"I think it's a treasure of our museum. It can be said that it is the land title of the Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University more than 2300 years ago! Recently, Hui Gang, director of the Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University, told the Huashang Daily reporter.
The treasure of the town hall mentioned by Director Hui Gang refers to a ceramic tile collected by the library of Shaanxi Normal University in 1978. Don't look at its appearance, it is a well-written Qin Fengzong Yiwa book during the Warring States Period during the Reign of King Huiwen of Qin. Coincidentally, according to the information recorded in this document, the fiefdom area just included the Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University.
This "treasure" is now displayed in the History and Culture Museum of the Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University, in the shape of a rectangular flat, with a thick middle and a thin end.
According to the curator Ofe Huigang, this QinFeng Zongyi Wa Book is the only ceramic document found so far, and its writing style is consistent with the excavated Jian Mu documents. It was excavated in Huxian County in 1948, and the specific location is unknown. Length 24cm, width 6.5cm, thickness 0.5-1cm. Two-sided inscription, 6 lines and 92 characters on the front and 3 lines and 27 characters on the back, a total of 119 characters (plus a total of 121 words in the heavy text and the combined text), is the one with a large number of words in the Qin pottery text seen so far. "Judging from the engraving situation, it should be made of clay tiles, and when it is semi-dry, it is engraved with a relatively hard tool, and then fired, and the words are also filled with red pigment."
What is written on the Watt Book? Because the font used is Qin Seal, modern people are not easy to identify. According to Mr. Shang Zhiru's explanatory article "Several Problems with the Book of Qin Fengzong Yiwa", the words engraved on the front and back sides of this tile book are as follows:
Four Seasons (Year), Zhou Tianzi made Qingfu Er (Dafu) Chenlai to Wenwu Zhi Shu (胙), Winter Ten Pots (壹) Moon Xin You, Da Liang Zuo Shu Chang Swim Out of the Fate: "Take Du Cai (in) Feng Qiu to Yu Shui, thinking that the right Shu Chang Shu Zong Yi". It is a book of watts. Bei (俾) Si Yu did not change the title of "Sons and Grandchildren think that Zongyi". 顝 is sealed with four seasons (year) winter ten pots (one) moon decoction unitary seal, from the east of the seal of sang □ (need to be created: 阝 + enjoy), north to the seal of yu sang, one mile twenty series. Ōta Sa, Ao (Hao) Tong (僮) 曰未, Shi Yue Chu Bu Jie (art), Shi Qiang (羁) Hand, Si Yu Xin Zhi is, 貍 (buried) Seal.
Mr. Shang Zhiru believes that the meaning of these words is: In the fourth year before King Huiwen of Qin, Zhou Tianzi (King Xianwang of Zhou) sent Qing DafuChen to send blessings from King Wen and King Wu. On the day of the winter november, Da liangzuo issued an order saying: "Cut a piece of land from Du County to Yushui as the Zongyi of right Shu Changyi (chù)", and wrote the Book of Wa. He sent The Emperor Togaru (pronounced kū or kuī) to make a seal, saying: "Descendants and grandchildren as zongyi." On the day of November of the fourth winter, the seal began to be sealed, from the east of the seal of sang □ (need to be created: 阝 + enjoyment), and north to the seal of Yu Sang, a total of forty-five houses. The subordinate of the Daejeon official office, Hao's powerful servant and Shi Chu were responsible for divination and planting trees on the seal, Shi Zhi carved the Wa Shu, and Si Yuxin recorded the process of sealing Zongyi, so he buried the Wa Shu in the sealing boundary.
