The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
The Xiongnu were a group of nomadic peoples in the ancient Mongolian deserts and steppes, most of which lived in the Gobi Desert, and originally established a state in Ordos on the Mongolian plateau. It arose around the 3rd century BC and flourished from 209 BC to 128 BC. In the thirty-second year of Qin Shi Huang (215 BC), he was expelled from the Yellow River Loop area. During the division of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu entered the Central Plains, and the Northern Xiongnu moved from the north of the desert to the Hexi Corridor, which experienced about three hundred years in the middle.
The Huns were remnants of the Xia Dynasty. The Chronicle of the Xiongnu records: "The Xiongnu, whose ancestor Xia Hou's Miao descendants were also known as Chunwei. ”。 The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Great Wilderness of the North Classic says that Inuyasha and the Xia people have the same ancestors, both from the Yellow Emperor. The "History of Suoyin" quotes Zhang Yan as saying: "Chun Wei ran north with Yin Shi. "It means that Chun Wei, a descendant of Xia, fled to the north during the Shang Dynasty, and his descendants multiplied into Xiongnu. There is also a theory that the descendants of Xia who moved to the north were the sons of Xia Jie. Xia Jie died of exile for three years, and his son, Yu Yu, took the wives and concubines left by his father, took refuge in the northern wilderness, and migrated with livestock, which is what China called the Xiongnu.
The real large-scale battle against the Xiongnu was during the Han Dynasty. In 201 BC, King Xin of Han surrendered to the Xiongnu. The following year, Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang personally led a large army to conquest, and was besieged by more than 300,000 cavalry of the Xiongnu Mao Dundan at Baideng (白登, in present-day northeast of Datong, Shanxi) for seven days and nights. After escaping with a trick, he began to make peace with the Huns. Subsequent Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing also followed the policy of peace and pro-life to recuperate. In 57 BC, the Xiongnu split, Zhi Zhidan won the northern part of the desert, and Hu Han evil Dan went south to join the Han Dynasty in 51 BC. In 33 BC, Hu Han was married to Wang Zhaojun and reconciled with Han.
In 48, in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu split into two parts, and the grandson of Hu Han Evil Dan Yu had more than 40,000 people who went south to the Han Dynasty to be called the Southern Xiongnu, and were placed in the Hetao area by the Han Dynasty. Those who remained in the desert north were called the Northern Huns. From 1989 to 1991, the Southern Xiongnu and the Han United attacked the Northern Xiongnu, defeating the Northern Xiongnu and the Altai Mountains respectively, forcing them to move west, and since then the Northern Xiongnu have disappeared from ancient Chinese books.
In 187, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the Yellow Turban Rebellion was in force and Dong Zhuo was in power, infighting broke out among the Southern Xiongnu. In 195, the Southern Xiongnu participated in the Central Plains Scuffle, and Cai Wenji, the daughter of Cai Yong of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was taken captive to the Xiongnu. In 202, the leader of the Southern Xiongnu was attached to Cao Cao, the Han chancellor, and Cai Wenji was returned to Han. Cao Cao divided the Southern Xiongnu into five parts.
At the beginning of the 4th century, Liu Yuan, the governor of the five major capitals of the Xiongnu, was appointed as a general under Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu. Taking advantage of the chaotic period after the Rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Yuan raised troops to occupy most of Northern China, proclaiming himself the King of Han, and in 311 Liu Yuanzi Liu Cong attacked Luoyang, and in 316 he captured Chang'an and destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty. Historically known as Former Zhao or Han Zhao.
The mixed descendants of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei were called the Tiefu people. The Tiefu people Liu Bobo was defeated by the Xianbei Tuoba clan and defected to the Qiang people's Later Qin. Later, believing himself to be the last Xiongnu king, he changed his surname to Helian and founded the Xia Kingdom in the Hetao region, known in history as Hu Xia. In 425, Helian died and was succeeded by his son Helian Chang. In 428, Northern Wei captured Helian Chang. Helian Chang's brother Helian Ding proclaimed himself Emperor Xia in Pingliang. In 431, Northern Wei captured Helian Ding and died in Xia. The capital of the Xia Kingdom, Wancheng, is the only relic left in East Asia by the Nomadic Xiongnu.
The Xiongnu integrated into the humble Yuwen tribe near Goryeo and entered the Korean Peninsula. Later, Yuwen usurped the Northern Zhou regime established by Western Wei, and was later usurped by Yang Jian, a Han foreign relative. Yang Jian founded the Sui Dynasty and unified the Central Plains. The Xiongnu later disappeared from Chinese history as an independent people and merged with a number of other ethnic groups into the Huaxia. After the Sinicization of the descendants of the Xiongnu, the Changed Han surnames included Liu, He, Cong, Huyan, Wan Qian, etc., and many lived in today's Shaanxi, Shanxi and Shandong.
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time