Humanistic Tongxiang 丨 Wu Zhizhen and Huangye Village

　Huang Zhouxing, a jinshi of Ming Chongzhen and an official who was in charge of the household department, entered the Qing Dynasty and fled to Jiangnan. He wrote a long poem "Yellow Leaf Village Song", in which the poem praised the "First Village of Huangye Jiangnan", which was built by the Zhejiang poet Wu Zhizhen.

　　The owner of the village, Wu Zhizhen, the character Mengju, the number orange Zhai, the nickname of Zhuzhou resident, in his later years, he was also called the old man of Huangye, the farmer of Huangye Village, and the lord of The Supplementary Nunnery. Ming Chongzhen was born in the thirteenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1640) in Zhouquan Town, Chongde County (changed to Shimen County in the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty). The Wu clan of Zhouquan is a noble family, known as "Millennium Wu", and the rich side. Wu Zhizhen's father, Wu Shangsi, was a talented man, and after the four brothers separated, he not only had a stable rent income, but also ran a silk business and accumulated a lot of property. The original wife Zhang Gave birth to 4 daughters for him, died at the age of 30, and gave birth to another son and a daughter of the Fan family. Wu Shangsi was 42 years old before he looked forward to this precious son Wu Zhizhen, and naturally he was particularly pampered. At that time, social unrest, smoke and smoke, the Wu family, whose family was rich, were particularly noticed by thieves. In order to protect the peace of his family, Wu Shangsi bought a property in Hengjie Street, Chongde County, and named it YulunTang. Although Yulun Hall is only a three-story three-bottom two-compartment building, the area is not very large, but it is surrounded by high walls, its own courtyard, and the building is high, both safe and comfortable. There is also a large garden on the south side of the gate of the Yulun Hall, and now the garden has been abandoned, and the original appearance of the Yulun Hall still exists.

　　In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Wu Zhizhen was 4 years old and lived in Chongde City for the first time. The Wu Mansion is only separated from the Shouyu Hall of Laofu on the west side, and Miss Laofu, who is one year older than Wu Zhizhen, and Wu Zhizhen have become childhood playmates. The parents of the two families saw that the two were quite close, so they set up a doll kiss.

　　In the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi (1649), Wu Shangsi died, and Wu Zhizhen, who was not yet 10 years old, became the heir to a huge fortune. For the sake of safety, his mother Fan Moved with his orphans, and Wu Zhizhen's family has since settled in Chongde City. When Wu Zhizhen was 15 years old, The Law Clan simply sold the Shouyu Hall to the Wu Clan, and Wu Zhizhen became the master of the Shou Yu Tang. According to the "Genealogy of the Wu Clan of Zhou Qian", "Shou Yu Tang, Orange Zhai Mansion, in The West Heng Street of The West Gate of Shimen, the fifth entrance, the river is a bridge, the back door is through the street, directly opposite Wuguifang Lane, there are Lan Qing Hall, left yu lun hall, right orange Zhai library, Xun Chang Lou, adjacent to the Ancient Hall, there are also five entrances." From this, it can be seen that the Shouyu Hall at that time was eight or nine rooms wide, with five entrances, covering an area of about several acres, of which The Xunchang Building, The Ancient Hall, the Lanqing Hall, the Yulun Hall, the Hundred Tables Hall and other high halls and large houses were a large area. The Wu family is a large family, and diners inside and outside the home often have hundreds of fingers, but the house is definitely enough to live. Why build a yellow leaf village?

　　Wu Zhizhen's construction of Huangye Village is a gesture that is equivalent to announcing to the outside world that he will no longer pursue the career of Keju from now on, expressing his determination to retreat and his favor for pastoral life. In the ninth and tenth years of the Kangxi Dynasty, he made two trips to Beijing, one was to handle the formalities for entering the prison and routine examinations for the bank; the other was to distribute the newly compiled and printed "Song Poetry Notes" to the giants of the poetry circle and the famous princes, thus causing a sensation in the capital. The cabinet secretary he obtained through donations was only a fictitious title, but with his reputation and personal connections in the Kyoshi at that time, in time, he was fully capable of turning the fictitious title into a real title. At the same time, Wu Zhizhen seemed to suddenly wake up, and it was not easy to survive by circling between the officialdom and celebrities, and those who were in the officialdom were not proud of themselves, barely making ends meet. The sinister political climate and the dirty Vanity Fair are not something that he can integrate and accept as a scholar, and the natural environment of Beijing cannot be compared with the water towns of Jiangnan. Wu Zhizhen, with the body of both advance and retreat, took the initiative to choose to give up his career and decided to take the road of retreat. The construction of The Yellow Leaf Village is his determination to show the outside world that he wants to escape the world.