Director Huigang said: "From the information recorded in the text, it can be seen that the purpose of making the Washu is to seal this land to this person as a Zongyi. Feng refers to fengtutai, and Yi refers to the city. A fief is a place that the ruler divides a marked area among meritorious vassals and owns them for encouragement. Zongyi is different from the general fengyi, and the location of Zongyi is the location of zongyi temple. Because it is a document that records this event in the form of tiles, it is called the Qin FengZong Yi wa shu. ”
The name of the person who announced the will was You, and the current president of Shaanxi Normal University was also surnamed You
Director Hui Gang said, "I think it is the first treasure of the pre-Qin Dynasty. Because this tile book was not made by the sealed to show the glory of the family, it was ordered by King Huiwen of Qin. King Huiwen of Qin was the great-grandfather of Qin Shi Huang, the 26th monarch of the Qin State, and the first monarch of the Qin State to claim the title of King during the Warring States period. During his reign, Wen had Zhang Yilian across the Six Kingdoms, Wu had Gongsun Yan, Li Lizi, Sima Cuo, Northern Expedition Yiqu, Xiping Bashu, East Out of Hangu, and South To Shangyu, laying a solid foundation for Qin to unify China. The Zhou Tianzi recorded at the beginning of the Book of Wa sent people to reward King Wen of Qin with the blessings of King Wen and King Wu, although this information is not directly related to Feng Zongyi, it can also be seen that the power of the Qin State at that time was strong. ”
"According to the will of King Huiwen of Qin, the land he had sealed belonged to Du County of the Qin State at that time, and the fief was fengqiu in the south of the Fenghao and Fenghao in the Zhou Dynasty, and the specific location was in the narrow strip east of the Feng River, west of the Wei River, and north of nanshan. The Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University is within this range. So some people joke that this tile book is the land title of Shaanxi Normal University more than 2300 years ago. In addition, there is a very interesting coincidence: the Washu records that the name of the person who announced Wang Qin Huiwen's will was You, and the current president of our Shaanxi Normal University happened to be surnamed You. So far, I am afraid that in the national colleges and universities, only the Shaanxi Normal University has such a coincidental and precious thing. ”
"In addition to the information recorded in the text, the text of this tile book itself is a wet-engraved Qin seal, and the font is staggered, very vivid, and rhythmic. Cultural relics are generally considered from the perspective of historical value, cultural relics value and artistic value. From these three aspects, the value of this tile book is very high. ”
Both the promulgater and the recipient have weapons with inscriptions passed down, and the Washu is used as a sealed seal
So who are the 樛 (音 jiū or liáo) who issued the orders recorded in this book of tiles and who are the recipients of the seal?
Director Huigang said that he was ordered by the king to give this land to the right Shu Changyou, whose identity in the Washu was "Daliangzao" and "Shuchang". Shang An changed the law in the Qin state, from Zuo Shuchang to Daliangzao, holding great power, ensuring the smooth progress of the change of law, which shows that Daliangzao is an important official position in the Qin government. Judging from the records of the classics and the lack of attention, The Great Liangzao appointed by Shang An was actually the highest official position in the Government of the Qin State, both the highest military attaché at that time and the head of the Hundred Officials, assisting the Premier of the Qin Dynasty in government affairs. Ōryō was supposed to be the official title of Yu You, and Shu Chang should be his title. In addition to the appearance of its name in the Washu, there are also bronze ge with inscriptions passed down from generation to generation.
Although there is no clear record in the historical records of this person, but with reference to the excavated cultural relics, it may be the Xiangbang Shou Candle of the Qin ZhaoWang period recorded in the "Records of History", and the Washu records that his identity when he was enthroned was the Right ShuChang, and he also had a weapon with an inscription passed down.
The carriers of ancient texts are bone, copper, gold, jade, iron, stone, wood, and drapery, and there are few pottery. For such a big event as Feng Zongyi, why not use metal but choose ceramic tiles as a carrier? According to the exhibition text of the museum, there is a record of "theft and sealing" in the Qin Law, which is a punishment for the act of stealing others to seal the boundary. It can be seen that the phenomenon of "migration" at that time was common. Zongyi is the seat of the Zongyi Temple, how can it be "sealed" by people? Therefore, special legislation in the Qin Law prohibits it. Since there is no way to record the sealing, the relevant orders need to be written down and the witnesses testify and corroborate each other in the official chronicle. This document may have chosen to use pottery in consideration of the ease of preservation, ease of carrying, and low cost.
Director Hui Gang said that judging from the records of the WaShu, this Qin Fengzong YiwaShu was buried in the sealing boundary.
Huashang Daily reporter Ma Huzhen/Wen Zhang Jie/Photo (Cultural relics photo provided by Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University)