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Memorabilia of the 40 years of reform and opening up

On October 17, the Cpc Central Committee and the State Council issued the Several Decisions on Opening Wide Doors, Invigorating the Economy, and Solving the Problem of Employment in Cities and Towns. He pointed out that under the fundamental premise of the superiority of the socialist public ownership economy, the implementation of various economic forms and diversified modes of operation has coexisted for a long time, which is a strategic decision of our party. On December 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued the Decision on the Restoration of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. On January 1, 1982, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved and forwarded the Minutes of the National Rural Work Conference, affirming that all kinds of production responsibility systems, such as contract production to households, are the production responsibility systems of the socialist collective economy. From 1982 to 1986, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued five consecutive No. 1 documents on agriculture and rural issues. On January 2, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Decision on the Comprehensive Rectification of State-Owned Industrial Enterprises. It is pointed out that it is necessary to directly link the economic interests of enterprises with the quality of their production and operation results, and unify the responsibilities, rights, and interests of enterprises. On January 11, Deng Xiaoping met with Li Yaozi, chairman of the Chinese American Association, and for the first time proposed the concept of "one country, two systems." On June 26, 1983, Deng Xiaoping met with Yang Liyu, a professor at The University of The Eastern In New Jersey, and put forward a six-point principle for realizing the peaceful reunification of the mainland and Taiwan. On January 13, deng Xiaoping put forward the principle of "four modernizations" of revolutionizing, rejuvenating, knowledgeable, and professionalizing the cadre contingent in his speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. On February 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Decision on Establishing a Retirement System for Veteran Cadres. On March 8, the 22nd session of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted the Resolution on the Institutional Reform of the State Council. This is the first time since the reform and opening up that the State Council organs have been reduced and merged on a large scale. On March 31, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Basic Viewpoints and Basic Policies on Religious Issues in China's Socialist Period". August 17 The Chinese and American governments issued the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America (commonly known as the August 17 Communiqué) on the step-by-step and final settlement of the issue of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. This is the third important communiqué on Sino-US relations issued by the Chinese and US governments after the 1972 Shanghai Communiqué and the 1979 Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. From September 1 to 11, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held. In his opening speech, Deng Xiaoping proposed that we should integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete reality of our country, take our own road, and build socialism with Chinese characteristics. The report adopted by the congress, "Comprehensively Opening Up a New Situation in Socialist Modernization," put forward the goal of quadrupling the annual output value of industry and agriculture by the end of the 20th century in two steps. The congress adopted the new Constitution of the Communist Party of China. The Congress decided to establish the Central Advisory Committee. From September 12 to 13, the First Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China elected Hu Yaobang as general secretary of the Central Committee, decided that Deng Xiaoping was the chairman of the Central Military Commission, approved Deng Xiaoping as the director of the Central Advisory Committee, and approved Chen Yun as the first secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission. September 24 Deng Xiaoping met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to expound the Chinese government's basic position on the Hong Kong issue. It was noted that the issue of sovereignty was not an issue that could be discussed. China will take back Hong Kong in 1997. If there are serious fluctuations in Hong Kong during the 15-year transition period, the Chinese government will be forced to think differently about when and how to take it back. If announcing the takeover of Hong Kong will be like Madame said it will have a "catastrophic impact", then we must bravely face this disaster and make decisions. Hong Kong's continued prosperity fundamentally depends on China's policy of adapting to Hong Kong after it takes back Hong Kong. On October 12, China successfully launched a carrier rocket from underwater to a predetermined sea target area for the first time with a submarine. On December 4, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted and promulgated the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which has been comprehensively revised. This is the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China. It stipulates that the system of people's congresses should be strengthened and the functions and powers of the NPC Standing Committee be expanded; the establishment of the state president should be restored; the central military commission should be established by the state, and the central military commission should be implemented under the responsibility system of the chairman; the State Council should implement the system of responsibility of the premier; the state may establish special administrative regions when necessary; and the system of "integrating politics and society" in rural people's communes should be changed and township political power should be established. Since then, in order to meet the needs of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, China has amended the Constitution five times in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004 and 2018. On December 10, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress approved the Sixth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China. On April 5, 1983, the headquarters of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force was established in