What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
"Jing Kang shame, Yu Wei Xue." When the courtiers hate, when to extinguish. ”
Ninety-two years after Yue Fei's unjust death, the Combined Song and Mongol forces besieged Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Runan, Henan), the last base of Jin, and forced Emperor Aizong of Jin into a desperate situation.
Song Jin's century-old vendetta is coming to an end.
Fleeing from Fenjing to Caizhou, Jin Aizong lamented: "I wore the golden seal purple silk for ten years, for ten years as a prince, for ten years for the emperor, knowing that I had not made too much mistake in my life, and I should have died without regrets." But the only thing I regret now is that the century-old inheritance of my ancestors was destroyed in my hands, and I was about to perish like the absurd and tyrannical kings in history. ”
In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1234), the ruined city of Caizhou had long been cut off from grain and grass, and fell into a tragic situation of old and weak eating each other.
Determined to be martyred, Emperor Aizong of Jin passed the throne to the general Yan Chenglin before committing suicide, but less than an hour after the latter ascended the throne, the Song general Meng Jue sent troops from the south gate to attack. Yan Chenglin, a "temporary worker", died in the rebellion. At this point, Jin died and enjoyed 119 years of the country.
The court of the Southern Song Dynasty was immersed in a state of joy. The lyricist Huang Ji sang with Yue Fei's grandson Yue Ke many times, and he wrote a poem "Man Jiang Hong" during the Song Army's Northern Expedition to Caizhou, which echoed The work of Yue Wumu's angry hair and crown in that year:
Wan Zao qi, he wanted to sweep away Guan luo. Changhuai Road, night pavilion police flint, Xiaoying blowing horns. The green-bearded general thinks about drinking horses, and the yellow-headed slave is shocked to hear the crane. Thinking of Zhongyuan and father and elder have known in their hearts, this is not yesterday.
Wild salamander scissors, tied in the skull. Single in life, spring ice thin. Politicians are brave and brave, and they are still fighting. Flags fly in the wind, goku shoot moon frost. And Mo Ling, Yu Liu Sai Men Qiu, sadly shaken.
Huang Ji said, our Great Song army is mighty, those golden soldiers like wild salamanders will be annihilated, the fierce enemy army will be captured, and the life of the Emperor of the Golden Kingdom, but like the thin ice of spring, will soon melt.
However, by the time the Song and Jin dynasties were together, a more powerful nomadic people in the north had risen, namely the Mongols, who had been unified by Genghis Khan.
While the Mongols, who swept in all directions, fought the Jin people for thousands of miles, the Southern Song Dynasty established a controversial emperor.
Zhao Yun [yún] of the Song Dynasty, reigned forty years (1224-1264), was the longest-reigning emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Some scholars believe that he is quite similar to The Song Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, ruling for many years, treating people generously, implementing reforms, and fighting wars against foreign tribes, but the difference is that the degree of decay of the Song Lizong dynasty is far greater than that of the Song Renzong period.
The pain of the times is not necessarily terrible, in the face of the Mongol cavalry's step by step, the sinking of the interior of the Southern Song Dynasty is the most deadly gentle knife.
▲ Portrait of Song Lizong
01. From village boy to emperor
Zhao Yunben was not in line with the emperor's wind and horses, but his predecessor Emperor Ningzong of Song had the common distress of the Southern Song Emperors - no queen.
Later in the reign of Emperor Ningzong of Song, Shi Miyuan's power fell to the opposition, colluding with Empress Yang, who was in charge of the harem, first murdering Han Nongxin, the chancellor who presided over the Northern Expedition, and then manipulating the government for more than twenty years.
Shi Miyuan was very concerned about the issue of the emperor's heir, especially after the death of nine sons of Emperor Ningzong, and he was more interested in supporting the crown prince in order to consolidate his position.
Therefore, Shi Miyuan's cronies did their best to flatter the emperor, and tried their best to find a "son" for the emperor, secretly looking for the descendants of the royal family who were wandering in the folk.
One day, Shi Miyuan's aide Yu Tianxi passed through Shaoxing and met two boys at the home of a Baochang surnamed Quan. The two boys, surnamed Zhao, are the nephews of Quan Baochang, the eldest named Zhao and Ju, who is 16 years old, and the younger brother is called Zhao and Rui.
