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(阅读笔记)多种灌注后处理软件与RAPID分析结果对比paper 1paper 2paper 3paper 4paper 5paper 6paper 7小总结各软件官网其他

(阅读笔记)多种灌注后处理软件与RAPID分析结果对比

  • paper 1
    • abstract
    • Introduction
    • Materials and method
    • Post-precessing
    • Data analysis
    • Results
    • Discussion
  • paper 2
    • abstract
    • Introduction
    • Methods
      • Study design and patient selection
      • Ethics statement
      • Imaging acuisiton and post-processing
      • Follow-up non-contrast CT(NCCT) imaging
      • Statistical analysis
    • DISCUSSION
  • paper 3
    • Abstract
    • Materials and methods design
      • Image acquisition
      • Post-precessing
  • paper 4
    • Abstract
    • Materials and methods
      • Image and data collection
      • CTP infarct quantification
  • paper 5
    • Abstract
    • Methods
      • Patient selection
      • CTP analysis
    • 结论
  • paper 6
    • Methods
      • Study Design and Participants
      • CTP imaging acquisiton
      • automated software on computed tomography perfusion
      • mri infarct volume measurement
      • Spatial match between CTP and MRI
  • paper 7
  • 小总结
  • 各软件官网
  • 其他

六篇关于CTP缺血核心的后处理软件对比结果的文章,大致内容与实验结果

paper 1

《Comparing the outcomes of two independent computed tomography perfusion softwares and their impact on therapeutic decisions in acute ischemic stroke》

abstract

mechanical thrombectomy (MT)

acute ischemic stroke (AIS)

emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO)

intracranial internal carotid artery(ICA)

middle cerebral artery(MCA)

背景:根据DEFUSE3标准,比较两种商用CTP处理软件的CT灌注结果,并评价其在急性缺血性卒中(AIS)机械血栓切除(MT)中的一致性。

方法:共使用118例数据,其中MT组62例,非MT组56例(。用syngo.via(A包)和RAPID(B包)软件,比较灌注结果。

结果:只有9例结果不一致,而这些数据全都不符合DEFUSE3合格标准

结论:两种灌注软件在正确分型MT组和nMT组患者时显示出高度一致性(110/118,93.2%),当考虑所有DeFUse iii成像标准时,进一步改善(117/118,99.1%)。

Introduction

Endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has undergone a paradigm shift over the past few years and is supported by class A evidence.[1–3] Patients presenting after the first 6hours may be selected based on the results of perfusion imaging to determine the core infarct and potentially salvageable tissue.[4] The perfusion parameters were outlined in the DEFUSE III trial, which defined inclusion criteria as core volume <70mL, mismatch ratio (MMR) >1.8and mismatch volume (MM Vol) >15mL. Additionally, eligible patients require presence of an emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO, defined as ICA (intracranial internal carotid artery) or M1-MCA (middle cerebral artery) occlusion).

急性缺血性中风(AIS)患者的血管内治疗在过去几年经历了范式的转变,并得到了a级证据的支持。根据灌注成像的结果,可选择6小时后出现的患者,以确定核心梗死和潜在的可挽救性组织。组织在DEFUSE III试验中概述了灌注参数,该试验将纳入标准定义为核心体积<70mL,错配率(MMR)>1.8,错配体积(MM-Vol)>15mL。此外,符合条件的患者需要出现紧急大血管闭塞(ELVO,定义为ICA(颅内颈内动脉)或M1-MCA(大脑中动脉)闭塞)。

Pertinent imaging-based exclusion criteria (as outlined in DEFUSE III) was Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) <6, for patients enrolled based on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging.[1]

相关的基于影像学的排除标准(如DEFUSE III中所述)是艾伯塔中风项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)<6,用于基于计算机断层扫描灌注成像(CTP)的患者。

We recently demonstrated that similar volumetric outcomes in terms of infarct and hypoperfusion volumes between package A (Syngo.via CT Neuro Perfusion VB30) and B (RAPID software) could be obtained by alteration of the defined threshold for infarcted tissue, based on relative cerebral blood flow.

