In 262 BC, the State of Qin attacked the King of Ye and divided the territory of Korea into two, Shangdang County Shou Feng Ting did not obey the orders of the King of Han, but planned to return to Zhao, the State of Zhao was also willing to accept the Shangdang, the State of Qin naturally refused to give up, thus triggering a war between Qin and Zhao.
The general course of the war was that the Qin and Zhao armies formed a confrontation in the shangdang town of Changping, and then the Zhao state won the "anti-plot" of the Qin state, replacing the veteran general Lian Po, who was good at talking on paper, with Zhao Kuo, who was good at talking about soldiers on paper, and replacing the veteran general Lian Po, who had experienced hundreds of battles; Zhao Kuo changed his previous strategy and led his troops to take the initiative to attack, resulting in a siege of up to 46 days, and finally the Zhao army was defeated in Changping and was seriously injured.
Battle of Changping
The first person responsible for the great defeat in the Battle of Changping was naturally Zhao Dan, the king of Zhao Xiaocheng, and I can only say that I understand it more. Why? At the beginning of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign, it was his mother Zhao Wei who came to listen to the government, indicating that Zhao Dan was young at this time, a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, and could not fully identify the consequences of his own actions, and needed his mother's escort.
But Zhao Weihou's obvious level was not bad. In the article "Touching the Dragon and Saying Empress Zhao", the State of Qin took advantage of the change of power of the State of Zhao to capture several cities, and the State of Zhao had no choice but to ask the State of Qi for help, but the State of Qi proposed that Chang'an Jun go to be a proton. Zhao Weihou loved his younger son very much, and he ignored the critical situation in Zhao Guo and insisted on refusing.
The mother and queen could not help, and the young Zhao Dan, who had shallow experience in governing, became an important think tank around him. In 265 BC, King Xiaocheng of Zhao ascended the throne, and it was also in this year that the State of Yan attacked the State of Zhao. King Xiaocheng of Zhao took the advice of his third uncle Zhao Sheng (赵胜), the third uncle of Pingyuan, and ceded the "Fifty-Seven Cities of Jidong Linglu, Gao Tang, and Pingyuan Lingdi Fengyi City" to the State of Qi in exchange for Tian Dan leading troops to resist Yan.
Zhao Luxury
At the time of the country's survival, when he was serving on the battlefield, where would this "riotous operation" of Pingyuan Jun place the names of Zhao Hao and Lian Po? No wonder Zhao Hao asked in person, Guo Xi no one is very bad! Meaning, isn't this contempt for Zhao Guo and no one, punching Zhao Guo in the face?
The results of the subsequent battle were indeed as Zhao Hao expected. Qi and Zhao are close neighbors and potential competitors, so how can Tian Dan really serve King Zhao? , strengthening the State of Zhao also indirectly weakened the State of Qi. Zhao Dan's uncle and nephew's decision-making not only paid for a large amount of land in Eastern Jidong, but also consumed a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources, and only won three small cities such as Zhongyang.
When faced with the seventeen cities of Shangdang County, which were within reach, Zhao Dan couldn't help but be overjoyed, more or less could make up for the deficit, and was inclined to accept Shangdang County, but he felt that things were too big, and there was also Qin Guo behind him, and he consulted the third uncle Zhao Sheng; perhaps out of the same mentality, Zhao Sheng supported Zhao Dan and made the decision to accept the party.
However, to say that Shangdang County Shou Feng Ting was willing to sacrifice Shangdang County, it seems that this is not the case, and in the face of Zhao Sheng, who came to be canonized, he was drooling and said, "I am not in the three injustices"; then "Zhao Sui sent troops to take the party". It shows that Feng Ting is not willing to be annexed by the State of Qin, nor may he be willing to be included in the State of Zhao, but the two countries of Han and Zhao have deeper ties and hope to use the power of the State of Zhao to oppose the State of Qin.
However, under the operation of Zhao Dan's uncle and nephew, it was the dispatch of troops to forcibly occupy Shangdang, which caused the Zhao army to lose the hearts of the people in Shangdang, so that the Zhao state was isolated in Changping and launched a protracted war with the Qin state, which was the "outstanding" performance of Zhao Dan's third uncle. The fourth uncle, Zhao Bao, the Prince of Pingyang, was not much better, and when Zhao Dan consulted him, he only passively suggested not to accept it; wouldn't the Qin state have annexed the Shangdang and would not have troubled the Zhao state?