When Yu Tianxi inquired, the brothers Zhao and Ju were actually the tenth grandson of Zhao Dezhao, the son of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, and a distant cousin of Song Ningzong.
Zhao and Ju's family was poor, and their father died of illness when they were young, and the brothers followed their mother to their uncle who was the chief of the security guard. In the Song Dynasty, ten households were guaranteed, and Bao Chang was a grassroots cadre, almost indistinguishable from the commoners, which showed how cold their families were.
Yu Tianxi was overjoyed, and when he returned, he recommended zhao and ju and Zhao and Rui brothers to Shi Miyuan.
After Shi Miyuan personally made an inspection, he took the older Zhao and Ju to Lin'an, where Yu Tianxi's mother took care of his life, and sent someone to teach him to read and write, learn court etiquette, and constantly give Zhao and Ju votes in front of Song Ningzong.
Generally speaking, the emperor selects heirs from the side branches, starting from the doll, Zhao and Ju are almost adults, and they are from humble origins, and they are not suitable for participating in the competition for the crown prince. However, Song Ningzong, who was content to do nothing, listened to the ministers' nagging and was too tired, so he had to accept Shi Miyuan's suggestion and make Zhao and Ju the imperial nephew, as one of the candidates for the imperial throne, and Shi Miyuan's plot was further successful.
Zhao and Ju were the future Song Lizong Zhao Yun.
In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), Shi Miyuan took advantage of Song Ningzong's serious illness and joined hands with Empress Yang to concoct a number of "testaments", squeezing out Zhao Zhen, the crown prince that Song Ningzong had cultivated for many years, and pushing Zhao Yun, who was born ordinary, to the throne late on the night of Ningzong's death.
This year, Zhao Yun was 20 years old. A few years ago, he was still playing with mud in the countryside of Shaoxing.
Song Lizong reigned for 40 years and can basically be divided into three stages:
After he ascended the throne, until the tenth decade of the sixth year of Shaoding (1233), it was a period of Shi Miyuan's abuse of power, and Song Lizong was originally a puppet supported by power, and basically had no right to speak.
More than ten years after Shi Miyuan's death and Emperor Lizong's pro-government, it was a period of great achievements for Emperor Lizong of Song, and he carried out a number of rectifications of the bureaucracy and finances, the most notable feature of which was the promotion of science and respect for Taoism. This series of reforms is known in history as "Duanping Reform".
In the last ten years of his reign, Song Lizong completely released himself.
In the era of Emperor Lizong of Song, the only constant truth was that the Southern Song Dynasty was further declining, darker and more chaotic, and at this time, the Mongols had sharpened their swords.
When Zhao Yun was still living a poor childhood in his hometown of Shaoxing, in the second year of Song Kaixi (1206), Temujin, who had been conquering and unifying the Mongol tribes for many years, held a congress at the source of the Huanan River (present-day Onnen River) to establish the Mongol Empire, with the honorific title of "Genghis Khan".
After that, the Mongols swung their butcher knives at Western Xia and Jin.
At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty courtiers were tearing gracefully.
▲Lin'an Night Market map
2. The curse of jianghu poetry
Another year, begonias bloom.
Spring came, cold smoke and rain, and the dynasty was late. After three days of warm and sunny days, I felt that Wan Shu was sleepy. Frost dotted sideburns. Pan Ling is old, and he does not take flowers with him every year. Talent is lost. The Jade Bureau Fei Xian, the Stone Lake No Pen, the Lonely Wind Charm.
Fallen city color, chagrin beauty thin life. Who asks? The east wind is boring and boring, blowing rouge into powder. Jun carefully recognized. Flowers and wine, ancient two things are especially stingy. The years go quickly. The green leaves are shady, the moss is full of ground, and it is hated when it is done.
Liu Kezhuang, the author of this poem "Touching the Fish", was a famous patriot in the late Southern Song Dynasty, who took Xin Abandoned Disease as an idol and claimed to have memorized Jiaxuan's words backwards when he was a child.
However, Geng Jie was not a group, and he had been an official for decades, and he had been impeached and demoted many times, and his life was bumpy.
Liu Kezhuang's words are ostensibly regretting that the begonia flowers have fallen into the country, but they are red and short-lived, and they cannot be loved, in fact, they are also lamenting that the upright people in the DPRK and China have been repeatedly suppressed and scattered.