不同的软件后处理结果通常存在差异。此文作者发现,根据相对脑血流量,通过改变梗死组织的阈值,可以获得A包和B包在梗死和低灌注体积方面相似的体积结果。

但是,这些细小差异对个体患者进行机械血栓切除术(MT)或仅进行药物治疗(非MT)的分类的影响尚未研究。在这项研究中,我们的目的是确定MT组和NMT组之间的患者分类是否一致,比较来自两个独立包的灌注参数,使用DEFUSE III中概述的纳入和排除神经影像学标准

Materials and method

回顾性研究,入组标准:

对于MT组,我们纳入了来自机构登记处的连续患者,他们接受了MT治疗,并且符合以下标准:AIS自最后一次已知正常后6到24小时内出现,存在ICA或M1-MCA闭塞,以及CTP研究的可用性。对于NMT组,纳入标准为:AIS出现在最后一次已知正常的6到24小时之间,没有血管内治疗,并且在入院后24到48小时内的随访CT或磁共振成像(MRI)研究中确认存在急性中风。在后一组中不进行MT的决定是基于血管内团队的临床判断,基于小梗死、远端闭塞或低侧面的大核心(<6)。选择6-24小时(而不是6-18小时从最后一个已知的正常时间)的更广泛的时间表来增加患者和对照组的数量。数据不完整和有伪影的不要。

Post-precessing

数据采集的描述:在128层(SOMATOM definition AS,西门子公司,德国福希海姆)或192层扫描仪(SOMATOM Force,西门子公司,德国福希海姆)上采集图像。所有扫描均采用40毫升非离子碘对比剂(Isovue-370,碘酰胺,370mg碘/mL;Bracco Diagnostics,普林斯顿,新泽西州,美国)进行。数据采集采用RAPID推荐的方案。技术细节【7】

Data analysis

所有统计分析均在MedCalc版本19.1.3(MedCalc软件,比利时奥斯坦德)中进行。采用Bland-Altman图和Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较两组的核心梗死和低灌注组织的数值。用组内相关系数(ICC)评价核心梗死与低灌注体积的相关性。MT组和NMT组之间的个体患者分类仅基于灌注输出的组合进行评估,并在考虑了DEFUSE III中定义的其他神经成像合格标准后,确定基于各种因素组合的最终临床决定是否与确定的合格标准保持一致基于灌注成像。

Results

简单来说,就是两者结果相似

(阅读笔记)多种灌注后处理软件与RAPID分析结果对比paper 1paper 2paper 3paper 4paper 5paper 6paper 7小总结各软件官网其他

Discussion

Our results show that despite differences in perfusion postprocessing techniques, high agreement between perfusion softwares in term of ‘go versus no-go’ for MT can be achieved in real-world settings when patients are triaged based on imaging inclusion and exclusion criteria as defined in DEFUSE III.

研究结果表明,尽管灌注后处理技术存在差异,但当患者根据DEFUSE III中定义的影像学纳入和排除标准进行分型时,灌注软件在MT的“通过与不通过”方面的高度一致性可以在现实环境中实现。

Similarly, we did not find any significant differences in the core and hypoperfusion volumes in the NMT group and between the core volumes in the MT group.

也没有发现NMT组和MT组的核心体积和低灌注体积之间有任何显著差异。

Even though the hypoperfusion volumes in the MT group showed good correlation between the two packages (ICC: 0.79), the difference in calculated volumes was significant as discussed below.

尽管MT组的低灌注体积在两个包之间显示出良好的相关性(ICC:0.79),但计算体积的差异是显著的,如下所述(两款软件之间的)。

我们注意到NMT组和MT组低灌注量的平均差异分别为12.75mL和17.3mL。

对于MT组,RAPID平均体积高估约11.6%(中位体积为8.7%)。最近的研究也强调了使用B/RAPID软件包时对半影体积的高估【9-11】。

Bulwa等人指出,在使用快速后处理软件时,约13%的病例中CTP图不可靠(尽管作者将其归因于运动伪影和潜在心脏病的结合,他们确实注意到,大多数地图不可靠的患者有错误的Tmax计算,有些病例显示双半球半影)【9】。

(阅读笔记)多种灌注后处理软件与RAPID分析结果对比paper 1paper 2paper 3paper 4paper 5paper 6paper 7小总结各软件官网其他

Both packages also use delay-insensitive deconvolution and define hypoperfusion as Tmax >6s. Regardless of the differences, the eligibility of any of the patients for MT was not influenced.

