, which was to see Liu Hu's collection. Greatly influenced by Luo Zhenyu, Wang Guowei, who later married Luo, had a deep friendship with Liu Dashen, the fourth son of Liu Yan, and accompanied Luo Zhenyu to study in Dongying. Therefore, it can be said that "the second hall of the four halls of the oracle bones" was directly or indirectly influenced by Liu Hu. The "Tieyun Tibetan Turtle", "Tieyun Tibetan Goods", "Tieyun Tibetan Seal" and "Tieyun Tibetan Pottery" published by Liu Hu, which studied three generations of characters, are also representative works of his rubbing, systematic study of ancient characters and their evolution process.
On the eve of the imminent complete demise of the feudal dynasty's rule, Liu Yansheng opposed the revolution on the one hand, but at the same time felt uneasy and indignant about the political situation at the end of the Qing Dynasty. He believed that at that time, "the country was seriously ill and lost its nourishment to the people." The countries regard exploitation as the sect, the imperial court takes □ as a matter, and the people are overwhelmed. When the people are in distress, they are confused" (letter to Huang Baonian). He demanded clarification of the rule of officials and opposition to "harsh government and disturbance of the people" in order to ease class contradictions. In the case of the tide of Western civilization, his prescription for "supporting the decline and rejuvenation of the country" is to borrow foreign capital to set up industries, build roads and mines, and lift the people out of poverty and the country gradually become rich and strong. In a letter to Luo Zhenyu, he said: "If the Jin mine is opened, the people will be nourished, and the country will be rich." The country has no savings, it is better to let the Europeans open it, I strictly set its system, so that thirty years and all the mine road belongs to me. If so, then the benefit of the other is in the moment, and the benefit of mine is in the hundred lifetimes. However, under the circumstance that imperialism has stepped up its aggression against China and carried out economic plunder, Liu Hu has accommodated many foreign businessmen, and the system he has set is often detrimental to national sovereignty and the interests of the people.
Master Liu Yan, li longchuan and yueqing, a descendant of the Taigu school
Liu Hu believed in the Taigu School and was one of the proud protégés of Li Guangju, a disciple of Zhou Taigu, the founder of the Taigu School. In a letter to Huang Baonian, he once said, "Nothing is in line with the law of Long Chuan (Li Guangjue)" and that "he will not sleep all night, but he will be at ease with it." In the "Travels of the Old Remnant", he also used the mouths of Yigu and Huang Longzi to propagate the essence of the Taigu School that he inherited and played, believing that the distinction between the theory and desire of Song Confucianism was not close to human feelings; in the treatment of the world, he advocated taking human feelings as the basis and achieving "affection and stopping etiquette and righteousness". At the same time, it is believed that the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have the same destination, and their roots are all "tempting people to be good, and inducing people to be in the grand duke." In a letter to Huang Baonian, he also said that the sect's "outline of sacred merits is not to cultivate two ways", pushing Huang "to teach the world as his own responsibility", and to admit that "it is his duty to cultivate the world". The spirit of the Taigu School had a profound influence on Liu Hu's thoughts, actions and novel writing throughout his life.
2. Personal writings
Liu Yan's masterpiece "The Journey of the Old Crippled"
"The Journey of the Old Remnant" is one of the four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty, and is a representative work of Liu Hu, which has been widely circulated. The novel takes the travels of an old and disabled man in the middle of a walking fang lang as the main line, and deeply develops social contradictions, especially in the book, he dares to directly rebuke the Qing officials for misleading the country, and the Qing officials harm the people, pointing out that sometimes the fainting of the Qing officials is not much better than that of corrupt officials. This criticism of the Qing court's officialdom is to the point, unique and insightful, and its depiction technique is praised by Hu Shi.
It was written between the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905) and the thirty-third year. According to Liu Dashen, there were 14 times, and 9 times remain today. In 1934, it was published four times in the semi-monthly magazine "Human Life", and the following year, Liangyou Book Company published six times. Zhonghua Bookstore in 1962
The published "Old Remnant Travels" was included in the last 3 times. In the first 6 times of the sequel, although there are also exposés of the evil deeds of bureaucrats who wantonly trample on women, the main reason is through the love story of The Nun Yiyun of Taishan Douyao Palace and her inner deep and subtle thought activities, as well as the words and deeds of Red Dragon Zi, to publicize the magic of the True Enlightenment. The last 3 times are depicted in the old remnants of hell, in order to illustrate his purpose of punishing evil and persuading good.
There are still more than 4,700 words of the Outer Edition, written thirty-one years after Guangxu. In addition to "The Travels of the Old Remnant", Liu Hu is the author of the tiansuan works "Pythagorean Tianyuan Grass" and "Lone Triangle Technique", the Zhihe works "Tu Kao of the Changes of the Yellow River in Past Dynasties", "Seven Theories of The Zhihe River", "The Continuation of the Zhihe Theory", the medical work "The Collection of Human Life and Peace" (unfinished), the Jinshi works "Tieyun Tibetan Pottery", "Tieyun Mud Seal", "Tieyun Hidden Turtle", and "Tieyun Tibetan Turtle" is the first oracle bone collection, which laid the foundation for the later study of oracle bones. Poetry creation "Tieyun Poetry Cun". In 1980, qilu book company published "Tieyun Shicun", whose poems are fresh and handsome, and his skills are quite profound, reflecting some of his whereabouts and thoughts and feelings. Lu Xun believes that the four condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty are collectively called the four condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty in China. That is, Li Baojia 's (Li Boyuan's) "Records of the Appearance of Officialdom", Wu Woyao's (Wu Zhaoren's" "The Strange Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years", Liu Hu's "Journey of the Old Remnant", and Zeng Pu's "Evil Sea Flower".
3. Former residences of the characters
Tomb of Liu Hu in Huai'an
The former residence of Liu Hu, purchased by Liu Chengzhong, Liu Yan's father, was located on Gaogongqiao West Street in the southeast of Spoon Lake in Huai'an City, east of Jingangshe Lane, west of Dizang Temple Lane, and the north of the house was originally wasteland. It is composed of the garden in the east, the main house in the middle, and the three parts of the west that can form their own courtyards (according to Liu Dexin, the southern part of the west house, the middle of the west house and the back house), with a total of more than 140 houses.