Liu Kezhuang once wrote to Song Lizong, saying: "The ineffectiveness of doubting a gentleman and the talent of a suspicious villain are the causes of the disasters of Xuanhe and Jingkang, and I hope that Your Majesty will learn from them." ”
Above the court, he was one of the few ministers who dared to face Shi Miyuan head-on, and he was thus involved in the so-called "jianghu poetry disaster".
Shi Miyuan is a traitor who has been ignored by traditional history books.
After he came to power, he adopted high-pressure measures, and his henchmen were all over the government and the opposition, but during his period of power, he could not lay a piece of land externally, and it was difficult to deal with the dying Jin Dynasty, but he indiscriminately issued paper money internally, resulting in a financial crisis. By the Shaoding period, the number of "coins" issued by the Southern Song Dynasty soared to 290 million taels, not counting the number of forgeries. As a result, prices soared, exploitation intensified, and the people suffered terribly.
If Liu Kezhuang's idol is Xin Renjie, then Shi Miyuan's love bean is Qin Juniper. In order to consolidate his power, he vigorously promoted the prison of writing and cracked down on dissidents.
At that time, there was a reader named Chen Qi in Lin'an, who opened a bookstore, and he also liked to write poetry, so he collected and printed the poems of his friends and named them "Jianghu Collection".
Among them, there is a poem by Liu Kezhuang, who wrote the following sentences: "It is not that Zhu San can walk around, but zheng wu owes jinglun." "Zhu San refers to Zhu Wen, who usurped the Tang Dynasty, and Zheng Wu was Zheng Qi [qǐ], the chancellor of the late Tang Dynasty, and Liu Kezhuang's irony is self-evident.
Liu Kezhuang was blunt, and then wrote: "Dongfeng falsely holds the power of flowers, but it is afraid of being lonely and high. "What I scold is Shi Miyuan, who controls the government of the dynasty, and loves it."
When Shi Miyuan learned of this, he was furious and quickly destroyed the book and sentenced Chen Qi to exile, for which Liu Kezhuang and others were convicted, but thanks to some intercession, they were spared death.
It was not until the death of Shi Miyuan in the sixth year of Shaoding (1233) that the literal prison was overturned.
▲Liu Kezhuang was born in Putian, Fujian
3. The Spring of Science
Shi Miyuan is dead, will Great Song still be well?
After Shi Miyuan's death, In order to avoid a situation of independence again, Emperor Lizong of Song changed the situation in which Shi Miyuan's henchmen manipulated the government and appointed a number of prestigious theorists such as Zheng Qingzhi, Zhen Dexiu, and Wei Yiweng as zai's ministers.
Song Lizong is a small fan of Science, and in his early years when he entered the palace, he was influenced by Zheng Qingzhi, Zhen Dexiu and other science masters.
With a royal gold pen, he copied zhu Xi's two sentences from the Book of Rites and the Book of Poetry, "No disrespect, think of innocence", and copied them on the pillars of the main hall as his motto.
Song Lizong's belief in Cheng Zhu Lixue reached an almost fanatical point, not to mention that his temple name may be related to his admiration of Science, and Song Lizong's practice of respecting Science alone actually opened the precedent for Cheng Zhu Lixue to become the dominant ideology in the next eight hundred years.
But theoreticians all have a common problem, they can say and can't do. Despite their fame, most of them like to talk about morality, promote the style of clean talk, and lack the real ability to govern the country and the country.
The prime ministers used by Emperor Lizong of Song, such as Zheng Qingzhi, were old and did not do anything, and they were lenient for the government, which seemed to be no major fault, but it bred corruption. Song Lizong took some measures to rectify the administration of officials and reduce redundant officials, which violated the interests of many officials, and the officials followed the old ways and treated them negatively, and most of them could not be implemented, and finally they could not be implemented.
At this time, the patriotic and indignant Youth Liu Kezhuang came out to speak again.
He said in a letter to Emperor Lizong of Song: "There is no minister of The Bi Nian Rui [kǔn], the minister of Yin Jing, the minister of the general salary, the minister of holding the army, and the minister who holds the festival with the sword, and there is no one who does not become rich." His people were executed by Yizu and Emperor Xiao. ”
Liu Kezhuang means that the situation of the people being poor and the country being poor is all caused by the wind of corruption, and if these corrupt officials had been placed in the past, they would have landed on the ground long ago.