两个软件包都使用延迟不敏感的去卷积,并将低灌注定义为Tmax>6s。无论有何差异,任何患者的MT合格性都不受影响。

对于AIS患者中是否进行MT治疗,两款软件结果高度一致。其中RAPID可能会高估缺血区体积,但并不影响MT的判断。

paper 2

《Comparison of three commonly used CT perfusion software packages in patients with acute ischemic stroke》

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) 血管内血栓切除术

abstract

背景:这项研究的目的是比较intellispace Portal (isP) and syngo.via估计的局部缺血核心体积与RAPID估算结果的差异。

Introduction

It has been shown in previous studies that software packages differ in underlying algorithms leading to varying results in quantification.11–15 No consensus on the most favorable algorithm has been reached so far. Accuracy and comparability between vendors is of great importance when calculating ischemic core volume, particularly when selecting patients for EVT based on these values. Current decision making in acute ischemic stroke is based on time domains, which do not take into account the biological variation between patients. Identification of potentially salvageable tissue with perfusion imaging may facilitate a more personalized approach in selection for EVT.

研究表明,软件包在基础算法上的差异导致量化结果的不同。到目前为止,尚未就最有利的算法达成共识。供应商之间的准确性和可比性在计算缺血核心体积时非常重要,尤其是在根据这些值选择EVT患者时。目前急性缺血性中风的决策是基于时间域的,没有考虑到患者之间的生物学差异。通过灌注成像识别潜在的可挽救组织可能有助于选择更个性化的EVT方法。

Methods

Study design and patient selection

实验患者入选条件:

临床诊断为急性缺血性卒中

美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)缺陷2分以上

CT或MRI无出血

CTA证实颅内大动脉前循环闭塞

使用前瞻性收集的基线CTP成像数据子集,患者脑覆盖率>100mm(轴方向截取大于10cm的体)

在5-7天的随访非对比CT(NCCT)中确定最终梗死体积(如果5-7天的NCCT不可用,则使用24小时随访的NCCT)

排除标准:

严重的运动伪影和较差的扫描质量

Ethics statement

Imaging acuisiton and post-processing

RAPID是一个完全自动化的软件包,它使用了一种延迟不敏感的算法。缺血核心是指与对侧大脑半球相比,CBF降低到<30%。

IntelliSpace Portal CT脑灌注(ISP)使用延迟敏感算法。所有扫描均进行三维运动校正和滤波。缺血核心区定义为相对MTT>1.45,CBV<2.0mL/100mL。

Syngo.via公司CT神经灌注依赖于一个具有延迟不敏感算法的去卷积模型以及大脑半球之间的比较。默认设置缺血核心体积被定义为<1.2mL/100mL的绝对CBV

Follow-up non-contrast CT(NCCT) imaging

在5-7天的NCCT随访中确定最终梗死体积。

如果5-7天NCCT不可用(n=2),则使用24小时随访NCCT(使用内部开发的半自动方法确定最终梗死体积)

基线CTP核心测量值与NCCT确定的最终梗死体积进行比较

Statistical analysis

Bland–Altman analyses with 95% limits of agreement and calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (two-way mixed model for absolute agreement, single measure) were performed to determine agreement between RAPID, ISP, and syngo.via for each setting.

