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There was a eunuch in the Eastern Han Dynasty who framed other concubines for the empress, and after the empress's death, he immediately fell in love with another empress, which was simply an empress control. This man's political behavior is incomprehensible. His name was Cai Lun, and he invented papermaking.
Cai Lun (?-121) was a native of Guiyang County, Eastern Han Dynasty. In the last year of the Reign of Emperor Yongping of Hanming, in the second year of Zhang He (88 AD), Cai Lun was promoted to zhongchang (中常侍) because of his merits to the empress, and Cai Lun served as a Shang Fang Ling as a noble jiuqing.
Cai Lun summed up the papermaking experience of people in the past and innovated the papermaking process, and finally made ''Caihou Paper''. In the first year of Yuan Xing (105 AD), the imperial court was reported, and the Han He Emperor ordered the promotion of his papermaking method. In the first year of Jianguang (121 AD), he committed suicide due to a power struggle.
Empress Dowager Dou
Empress Dou was not an ordinary woman, she was born from the famous Fufeng Dou clan, and her grandfather Dou Rong was the founding father of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "Twenty-Eight Generals of Yuntai". Empress Dou was not only beautiful in appearance, but also quite scheming, and was very favored by Emperor Zhang of Han.
The fly in the ointment is that although she was an empress, she was unable to give birth to a son. The crown prince at that time was Liu Qing, who was born to the Song nobles. Once the crown prince takes over, then empress Dou's position may not be secured. In order to get rid of the crown prince, Empress Dou instructed Cai Lun to frame the Song nobles for witchcraft. The so-called witchcraft is mostly a nonsense thing, but this thing is fatal in the two Han, and whoever sticks to it is doomed. Cai Lun is a smart person, which is not difficult for him at all.
As a result, Song Guiren was thrown into prison. Under severe torture, the poor woman confessed to the crime and consciously took poison and died. After killing Song Guiren, Empress Dou deposed the crown prince Liu Qing as the King of Qinghe, snatched Liu Zhao, who was born to Liang Guiren, as her son, and made him crown prince.
Empress Deng
In the ninth year of Yongping (97 AD), Empress Dou died and was pro-emperor. In the fourteenth year of Yongyuan (102 AD) and Emperor Deng Sui as empress, Cai Lun immediately defected to Empress Deng. Deng Sui liked to dance and ink, and Cai Lun, in order to do what he liked, was willing to condescend and concurrently serve as Shang Fangling, in charge of the imperial utensils in the palace and the imperial handicraft workshop in the palace.
Deng Sui. She was the granddaughter of Deng Yu, the first hero of the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and like Empress Dou, she was also talented and scheming. When she first entered the palace, she was only a nobleman, but by her own operation, she was soon replaced by the empress. In this process, Cai Lun, as a senior eunuch in the palace, made a lot of efforts. Therefore, after Empress Deng ascended the throne, she loved Cai Lun very much. Under the protection of Empress Deng, Cai Lun sat firmly on the Diaoyutai.
Papermaking
In order to popularize knowledge, Empress Deng organized a group of erudite Hongru to re-edit the scriptures, then copied them into copies and promulgated them everywhere. This requires a lot of paper. However, the level of papermaking at that time was too low, and the hemp fiber paper made was rough, and the quantity was small, the cost was high, it was not popular, and it was difficult to meet the demand. In order to win the favor of his master, Cai Lun took the initiative to ask for help, part-time Shang Shuling, and fully presided over this work. He gave full play to his ingenuity, and on the basis of his predecessors, he combined tree bark, fishing nets and bamboo to invent plant fiber paper. This is the great art of papermaking.
At this moment, Cai Lun is not too much to describe it as one person below ten thousand people.
Cai Lun served as an official in the inner court all his life, served 4 young emperors successively, defected to two empresses, rose steadily, and was enthroned as a marquis and honored as a ninth secretary, but ended in a tragic death. But when he was in charge of Shangfang, he promoted the development of handicrafts and was known as a scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, he left his name for posterity and was approved by historians.
Papermaking spread to Europe, Europeans got cheap books, culture, knowledge, and education were truly liberated from monasteries, the people's minds were enlightened, new bourgeois culture developed rapidly, the seeds of the Renaissance sprouted, new knowledge emerged like a flood that opened the floodgates, and thousands of thinkers, scientists, and artists emerged.