What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, was created by Tang Yao to seal Pengzu in the state of Dapeng, which was the capital of the state of Dapeng and was destroyed by the King of Shang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Peng Chengyi belonged to the Song Dynasty. As an important city in the Song Dynasty, Pengcheng often became the target of contention among the princes.
In December 207 BC, Xiang Yu led a group of princes to break through the Hangu Pass, destroyed the Qin state, established himself as the king of Western Chu, built the capital Pengcheng, and divided the country into eighteen kingdoms as overlords, and divided them into princes, generals, and kings. However, why did Xiang Yu she live in Xianyang and the capital Pengcheng?
When Xiang Yu entered Xianyang and burned the Qin Palace, a lobbyist suggested that he stay in Xianyang, and his words were: "Guanzhong obstructs the mountains and rivers in all directions, and the land is fertile, but they are all hegemonic." This statement reveals that it is advantageous to set the capital Xianyang, but Xiang Yu categorically refuses and decides to return to the east.
However, there are also many people in history who have expressed positive opinions about Xiang Yuding's capital Pengcheng. Su Shi of the Song Dynasty said in the "Book of the Emperor of Xuzhou": "When Xiang Yu entered the pass, destroyed Xianyang and returned to the east, then the capital pengcheng, the husband with the majesty of yu, the xianyang and the pengcheng, then the danger of Pengcheng is solid, enough to be known to those who are willing to be the princes." The subject looks at its land, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and is hundreds of miles away from the Pingchuan River. West to liang song, so that the Chu people switch and extend the enemy, the timber officials to hair, suddenly riding clouds from, Zhenruo house on the building of water also. From the perspective of military strategy, Su Shi believed in Xiang Yu's great talent and grand plan, and believed that the move of fixing the capital Pengcheng was correct.
The reason why Xiang Yu moved the capital to Pengcheng from Xianyang can be analyzed from other aspects when there is more than one military perspective.
First of all, judging from the political situation at that time, after the Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the tyranny of the government provoked a great uprising against Qin, and the whole world denounced the Qin Dynasty as a tiger and a wolf. After the destruction of Qin, no one ever followed the example of Qin Shi Huang and claimed honor on his own, and adopted the method of "weak royal family and strong overlord" in Eastern Zhou to divide the princes. Although Xiang Yu actually had the right to dominate, he could not yet decide in form, although the King of Chu Huai had the false name of "Emperor Yi", but the King of Chu Huai was still in Pengcheng, naturally Xiang Yu still had to return to Pengcheng to show respect. Xiang Yu claimed to be the overlord of Western Chu and did not dare to think of himself as possessing all of Chu, which reflected Xiang Yu's political attitude.
Secondly, from the perspective of Xiang Yu's life and personality. Xiang Yu was the grandson of Xiang Yan, the last general of the Chu state. When he was ten years old, Xiang Yan was defeated by the Qin army and committed suicide. Xiang Yu's parents both died, and his uncle Xiang Liang took him to escape from the sea of blood and settle in Xiaxiang (present-day Suqian City). The last capital of the Chu state, Shouchun (present-day Shou County, Anhui), Xiang Yan's father and son martyrdom in Pu County (present-day Suzhou City), Xiaxiang and other places belonged to Western Chu, the hometown of Heshan, Yiguan, and language were familiar and close since childhood, Xiang Yu deeply missed Western Chu, saying: "Rich and noble do not return to their hometown, such as clothes embroidery night walking, who knows" The lobbyist did not understand Xiang Yu's psychology, and ridiculed him as a Mu monkey, of course, he was cooked.
The third reason: Pengcheng had always been the political and military center in the late Qin War. From here, King Huai of Chu issued orders and dispatched various large armies to defeat the Qin army and won a great victory. Pengcheng is an auspicious place and enjoys a lofty position in the minds of anti-Qin soldiers. Xiang Yu is destined to be here, which is inevitable. Moreover, the King of Chu Huai had an appointment in front: "The king who enters the fixed pass first." Since Liu Bang advanced into Xianyang and Xiang Yu was one step too late to openly breach the contract, only by fixing the capital Pengcheng and expressing respect for the covenant could he gain the initiative politically, and this decision was of strategic significance.
The fourth reason: Pengcheng is located in the Huanghuai Plain, with abundant products, "rice and wheat can be several years old when ripe", which is enough to provide military supplies. Xiang Yu pit killed hundreds of thousands of Qin descendants and burned the Afang Palace, deeply offending Guanzhong's father and elder, while Liu Bang won the favor of his father and elder with the "three chapters of the law", and the two were in stark contrast. Judging from the stakes and grievances, Xiang Yu only had the capital Pengcheng as the only choice.