采用Bland-Altman分析(95%一致性限)和组内相关系数(ICC)的计算(绝对一致性的双向混合模型,单一测量)来确定RAPID、ISP和ICC之间的一致性syngo.via公司对于每个设置。

ICC值由Koo等人提出的标准解释:<0.50(差)、0.50–0.75(中等)、0.75–0.90(好)和>0.90(优)。

根据RAPID的结果,把缺血核心体积分为≤25mL、≤50mL和≤70mL三组进行对比,计算敏感性、特异性和总体诊断准确率。

DISCUSSION

两个软件包计算的缺血核心体积与RAPID有显著性差异,可能是由于这项研究的几个局限性。

首先,CTP成像来自两个扫描仪品牌和三种不同的扫描仪类型,这导致了我们数据的异质性。三个测试软件包可能无法充分处理来自不同扫描仪的成像数据。然而,扫描仪品牌和获取方法的这种差异反映了日常临床实践。

此外,我们的样本量相对较小,限制了检测两个软件包之间缺血核心体积差异的能力。只有少数患者的快速梗死体积大于50mL(n=5),因此限制了准确检测50和70mL阈值准确性和一致性的能力。

第三个限制是CTP后没有直接进行弥散加权MRI(MRI-DWI)作为参考标准。MRI-DWI仍然被认为是识别脑缺血的最敏感和准确的方法。

MRI-DWI仍然被认为是识别脑缺血的最敏感和准确的方法。使用RAPID作为比较方法有一定的缺点,因为知道RAPID估计的缺血核心可能与MRI-DWI定义的真正缺血核心不同。

paper 3

《Achieving comparable perfusion results across vendors. The next step in standardizing stroke care: a technical report》

Abstract

背景:近年来,以CT灌注成像(CTP)为基础的研究进一步拓展了机械血栓切除术在急性缺血性卒中(AIS)中的作用。然而,缺血和梗死的CTP参数在不同的供应商之间可能存在显著差异。

方法:对45例疑似AIS的患者进行siemens CTP软件与临床验证的RAPID软件的疗效比较。两种灌注软件最初都使用供应商定义的低灌注和非活动组织参数处理图像。西门子软件上的软件阈值被递减地更改,以查看软件之间是否可以获得一致的结果。

结果:在基线设置时,核心梗死和低灌注的平均值不同(RAPID的平均值分别为30/69ml和49/77ml)。然而,降低后一种软件的阈值显示,在相对脑血流量<20%时,西门子软件的核心梗死和低灌注体积分别为31/69 ml。Wilcoxon配对检验显示,无论是对于整个人群还是对于大血管闭塞患者亚组,计算的核心梗死和低灌注值之间都没有显著差异。

结论:尽管采集技术、后处理和扫描仪存在差异,但通过改变低灌注组织和非存活组织的阈值,供应商软件之间的CTP结果可能相当。

Materials and methods design

Image acquisition

Data were acquired using the protocol recommended by RAPID, with 4 scans 3s apart followed by 15 scans 1.5s apart, and another 9 scans 3s apart, totaling 28 scans over approximately 60s.

数据采集采用RAPID推荐的方案,4次扫描间隔3秒,15次扫描间隔1.5秒,另外9次扫描间隔3秒,共28次扫描,时间约为60秒。

将扫描结果以10mm为层厚重采样。

Post-precessing

以允许在批处理模式下以不同设置重复运行,并将数值结果直接转储到数据文件中。数据采用20%-30%的不同rCBF阈值进行后处理,增量为2%。

paper 4

《Assessment of a Bayesian Vitrea CT perfusion analysis to predict final infarct and penumbra volumes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a comparison with rapid》

AIS = acute ischemic stroke

FIV = final infarct volume

MAE = mean absolute error

Tmax = time until the residue function reaches its peak

Abstract

背景:旨在评估贝叶斯CTP算法在确定半暗带和最终梗死体积方面的准确性。

方法:c卒中(55例成功再通[TICI 2b/2c/3]和大血管闭塞,50例未经干预)。CTP成像后24小时,利用DWI和FLAIR计算最终梗死体积。RAPID和vitra-Bayesian CTP算法(有3种不同的设置)预测梗死和半影体积,并与最终梗死体积进行比较,以评估软件性能。