Beijing. On April 24, the State Council approved and forwarded the "Trial Measures on The Tax Reform of State-Owned Enterprises' Profits" formulated by the Ministry of Finance, which changed the original method of state-owned enterprises to pay taxes to the state according to the types and tax rates stipulated by the state. From June 4 to 22, the first session of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held. The meeting elected Deng Yingchao as chairman of the NATIONAL COMMITTEE of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. June 6-21 The First Session of the Sixth National People's Congress was held. The meeting elected Li Xiannian as president, Peng Zhen as chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, and Deng Xiaoping as chairman of the State Central Military Commission. On 8 July, Deng Xiaoping pointed out in a conversation with several responsible comrades of the CENTRAL Committee that we should give full play to their role in making use of foreign intelligence and inviting some foreigners to participate in our key construction and in all aspects of construction. It is necessary to open wider to the outside world. China is a big market, and we want to make good use of it. This is a strategic issue. On October 1, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Jingshan School: Education should be oriented toward modernization, the world, and the future. On October 11, the Second Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Decision on the Whole Party. The task of reorganizing the party this time is to unify thinking, straighten out work style, strengthen discipline, and purify the organization. On October 12, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on the Establishment of Township Governments separately from the Administrative Societies. Since then, the establishment of township and town governments and various forms of cooperative economy has been carried out throughout the country, and the people's commune system has been abolished. On December 31, the State Council held the second national environmental protection conference, which clearly stated that environmental protection is a basic national policy of our country. On May 8, 1984, the State Council issued the Decision on Environmental Protection. In February 1984, the central government organized 9 provinces and cities in the interior to assist in the construction of 43 key projects for Tibet. On March 12, the Fourth Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress passed the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China. On April 8, China successfully launched the test communication satellite "Dongfanghong 2" for the first time. China became the fifth country in the world to acquire satellite communication capabilities. On May 4, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved and forwarded the Minutes of the Symposium on Some Coastal Cities, decided to further open up 14 coastal port cities including Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai, and proposed to gradually establish economic and technological development zones. On May 10, the State Council issued the Interim Provisions on Further Expanding the Autonomy of State-Owned Industrial Enterprises. On May 31, the Second Session of the Sixth National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy. On February 28, 2001, the 20th session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress adopted the revised Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, which clearly stipulates that regional ethnic autonomy is a basic political system of the country. From July 28 to August 12, the Chinese sports delegation participated in the 23rd Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, USA, achieving a breakthrough of "zero" in China's Olympic gold medal list. This was the first time that the Chinese Olympic Committee sent a sports delegation to participate in the Olympic Games on November 26, 1979, after its legal rights in the IOC were restored. On October 1, the capital held a military parade to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and a mass parade. Deng Xiaoping inspected the troops under parade and delivered a speech. On October 13, the State Council issued the Notice on the Issue of Farmers Entering Market Towns and Settling Down, requiring active support for farmers with business ability and technical expertise to enter market towns to operate industry and commerce, and to relax their settlement policies. On October 20, the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Decision on Economic Structural Reform, which stipulates the tasks, nature, principles and policies of economic structural reform focusing on cities, and proposes that the socialist economy is a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership. On December 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Decision on Strictly Prohibiting Party and Government Organs and Party and Government Cadres from Doing Business and Running Enterprises. On December 19, the Chinese and British governments formally signed the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong in Beijing, confirming that the Chinese Government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. On January 1, 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Ten Policies on Further Enlivening the Rural Economy", and decided to reform the system of unified purchase and dispatch of agricultural products, and from 1985 onwards, contract ordering and market purchase were implemented. On February 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved and forwarded the Minutes of the Symposium on the Yangtze River, pearl river delta and the Xiamen-Zhangquan Triangle in southern Fujian, and decided to open up coastal economic open zones in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Xiamen Zhangquan Triangle regions. On February 20, China's first Antarctic research station, the Great Wall Station, was completed on King George Island in Antarctica. Since then, China has successively built the Antarctic Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station and Taishan Station. On 4 March, Deng Xiaoping pointed out during a meeting with foreign guests that the really big problems in the world now have global strategic issues, one is the issue of peace and the other is the issue of development. The issue of peace is an East-West issue, and the development issue is a North-South issue. To sum up, it is the four words of east, west, south, and north. The North-South issue is at the heart of the matter. (To be continued)