The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
In Chinese history, the emperor himself went out many times to scold a deceased literati and used extreme mean words, and such things are probably not many, and Qianlong may be one of the few. Qianlong personally inscribed a poem to scold this person, saying:
Talk about righteousness in ordinary life, and the two surnames are kings.
The advances and retreats are all lost, and the article has no light.
It is really covered with urn wine, and it is often seen that the sachet is sachet.
The end of the road to escape Zen, originally Meng Balang.
The person scolded in Qianlong's poem is Qian Qianyi, a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. This poem was written in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong. As early as the previous year, Qianlong had decreed: "Qian Qianyi, a man of talent and no deeds, took the lead in surrendering in the former Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the reign of this dynasty. ”
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Qian Qianyi was politically one of the leaders of the Donglin Party and academically the leader of the literary circle of the "Four Seas Sect Alliance". According to the traditional concept of righteousness, Qian Qianyi should be martyred or a remnant, but he did not make such a choice, but after the Qing army occupied Nanjing, he chose to take the initiative to surrender, which made him despised by the people of the time.
It is said that his wife Liu Ru suggested that he commit suicide by throwing himself into the lake with Qian Qianyi when he was under the siege of Duoduo's army, but Qian Qianyi said that Shui Liang refused to implement it, I don't know if this legend is true, but it can be seen that the attitude of the people at that time towards Qian Qianyi.
After Hongguang fled, Qian Qianyi led the hundred officials of the Wen and Wu Dynasty out of the city to kneel and welcome Duo Duo into the city, and handed over to Jiangnan Jiali, who was the beauty of the Hongguang Emperor, and was appointed by the Qing court. However, what is puzzling is that soon after Qian Qianyi entered the Qing Dynasty, he retired from the forest, and many people at that time thought that he had attempted to succeed in his official ambitions, because Qian Qianyi was already a Shangshu in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and Qian Qianyi was only a waiter in the Qing Dynasty, and his official position was one level lower than that in the Ming Dynasty; some people speculated that it was because Qian Qianyi wanted to revise the history of the Ming Dynasty and did not achieve his wishes.
Although he only served as an official of the Qing Dynasty for a few months, the insults of the second minister were reversed, and some scholars who had prejudices against Qian Qianyi exaggerated this matter, such as the poem "Inscribed Tiger Hill Stone" named Chen Zilong that circulated at that time: "Entering Luo has been too strong, and the perch has met again on this day." The black head had long been ashamed of Jiang Zong, and Qing Shi He had used Cai Yong. In the past, he was fortunate to be generous and sink the white horse, and now he should repent of selling Lu Long. The most pitiful climbing zhang tai liu, haggard west wind asked Anon. ”
Judging from the frivolous and mean tone of this poem, it should not have been written by Chen Zilong, but Chen Zilong's protégé Wang Hu did write a poem similar to this style, and its poem is as follows: "Early see the descending flag out of the nine passes, and Zong Bo leads the chaoban." The white door willow is still folded, and the bald hair is preferable to the green beard" (Yushan willow branch word)). This poem satirizes Qian Qianyi's old age and shaved his hair, but he has not been reused, so he has to return to his hometown, and he can only face it with Willow with his bare scalp every day, and the tone is very mean.
The uniqueness of Qian's complex character is that those who deny him have reduced him to uselessness, while those who affirm him have lifted him to an unprecedented level. For example, Cheng Xianzhen in the early Qing Dynasty highly praised Qian Qianyi's character and learning: "In the past fifty years, everyone has said that Sven has not lost Mr. Lai. Lyrical loyalty is only for the sake of huailai fever, and argument is also because of the identification of fine."
Cheng Xianzhen believes that Qian Qianyi not only had the merit of reviving and weakening the literary style at that time, but also the content of the poems was mostly to express loyalty and enthusiasm. The same view as Cheng Xianzhen is Qian Qianyi's contemporary, huang Zongxi, a famous relict scholar. Huang Zongxi was Qian Qianyi's reading companion in his later years, and he was very close to each other, and it can be said that he was very familiar with Qian Qian's thoughts and behaviors in his later years.
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time