结果:……

结论:对于有干预措施的患者,Vitra默认设置计算结果不比RAPID差;而对于无干预措施的患者的半影估计Vitra优于RAPID。

CTP is an imaging technique used to quantify infarct and pe- numbra tissue in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) evaluated for endovascular thrombectomy.【4-1】 CTP hemodynamic features include CBV, CBF, TTP, MTT, time until residue function reaches its peak (Tmax), and delay time, which are compared between contralateral hemispheres to identify ischemic tissues.【4-2】Various perfusion thresholds can be used for each hemodynamic parameter to identify tissues as infarct and penumbra.【4-3】Infarct is irreversibly damaged tissue that cannot recover in the event of reperfusion. Penumbra represents tissue deficient in blood flow but that can be salvaged through reperfusion.【4-2】As recommended by the American Heart Association, ischemic volume estimations should be used for selection of patients with AIS for mechanical thrombectomy when symptom onset is beyond 6 hours.【4-4】

CTP是一种成像技术,用于量化急性缺血性中风(AIS)患者血管内血栓切除术后的梗死和梗死组织。CTP血流动力学特征包括CBV、CBF、TTP、MTT、残存功能达到峰值的时间(Tmax)和延迟时间,并与对侧大脑半球进行比较,以确定缺血组织。不同的灌注阈值可用于每个血流动力学参数,以确定组织梗死和半影。梗死是不可逆的损伤组织,在再灌注的情况下不能恢复。半影代表血流不足但可以通过再灌注抢救的组织。根据美国心脏协会的建议,当症状出现超过6小时时,缺血性容量评估应用于选择AIS患者进行机械血栓切除术。

Materials and methods

Image and data collection

在到达卒中中心时接受CTP评估,并在CTP成像后24小时进行DWI和FLAIR。在CTP成像前,患者接受非对比CT检查以排除出血性中风,并考虑扫描结果以供临床决策。将105名连续患者分为干预组和非干预组。干预病例(55例)需要有一个紧急大血管闭塞,并进行了机械血栓切除术;非干预性病例(50例)为大小血管闭塞患者,未实施血栓切除术或tPA。

CTP infarct quantification

Default Bayesian setting contralateral hemisphere thresholds were the following: A 38% reduction in CBV (with 5.3-second increase in TTP or 55% reduction in MTT) indicated infarct while a 5.3-second increase in TTP or 58% reduction in CBF or a 5.8-second increase in delay time (without CBV reduction) indicated penumbra. Reduction in MTT can occur within regions of deep infarction or when the CT scan starts too early, resulting in a truncated time-density curve.10 The CBV Bayesian setting, which use CBV to quantify infarct, thresholds were the following: A 38% reduction in CBV (with a 5.3-second increase in TTP or 55% reduction in MTT) indicated infarct; a 5.3-second increase in TTP or 76% reduction in CBF or 82% increase in MTT (without CBV reduction) indicated penumbra; and delay time was not used. The CBF Bayesian setting, which used CBF to determine infarct, thresholds were the following: A 72% reduction in CBF (with a 3.9-second increase in TTP) indicated infarct; a 3.9-second increase in TTP indicated penumbra; and MTT, CBV, and delay time were not used in volume quantifications.

默认贝叶斯设置对侧半球阈值:CBV减少38%(TTP增加5.3秒或MTT减少55%)表示梗死,而TTP增加5.3秒或CBF减少58%或延迟时间增加5.8秒(未减少CBV)表示半影。

CBV贝叶斯设置(使用CBV量化梗死)阈值:CBV降低38%(TTP增加5.3秒或MTT降低55%)表示梗死;TTP增加5.3秒或CBF减少76%或MTT增加82%(无CBV减少)表示半影;未使用延迟时间。

CBF贝叶斯设置(使用CBF来确定梗死)阈值:CBF减少72%(TTP增加3.9秒)表示梗死;TTP增加3.9秒表示半影;MTT、CBV和延迟时间不用于容积定量。