Let's talk about the strength of the Battle of Changping. All indications show that the number of Zhao troops killed in the Battle of Changping is likely to be less than 450,000, and correspondingly, the Qin army's strength will not reach more than 500,000 that can besiege the Zhao army.
According to scholars according to the "Geographical Records of the Book of Han", the number of people counted backwards is about 6 million in the Warring States period, excluding 50% of women and excluding men under 15 years old, over 60 years old and other unsuitable enlistment, the total military strength of the Qin State is about 1.2 million; similarly, the total military strength of the Zhao State is about 500,000.
In the eyes of many people, it seems that the Battle of Changping was a decisive battle between Qin and Zhao, but in fact it was not. Imagine, qin and Zhao, the two countries may come up and "stud" just for one county? Do you think other princely states do not exist? Did the Huns of the North exist? The plates of the two countries are still very large.
Looking at Wang Gong's rank, he was only a tenth-rank zuo shu commander, which was not like the rank of a general sent to fight a decisive battle; secondly, when the Qin state destroyed the Chu state, the king of Qin chose Li Xin because he only needed 200,000 troops. That is to say, the military meritorious knight is the battle record of a soldier, and it is impossible for the King of Qin to press most of the "wealth" to people with very low qualifications; this is like appearing, and it is impossible for Wang Gong, who is a battalion and company commander, to command a group army.
Military Meritorious Lord
On the side of the Zhao state, after the Battle of Changping, it successively experienced the Battle of Handan with the State of Qin and the Battle of the Yan Dynasty, of course, the Battle of Handan contained the factors of Wei and Chu aiding Zhao, but it should not be ignored that the State of Zhao still had a considerable number of troops, and it was unrealistic to expect outsiders to protect their families and protect the country. From this, it is also inferred that the Zhao army that was killed in the Battle of Changping did not have 450,000, otherwise where would the zhao state have the strength to win two successive major battles.
That is to say, the State of Zhao still had a considerable number of troops, and at this time, King Xiaocheng of Zhao was tormented in his heart, and his ruling experience was insufficient, and he could only rely on his third uncle Zhao Sheng. But this third uncle was simply a "sinkhole", and the decisions he helped make twice caused Zhao Guo to suffer huge losses, so Zhao Sheng learned to be obedient at the time of life and death, and controlled this mouth that "opened the light".
The uncle of high power is unreliable, and he is far from mature, King Zhao Xiaocheng has carried psychological baggage, Changping's army cannot help but save, and is worried about losing all his wealth, the foundation of the father king, can not be "studded" in two, but to say that he did not send troops to rescue, it is also wronged.
According to the Zizhi Tongjian Zhou Jiwu:
Wu Anjun sent a light army to attack him, but Zhao Zhan was unfavorable, because he built a wall to hold on to it to be rescued. The King of Qin heard that Zhao was in a state of extinction, and was as free as the people of Hanoi who had been more than fifteen years old, and had learned about Changping, covering up Zhao's rescue troops and grain. The Qi people and the Chu people saved Zhao.
Seeing that the Siege of the Zhao Army was besieged, King Zhaoxiang of Qin, who knew the battle situation very well, decided to add another "fire" and recruit young adults over the age of fifteen from Hanoi County near Changping (note that it was not the whole territory of the Qin State) to the Battlefield of Changping to intercept reinforcements and grain shipments.
The reinforcements included the Qi and Chu troops, but in view of the psychological baggage mentioned above, the contradictory King Xiaocheng of Zhao did not gamble on "personal life", but only sent a small part of the army, and Qi and Chu must have clearly seen the attitude of the Zhao state. Otherwise, how to explain that the Three Kingdoms Alliance could not fight, and most of them were temporarily drawn from the Qin army? Tearing open a hole is always okay, right?
In summary, King Xiaocheng of Zhao ascended the throne at a young age and relied heavily on his third uncle Zhao Sheng, who was also the minister of state. Helplessly, the so-trusted Non-People, one of the so-called Four Princes of the Warring States, Pingyuan Jun, was actually difficult to match under the name, and the two foreign decisions made chicken feathers in the Zhao State, which also led to the hesitation of King Zhao Xiaocheng on the issue of whether to rescue Changping, and finally only sent part of the army and made a gesture, which also determined that the war situation for Changping was useless.