打印调用堆栈

java里面可以使用Throwable类来获取堆栈，示例代码如下：

package name.xu;

public class CallStack {

public static void printCallStatck() {

Throwable ex = new Throwable();

StackTraceElement[] stackElements = ex.getStackTrace();

if (stackElements != null) {

for (int i = 0; i < stackElements.length; i++) {

System.out.print(stackElements[i].getClassName()+"/t");

System.out.print(stackElements[i].getFileName()+"/t");

System.out.print(stackElements[i].getLineNumber()+"/t");

System.out.println(stackElements[i].getMethodName());

System.out.println("-----------------------------------");

}

}

}

}

C#里面使用与java类似的方法，示例代码如下：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Diagnostics;

namespace TestProjectCSharp

{

class CallStack

{

public static void printCallStack()

{

StackTrace ss = new StackTrace(true);

String flName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileName();// GetMethod().DeclaringType;

int lineNo = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileLineNumber();

String methodName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetMethod().Name;

Console.WriteLine(flName+"---"+lineNo+"---"+methodName);

}

}

} 

c里面获取堆栈跟系统有关（主要是获取函数名称不一致，获取地址是一致的），

linux下使用backtrace和backtrace_symbols函数，示例代码如下：（编译方法：gcc -o funstack -rdynamic -ldl funstack.c）

//funstack.c

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <memory.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <signal.h>

#include <ucontext.h>

#include <dlfcn.h>

#include <execinfo.h>

#if defined(REG_RIP)

# define SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64

# define REGFORMAT "%016lx"

#elif defined(REG_EIP)

# define SIGSEGV_STACK_X86

# define REGFORMAT "%08x"

#else

# define SIGSEGV_STACK_GENERIC

# define REGFORMAT "%x"

#endif

static void signal_segv(int signum, siginfo_t* info, void*ptr) {

static const char *si_codes[3] = {"", "SEGV_MAPERR", "SEGV_ACCERR"};

size_t i;

ucontext_t *ucontext = (ucontext_t*)ptr;

#if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)

int f = 0;

Dl_info dlinfo;

void **bp = 0;

void *ip = 0;

#else

void *bt[20];

char **strings;

size_t sz;

#endif

#if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)

# if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)

ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP];

bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBP];

# elif defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86)

ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];

bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP];

# endif

fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace:/n");

while(bp && ip) {

if(!dladdr(ip, &dlinfo))

break;

const char *symname = dlinfo.dli_sname;

fprintf(stderr, "% 2d: %p %s+%u (%s)/n",

++f,

ip,

symname,

(unsigned)(ip - dlinfo.dli_saddr),

dlinfo.dli_fname);

if(dlinfo.dli_sname && !strcmp(dlinfo.dli_sname, "main"))

break;

ip = bp[1];

bp = (void**)bp[0];

}

#else

fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace (non-dedicated):/n");

sz = backtrace(bt, 20);

strings = backtrace_symbols(bt, sz);

for(i = 0; i < sz; ++i)

fprintf(stderr, "%s/n", strings[i]);

#endif

fprintf(stderr, "End of stack trace/n");

return;

}

int setup_sigsegv() {

struct sigaction action;

memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));

action.sa_sigaction = signal_segv;

action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;

if(sigaction(SIGUSR1, &action, NULL) < 0) {

perror("sigaction");

return 0;

}

return 1;

}

void func1()

{

raise(SIGUSR1);

return ;

}

void func2()

{

raise(SIGUSR1);

return ;

}

void entry()

{

func1();

func2();

return;

}

int main()

{

setup_sigsegv();

entry();

} 

windows下使用GetThreadContext ，StackWalk，SymGetOptions ，SymFunctionTableAccess，示例代码如下：

#include "SimpleSymbolEngine.h"

#include <windows.h>

#include <psapi.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <sstream>

#include <cstddef>

#include <dbghelp.h>

#pragma comment( lib, "dbghelp" )

static char const szRCSID[] = "$Id: SimpleSymbolEngine.cpp,v 1.4 2005/05/04 21:52:05 Eleanor Exp $";

//

// Singleton for the engine (SymInitialize doesn't support multiple calls)

SimpleSymbolEngine& SimpleSymbolEngine::instance()

{

static SimpleSymbolEngine theEngine;

return theEngine;

}

/

SimpleSymbolEngine::SimpleSymbolEngine()

{

hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();

DWORD dwOpts = SymGetOptions();

dwOpts |= SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_DEFERRED_LOADS;

SymSetOptions ( dwOpts );

::SymInitialize( hProcess, 0, true );

}

/

SimpleSymbolEngine::~SimpleSymbolEngine()

{

::SymCleanup( hProcess );

}

/

std::string SimpleSymbolEngine::addressToString( PVOID address )

{

std::ostringstream oss;

// First the raw address

oss << "0x" << address;

// Then any name for the symbol

struct tagSymInfo

{

IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL symInfo;

char nameBuffer[ 4 * 256 ];

} SymInfo = { { sizeof( IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL ) } };

IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL * pSym = &SymInfo.symInfo;

pSym->MaxNameLength = sizeof( SymInfo ) - offsetof( tagSymInfo, symInfo.Name );

DWORD dwDisplacement;

if ( SymGetSymFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, pSym) )

{

oss << " " << pSym->Name;

if ( dwDisplacement != 0 )

oss << "+0x" << std::hex << dwDisplacement << std::dec;

}

// Finally any file/line number

IMAGEHLP_LINE lineInfo = { sizeof( IMAGEHLP_LINE ) };

if ( SymGetLineFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, &lineInfo ) )

{

char const *pDelim = strrchr( lineInfo.FileName, '//' );

oss << " at " << ( pDelim ? pDelim + 1 : lineInfo.FileName ) << "(" << lineInfo.LineNumber << ")";

}

return oss.str();

}

/

// StackTrace: try to trace the stack to the given output

void SimpleSymbolEngine::StackTrace( PCONTEXT pContext, std::ostream & os )

{

os << " Frame Code address/n";

STACKFRAME stackFrame = {0};

stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset = pContext->Eip;

stackFrame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;

stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset = pContext->Ebp;

stackFrame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;

stackFrame.AddrStack.Offset = pContext->Esp;

stackFrame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;

while ( ::StackWalk(

IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386,

hProcess,

GetCurrentThread(), // this value doesn't matter much if previous one is a real handle

&stackFrame,

pContext,

NULL,

::SymFunctionTableAccess,

::SymGetModuleBase,

NULL ) )

{

os << " 0x" << (PVOID) stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset << " " << addressToString( (PVOID)stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset ) << "/n";

}

os.flush();

}

完整的代码到http://www.howzatt.demon.co.uk/articles/SimpleSymbolEngine.zip下载。http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx里面也有例子。

参考：

http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html

http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html

http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx

http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html

http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752_2.html

http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276

http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html