注意:Vitrea都是与对侧脑进行对比

Rapid Vitrea-Default Vitrea-CBV Vitrea-CBF
infarct rCBF<0.3 CBV减少38%(TTP增加5.3秒或MTT减少55%) CBV减少38%(TTP增加5.3秒或MTT减少55%) CBF减少72%(TTP增加3.9秒)
penumbra Tmax>6s TTP增加5.3秒或CBF减少58%或延迟时间增加5.8秒(CBV未减少) TTP增加5.3秒或CBF减少76%或MTT增加82%(CBV未减少) TTP增加3.9秒

paper 5

《Assessment of computed tomography perfusion software in predicting spatial location and volume of infarct in acute ischemic stroke patients: a comparison of Sphere, Vitrea, and RAPID》

Abstract

背景:旨在评估CTP后处理软件(Sphere,Vitrea和RAPID)预测急性缺血性卒中患者的空间位置和梗死体积的一致性。

方法:108例ais伴大血管闭塞患者。患者分为两组:血管内介入治疗组(n=58)和保守治疗组(n=50)。干预组采用机械溶栓治疗,再灌注成功(脑梗死溶栓2b/2c/3),保守组不采用机械溶栓或静脉溶栓治疗。

结果:……

结论:结论sphere对Vitrea和RAPID分别高估和低估梗死的介入性梗死评估最为准确。Vitrea被证明是保守治疗患者半影评估最准确的方法,尽管所有软件都高估了半影。

这里注意一点,很多研究都是对比体积、或mismatch判断结果。而这一篇是对比空间重叠

Methods

Patient selection

CTP analysis

For CTP processing, Sphere downsamples to a slice thickness of 5mm while CBA downsamples to a slice thickness of 10mm for noise reduction. Vitrea uses preprocessing, such as smoothing filters, resulting in an effective CTP processing slice thickness of 2mm.

对于CTP处理,Sphere下采样到5mm的切片厚度,而Rapid下采样到10mm的切片厚度以降低噪声。Vitra通过预处理(如平滑滤波器)产生2mm厚的有效CTP处理切片。

RAPID CTP analysis was conducted by iSchemaView, identifying infarct as tissue with a relative CBF <30% compared with the contralateral hemisphere, and penumbra as tissue with a Tmax >6s. Sphere (3.0-SP20) analysis identified infarct as tissue with a relative CBF <25% and >5s difference in TTP of healthy brain, and penumbra as tissue with >5s difference in TTP compared with healthy brain. Vitrea software (V.7.10) detects infarct as tissue with relative CBF <38% (with 5.3s increase in TTP or relative MTT<55%) compared with healthy brain, and penumbra as tissue with 5.3s increase in TTP or 5.8s increase in delay time or relative CBF <58% of healthy brain.

通过iSchemaView Rapid进行CTP分析,确定梗死为相对CBF<30%的组织,与对侧半球相比,半影为Tmax>6s的组织。Sphere(3.0-SP20)分析确定梗死为相对CBF<25%的组织,与健康大脑的TTP差异>5s,半暗带组织与正常脑组织TTP差异>5s。vitra软件(V.7.10)检测梗死为相对CBF<38%(TTP升高5.3s或相对MTT<55%)的组织,半暗带为TTP升高5.3s或延迟时间增加5.8s或相对CBF<58%的组织。

结论

在评估干预组梗死体积方面,Sphere和Vitrea总体表现最好(平均梗死差异度量低,重叠率高,DIce系数高)。此外,vitra软件程序似乎比其他软件程序更准确地估计半影体积。这表明多个灌注参数组合和阈值有能力准确检测梗死。然而,基于体积和空间一致性度量,在使用CTP的自动半影估计方面似乎仍有改进的空间。

paper 6

《Comparison of automated CT perfusion softwares in evaluation of acute ischemic stroke》

背景:日常临床实践中比较RAPID和Olea的诊断效用和准确性。

方法:我们前瞻性地分析了141例疑似AIS患者的资料,这些患者在24-48小时内进行了ct灌注成像,随后进行了弥散加权磁共振成像(DWI-MRI)。核心梗死被定义为相对脑血流量(rCBF)在RAPID上小于30%,在Olea上小于40%(默认设置)的区域。我们还评估了Olea上小于30%的rCBF,以匹配RAPID的默认设置。利用半自动分割方法测量DWI-MRI上的梗死体积。