Therefore, Liu Kezhuang proposed a method to Song Lizong, "not into the big stolen officials dozens of families", is "the yu country and the people's key". What does that mean? Take back the stolen money and beat him dozens of big tigers, and the country will have money.
Song Lizong did not listen, the reform was too tired, and it was not easy to become emperor, so he could not pursue pleasure?
The country was in crisis, but Song Lizong indulged in the sound and color of dogs and horses, and built a lot of construction by the West Lake, only to drink and write poetry every day.
Among the emperors of the Song Dynasty, Song Lizong was known for his lust, and every year he had to select a large number of women from the people to enrich the harem, and there were as many as a thousand women in the palace. Usually with so many concubines, Song Lizong still felt that it was not enough, and made an amazing move - to summon prostitutes into the palace.
Other emperors secretly looked for flowers and asked Liu to tremble and tremble, and Song Lizong, who was keen on science, summoned the prostitutes of the people directly to the palace without making the slightest concealment.
The famous prostitute Tang An'an was able to sing and dance, and was favored by Song Lizong. She often went to and from the palace, received many rewards, and became the famous richest woman in the capital.
For Song Lizong's nouveau riche mentality, many people at that time did not think much of it.
Sichuan Wenren and Weng were jinshi during the Song Dynasty, and he came to Lin'an to sail the West Lake with them in the same year. Someone asked him, "Does Western Shu have this scene?" ”
When Wen and Weng listened, what came to mind was that the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty lingered between the mountains and rivers of the West Lake, indulging in pleasure, turning a blind eye to the tigers of the powerful enemies in the north, and indignant about it.
At a banquet at the lake, Xinjin Shiwen and Weng Zhishu wrote a poem "He Groom", which attacked the government:
A spoonful of West Lake water. Crossing the river, a hundred years of singing and dancing, a hundred years of drunkenness. Looking back at the end of Luoyang's flowers and stones, the smoke is far away from the land. More no more, the new pavilion fell into tears. Tu Le red makeup shakes the painting boat and asks who is the middle stream and the hit? Ancient hate, when to wash?
The rest of his life is conceited and clarified. Who else, Lingxi has not met, Fu Yan has not risen. Whoever relies on the affairs of state now has only a river in his clothes! Bendu Dao, Jiang Shen can be ashamed. Borrowed the lonely mountain forest virgin, but turned around and smiled at the plum blossom. The world's affairs can be known!
At this time, there were countless heroes such as Wen and Weng, calling on the Song army to go north and recover the Central Plains.
In these calls, after more than a hundred years of Jing Kang's change, the Song army finally re-entered Heluo, but what awaited them was a farce.
▲ Under the crisis, the beauty of the West Lake makes people sad
4. End flat into Lo
In the third year of Emperor Baoqing of Song (1227), Liu Kezhuang's friend Chen Ju (Chen Zihua) was going to take up a post at Zhenzhou (present-day Yizheng, Jiangsu) on the Song-Jin front.
Liu Kezhuang knew that Chen Yu [xuē] had a heavy responsibility to go to Zhenzhou this time, and wrote a poem "He Groom Send chen Zhenzhou Zihua" to send him off:
Look north to Shenzhou Road. Try to level the chapter, this business, how to divide the payment. I remember that the Taihang Mountains were millions, and they were once controlled by Zong Ye. Now I will do it, hold the snake and ride the tiger. Jun went to Jingdong Haojiexi, wanting to throw in the towel and worship the true father. Talk and laugh, Ding Qilu.
The two rivers are only fox rabbits. Asked if anyone came after the ancestors went. How many new pavilions waving tears, who dream of the original piece of soil. The calculation of business must be done by people. Ying Xiao Shusheng was timid, and went to the car and closed like a bride. Empty eyes, Sai Hong went.
Liu Kezhuang sent his friend to his post, did not care about the trivialities of people's lives, and talked about the restoration of the Central Plains as a major national event.
He quoted the allusion of "worshiping the true father" in the hope that Chen Yu would learn from Guo Ziyi of the Tang Dynasty. Guo Ziyi only led dozens of horses to the Huiyi camp that year, and the Huiyi people were shocked at first sight, impressed by it, laid down their weapons, and bowed down one after another, saying: "You are like our father." ”
In those years, there were frequent wars between Song and Jin.