　　In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), the Yellow Leaf Village was declared completed. He asked his nephew Wu Zhen'ao to paint the "Yellow Leaf Village Map" and set up a photo for this.

　　Huangye Village is located on the south beach outside the West Gate of Yuanshimen County (now the eastern end of Chongde West Road, Chongfu Town, Tongxiang City), just 100 steps away from the former West City Gate. The manor is facing south from north, Hui'an to the east, wilderness to the west, creek to the north, and paved with stone paved roads to the south. Entering the garden gate from the south side, there is a small xuan, and you can see the lotus pond covering an area of about two or three acres. Xuanmen connects the promenade on both sides of the lotus pond, and you can enjoy the lotus in summer. Plum blossoms are planted between the promenade and the wall, and bamboo is cultivated in between. On the north bank of the lotus pond there is a bamboo island grass house, the north of the grass house, made of Taihu lake stone stacked stone, shaped like a tufu, that is, conggui hill. The north slope of the hill is surrounded by curved water, commonly known as the Yuanbao Pond, the pond is planted with water lilies, the east flow of the curved water is connected with the lotus pond, and there are several rocks in the water, the water can be circulated, and people can cross the river. The west side of the lotus pond is lined with old houses, shaped like a boat on the shore, and the forehead is called "wild flight". There is a flute tower in the south of the lotus pond. Maundata Pavilion is on the west side of the Ichiji Tower, the so-called "Maundi Pavilion in front of the wild flight, Hirata is a sunset idle." "Walking over the small bridge on the Yuanbao Pond, the terrain on the north shore is gradually steeper, there are pavilions, and the pavilion can overlook the whole garden. In the forty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor gave Wu Zhizhen a poetic banner, and Wu Zhizhen Gong Gong Le Shi placed it here, called the Chenhan Monument. There are stones nearby, more than 1 meter high, shaped like mushrooms, and like a bouquet of waves, known as "hardy stones". In the northeast of the garden, there are also old friends pavilions and supplementary naxuan. Huangye Village covers an area of only ten acres, such as the poem's last sentence, the word of the small order, are less than more, there is an inexhaustible meaning. The visitors are all praised, and the monk said: "Yujian passed through the yellow leaf village, waded through its path, it was quiet and deep, climbing its hall, then xuan and open, observing its deployment, bamboo trees and hills, such as reading for tens of hundreds of years, wonderful and natural." ”

　　Huangye Village became an important place for the literati at that time, and also became a cultural landmark that lasted for more than 300 years. According to Wu Zhizhen's grandson Chen Shixiu: At that time, the celebrities in the sea came to be the meeting of literature and wine, and there was no vain day; that is, those who were far less than the end, often in the form of various chapters, so they were called in the world, and they were several with the famous gardens of gu Zhongying's Jade Mountain in the Yuan Dynasty and the water painting garden of the early Qing Dynasty.

　　After Wu Zhizhen stayed in Huangye Village, he wrote the famous poem "Growing Vegetables", which was distributed to celebrities and poets in the sea, and sang poems and songs. Dozens of celebrities in the political, literary, and government and public circles have successively sung with each other. These poems were compiled into a volume, and in the nineteenth year of Daoguang (1839), through the Yiren Cai Zaiju hooked up the stone, the "Yellow Leaf Village Vegetable Planting Advocate and Poetry Book" was circulated in the Tuoben. Since then, there has been an endless sound, and poets have sometimes written and inscribed for it.

　　Since the establishment of Huangye Village, Wu Zhizhen has lived here for more than 40 years, reading and painting, receiving dignitaries and literati who come to visit, singing poetry and wine, and indulging in Lingge fishing songs, smoke and rain.

　　In February of the fifty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1717), Wu Zhizhen finally grew old in Huangye Village.

Source: Tongxiang News Network

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