结果:RAPID上的核心梗死体积与DWI-MRI梗死体积的相关性(rho=0.64)比Olea(rho=0.42)更为密切。

结论:RAPID组的软件故障率为4.7%[6/127],Olea组为0.78%[1/127]。结论sphere对Vitrea和RAPID分别高估和低估梗死的介入性梗死评估最为准确。Vitrea被证明是保守治疗患者半影评估最准确的方法,尽管所有软件都高估了半影。

Methods

Study Design and Participants

由于Olea软件只自动处理一侧大脑的结果,而RAPID可以同时处理两侧大脑的结果,因此我们还排除了RAPID上双侧梗死的病例,以确保自动化结果的一致性。

CTP imaging acquisiton

automated software on computed tomography perfusion

RAPID (iSchemaView Inc, Menlo Park, CA) defines infarct core as regions with a relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) less than 30% of that in normal tissue, and hypoperfused tissue as that with Tmax greater than 6 seconds. Olea Sphere 3.0.12 (Olea Medical Solutions, La Ciotat, France) recommends 2 thresholds for rCBF: (1) rCBF less than 30% and Tmax greater than 2 seconds, which matches RAPID[11]; and (2) rCBF less than 40% and Tmax greater than 2 seconds which is considered the default and most accurate setting for detecting an acute infarct[12]. Tmax greater than 2 seconds is used to rule out an old infarct. The hypoperfused tissue is defined as that with Tmax greater than 6 seconds.

RAPID 将梗死核心区定义为相对脑血流量(rCBF)小于正常组织30%的区域,低灌注组织定义为Tmax大于6秒的区域。

Olea Sphere 推荐了两个rCBF阈值判断梗死核心:(1)rCBF小于30%,Tmax大于2秒,与RAPID相匹配;(2)rCBF小于40%,Tmax大于2秒(被认为是检测急性梗死的默认且最准确的设置)(Tmax大于2秒被用来排除旧梗死)

低灌注组织定义为Tmax大于6秒的组织。

mri infarct volume measurement

Spatial match between CTP and MRI

将CTP计算结果与DWI-MRI进行对比,是人工主观对比的,因为不方便配准。

paper 7

小总结

不同厂家仪器+不同后处理软件 = 不同的灌注结果

直接比较核心体积差异是比较明显的,对比治疗诊断结果一致性是比较好的

各软件官网

Rapid

Vitra

Olea

Syngo.via

ISP

其他

[1] Bathla G, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Klotz E, et al. Comparing the outcomes of two independent computed tomography perfusion softwares and their impact on therapeutic decisions in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2020, 12(10): 1028-1032.

[2] Koopman M S, Berkhemer O A, Geuskens R R E G, et al. Comparison of three commonly used CT perfusion software packages in patients with acute ischemic stroke[J]. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2019, 11(12): 1249-1256.

[3] Bathla G, Limaye K, Policeni B, et al. Achieving comparable perfusion results across vendors. The next step in standardizing stroke care: a technical report[J]. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2019, 11(12): 1257-1260.

[4] Rava R A, Snyder K V, Mokin M, et al. Assessment of a Bayesian Vitrea CT perfusion analysis to predict final infarct and penumbra volumes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a comparison with rapid[J]. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2020, 41(2): 206-212.

[5] Rava R A, Snyder K V, Mokin M, et al. Assessment of computed tomography perfusion software in predicting spatial location and volume of infarct in acute ischemic stroke patients: a comparison of Sphere, Vitrea, and RAPID[J]. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, 2021, 13(2): 130-135.

[6] Xiong Y, Huang C C, Fisher M, et al. Comparison of automated CT perfusion softwares in evaluation of acute ischemic stroke[J]. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2019, 28(12): 104392.

[6-11] Sakai Y, Delman B N, Fifi J T, et al. Estimation of Ischemic Core Volume Using Computed Tomographic Perfusion: Bayesian Versus Singular Value Deconvolution Postprocessing[J]. Stroke, 2018, 49(10): 2345-2352.

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