The Mongol iron horse broke the Golden Army, besieged Jinzhongdu, and plundered Hebei, Shandong and other places. Jin Xuanzong was confused by the Mongols, and made a faint move, taking the advice of the minister to "take compensation from the Song", and instead divided his troops to attack the Southern Song, hoping to compensate for the territory occupied by the Mongol army, but did not take advantage of it, and completely broke with the Southern Song Dynasty.
After Chen Yu went to the front line to take up his post, the Mongols continued to pursue and intercept the Jin Dynasty, and sent envoys to the Southern Song Dynasty several times to jointly attack Jin, promising to redivide Henan afterwards.
Jin Aizong, who had ascended the throne after Jin Xuanzong, wanted to save the feelings of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he sent someone to tell Song Lizong: "The Mongols have destroyed the country for forty, and when the Western Xia is dead, they will come to destroy our Dajin, and when we die, it will surely bring disaster to the Song Dynasty." Cold lips and teeth, this is the principle of nature. If you unite with me and resist a strong enemy together, it will be good for you and me. ”
Faced with the different requests of the Mongols and Jins, the Southern Song Dynasty, despite the danger of cold lips and teeth, categorically rejected the proposals and suggestions of Emperor Aizong of Jin, and sent troops north to join Mongolia in destroying Jin.
In the first year of Duanping (1234), after the Battle of Caizhou, the Jin Dynasty collapsed.
The Southern Song Dynasty general Meng Jue made great contributions, and also went to Luoyang to pay homage to the tomb of the Northern Song Emperor.
At that time, the Song and Mongolia were quarreling over how to dispose of the territory of Henan, and the imperial court was going to send taichang Temple to worship and sweep the tombs of the Northern Song Emperor, but they had not yet left Lin'an, and when they heard that the Mongol army was going to attack Henan, they were too frightened to go out.
Meng Jue said, I sent a few fine horsemen to go, and it would be completed in less than ten days. After that, he traveled day and night to the Northern Song Dynasty's imperial tomb to "return home as a ceremony".
How exactly did the Song and Mongolian negotiations before the alliance divide Henan? Judging from the existing historical records, there are two theories: one is that the "Three Dynasties of the Song Dynasty" said that mongolia promised to return the land of Henan to the Southern Song Dynasty after the destruction of Jin; the other is that the "History of The Song" said that the two sides "about Chen Cai as the boundary".
Both of these accounts are suspicious, but the Northern Song Dynasty Sanjing (Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo, Henan Prefecture in Xijing, and GuideFu in Nanjing), the imperial tombs were all north of Chen (present-day Huaiyang, Henan) and Cai (present-day Runan, Henan), and the Southern Song government was certainly not willing to give in.
Therefore, a few months after the destruction of Jin, Song Lizong decided to go to the next city, and the Song army took the opportunity of the Mongol army to retreat north again with the purpose of recovering Sanjing.
After more than a hundred years, the Song army re-entered Fenjing, but after the Mengjin War, only more than a thousand residents were left in Fenjing, and the city wells along the road were broken, and the white bones were hidden in the wilderness, and even the grain could not be raised.
After the main forces led by Song Quanzicai and Zhao Kui arrived in Beijing, they were all in a crisis of food shortage.
All kinds of signs give people a sense of foreboding, as if they were a trap set by the Mongols.
Another Song army invaded Luoyang and found it to be an empty city. A few days later, the Song army ran out of food and could only feed on weeds, and was starving. At this time, the Mongol army quietly attacked Luoshui and launched a surprise attack on Luoyang, the Song army was powerless to resist, the dead and wounded were 89 out of 10, and the remnants fled back to the south.
Zhao Kui and Quan Zicai each had tens of thousands of troops, but they could not respond to the aid, and they also retired from Beijing. The battle to recover Sanjing ended in failure, leaving only a chicken feather, known in history as "Duanping into Luo".
When the Mongol army saw that the Song army was so weak, it was even more unwilling to give up, accusing the Southern Song Dynasty of "defeating the alliance" and going all the way south to drink the Yangtze River.
When the Southern Song Dynasty requested that the old coins be exchanged for peace, the Mongolian minister Yelü Chucai said a very famous sentence: "You only have a big river, and I will go to the horse's hooves, go up to the heavens, and go to the sea." ”
Song Meng was irredeemably moving toward a rupture, which was no longer a problem that Jin Bao could solve.
