There were many peasant uprisings in every dynasty in ancient China, most of which were smaller and ineligible for entry into the history books. The number of large-scale peasant uprisings recorded in the history books is also very large, such as the Chen Sheng WuGuang Uprising, the Yellow Turban Army Uprising, the Li Zicheng Uprising, etc., but the vast majority of peasant uprisings have failed in the end, and there is only one truly successful peasant rebel army, that is, Zhu Yuanzhang's Red Turban Army.
Zhu Yuanzhang drove the Yuan Dynasty back to the steppe and established the Ming Dynasty.
Some people say that Liu Bang and Liu Xiu were not also the leaders of the peasant rebel army, and they also succeeded.
Strictly speaking, neither of them was a peasant, but a landlord.
Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, had a certain social status in the local area and had close contacts with local squires. When Liu Bang was a child, he studied the Book of Shang with Lu Xie. Liu Bang's younger brother Liu Jiao also worshiped Xun Zi's disciple Fu Qiubo as a teacher and became a Confucian student. Without a family background, Can Liu Bang become the chief of the pavilion?
Xiao He, Zhang Liang, Han Xin, Cao Shan, Fan Duo and others were not farmers, at least had a certain social status in the local area.
Liu Xiu was a relative of the Han Dynasty, a standard imperial relative of the state, and there was a lot of land in the family, and there was no doubt that he was a landlord.
Although the number of peasant uprisings in ancient China was as numerous as cattle hair, the only one who really succeeded in establishing a dynasty was Zhu Yuanzhang's Red Turban Army Uprising.
Why did the vast majority of peasant uprisings fail, and why did Zhu Yuanzhang succeed?
The reason for the failure of the peasant uprising is actually very simple:
1. The quality of the leaders of the peasant uprising is too low, the leadership ability is poor, they cannot formulate a reasonable strategy, they are easy to satisfy, they are small and rich, they lack initiative, and they lead the team to success.
2. The discipline of the peasant army is too poor, and it is difficult for the leader of the rebel army to strictly restrain his subordinates, and it is easy to lead to division.
3. Unable to get the support of local heroes.
Hong Xiuquan, Li Zicheng, and Fan Chong all made these mistakes.
When Hong Xiuquan arrived in Nanjing, he did not come out in the harem and did not immediately go all out on the Northern Expedition. The split between Hong and Yang gave the Xiang army the opportunity to rise. The Gentry and Scholars of Jiangnan preferred to support the Xiang Army and the Qing Army rather than the Taiping Army.
Li Zicheng entered Beijing without establishing a solid political power. Wu Sangui surrendered, and his family was harassed again, and as a result, he rebelled again.
Fan Chong's Chimei army also invaded Chang'an and established political power, but plundered Chang'an and was eventually defeated by Liu Xiu.
These three reasons can be boiled down to one: they did not win the favor of the literati doctors, attracted a large number of intellectuals to join, used the wisdom of intellectuals to lead the peasant uprising, and led the intellectuals to victory.
Of course, in order to attract Confucian intellectuals to join, it is necessary to give preferential treatment to Confucian intellectuals and represent the interests of the landlord class, and the peasant uprising team will deteriorate and become the landlord class armed.
In the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the vast majority of intellectuals sided with the Qing Dynasty.
During Li Zicheng's uprising, intellectuals sided with the Ming, Southern Ming, and Qing dynasties.
During Fan Chong's uprising, intellectuals and large landlords took the initiative to defect to Liu Xiu.
The only one who was different was Zhu Yuanzhang.
After Zhu Yuanzhang's ranks exceeded 10,000 people, many intellectuals joined, such as Zhu Sheng, Li Shanchang, Liu Bowen and so on.
Why did Zhu Yuanzhang attract intellectuals to join?
On the surface, the reason is that Zhu Yuanzhang recognized the importance of intellectuals and gave preferential treatment to intellectuals.
In fact, the most fundamental reason is that Zhu Yuanzhang represents the Han people and can naturally attract Han intellectuals to join. The Yuan Dynasty was a minority dynasty that did not attach importance to Confucian intellectuals, and pushed all intellectuals to the opposite side.
Hong Xiuquan was also Han Chinese, and if he did not reject Confucianism under the guise of Christianity, he would have won the support of a large number of Han chinese doctors. Unfortunately, Hong Xiuquan's strategy was wrong, and it has not changed from beginning to end.
Summary: The peasant uprising failed because it did not gain the support of intellectuals and landlords, and the peasant armed forces did not become landlord armed forces. Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded because the Yuan Dynasty excluded Han Intellectuals.
You can also say your own opinion.