Duanping into Luo was the prelude to the Mongol-Song War, a war that lasted for nearly half a century, and thus began.
▲ Diaoyu City Ruins: During the Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty built a number of anti-Mongolian defense lines
5. The national pulse is as small as a wisp
With the failure of Duanping's entry into Luo, the Mongols moved south to Sichuan, Jingxiang, and Lianghuai.
At this time, Liu Kezhuang had been impeached again and sent to the grassroots level, but he kept hearing war reports on the border. He felt that the country's situation was in danger, and wrote "He Groom' National Pulse is As Small as a Wisp", hoping that Song Lizong would promote talents and save the country from peril:
The national pulse is like a wisp. Ask when will the long wisp start, and the binding will be the lord? There may not be no good men in the world, who is with a wider scale? Try to take a look at han 5 that year. If there is a Gucheng gongfu, he will not have met Li Shanmu. Talk and laugh, Two Rivers Road.
When he was young, he used to make a joint sentence. Sigh now climb the stairs to collect the mirror, the opportunity is frequently wrong. It is said that the north wind blows rapidly, and the ladder on the side is dancing repeatedly. Jun Mo Dao throws a whip and whispers, since ancient times a sage can make difficulties, there is a golden soup can not be Zhang Xu? Quick pen, Mo ti post.
There was no shortage of talents in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Cui He, an old minister of the Three Dynasties of the Past Dynasty, never patted the horse ass of the power minister, nor did he turn to the School of Science, and worked diligently for the officials in all posts, with many political achievements, which can be described as both moral integrity and ability, and was evaluated by the scholar Huang Zhen at the end of the Song Dynasty as the first person in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Cui has a famous saying: "There is no desire to kill oneself, no money to kill children and grandchildren, no political affairs to kill the people, no scholarship to kill the world and future generations." ”
But Song Lizong loves more bombastic theorists and beautiful little sisters.
Nevertheless, the spirit of worrying about the country and the people did not break away in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), another candidate was a high school champion. Song Lizong saw his name and said, "The auspiciousness of this heaven is Song Zhiruiye." Therefore, the candidate changed his name to Song Rui.
He will become the last wind bone of the Southern Song Dynasty more than twenty years later. This leader is Wen Tianxiang.
▲Portrait of Wen Tianxiang
In the last few years of Song Lizong's reign, the chancellor Jia Xiangdao monopolized power, and his power was comparable to that of Qin Ju and Shi Miyuan at that time.
In his later years, Song Lizong was already tired of the government, and he was powerless to prevent the powerful ministers from chaotic government, but only to protect his favored concubines and close ministers.
History is like a circle.
Both sons of Emperor Lizong of Song died prematurely, and he did not have heirs to inherit the throne until his old age, and refused to hand over power to outsiders.
In that year, when Yu Tianxi was looking for a candidate for the throne for Shi Miyuan, Zhao Yun's younger brother Zhao Yun of Song Lizong was also sent to the capital and later created the Prince of Rong.
Zhao and Rui have a son, a disabled person, born with incomplete development and extremely poor physique. Song Lizong could not let go of his selfishness, preferring to pass the throne to this physically defective nephew and adopt him as an adopted son rather than choose a good successor for the Song Dynasty.
This imperial nephew was the future Emperor Zhao Ofe, the father of the Three Young Emperors at the end of the Song Dynasty.
In the fifth year of Jingding (1264), Song Lizong died of illness, and in the same year, the elderly lyricist Liu Kezhuang returned to his hometown due to illness and bid farewell to the officialdom. He had been shouting all his life, tired, but unfortunately, few people listened.
The Ming Dynasty's "Records of the Zhou Dynasty" records that after the Mongol Yuan destroyed the Song Dynasty, the Tibetan Buddhist monk Yang Lian Zhenjia stole the tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty, dragged out the body of Song Lizong, and cut off his skull to make a drinking vessel.
It was not until the establishment of the Ming Dynasty that Zhu Yuanzhang found the skull in the imperial palace of the Yuan Dynasty and buried it in the southern Song Dynasty. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has inherited the ideological legacy of Song Lizong.
Song Lizong reigned for forty years, leaving behind an unprecedented crisis, and an era that belonged to the science of science.