Song Zhezong Zhao Xu (xù) (1077-1100), formerly known as Zhao Servant, the seventh emperor of the Song Dynasty, for a whole 8 years, was a puppet emperor who did not hurt his uncle and did not love, after pro-government, the sick cat turned into a tiger, and the indispensable Western Xia was directly destroyed by him, but history was like a little girl's skin, only gave him 7 years, but he used these 7 years to amaze the whole Song Dynasty!
The seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Zhezong Zhao Xu
Zhao Xi (xù), formerly known as Zhao Feng ,熙宁九年(1077 AD) in Kaifeng Province, Tokyo, was the sixth son of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Zhao Huan (xū), the mother of Empress Dowager Zhu of Qincheng.
In the fifth year of Yuan Feng (1082 AD), he was made the king of Yan'an County.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085 AD), Emperor Shenzong of Song died, zhao servant changed his name to Zhao Xi, and was made a crown prince, and the empress dowager Gao Shi bowed to the government, yes, it was the "female Yao Shun" Gao Taotao.
Yuanyou party strife
When Song Shenzong was still alive, Empress Gao did not like to change the law and reform, and had to say the reason: it was wayward dislike. After she came to power, she appointed Sima Guang as chancellor, and Sima Guang used "the empress dowager changed her son from a mother (Shenzong)" as the theoretical basis for the abolition of the new law, and the new law was abolished one by one.
In 1085, Empress Gao abolished all new laws and reforms.
These reform measures include: the Fangtian Average Tax Law, the Municipal Yi Law, the Baoma Law, the Exemption Law (Restoration of Bad Service Law), the Bien Tiao Law...
These changes were the reforms painstakingly made by the chancellors Wang Anshi, Cai Qi, and Zhang Huan, who had worked hard to restore the vitality of the Northern Song Dynasty, and when these changes were first implemented, they encountered brainless opposition from the Yuanyou party, including the opposition of some civil servants, such as Su Shi, Su Rui, Fan Chunren, etc., but when these opposing ministers saw that the new law was all abolished, they were also very surprised, and they proposed to wait and see if the new law was effective before making plans, the imperial court ignored it, and the new law was still completely eliminated.
In 1086, Sima Guang died of illness.
In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1088 AD), Lü Gong wrote and went home to retire, and Lü Dafang and Fan Chunren were appointed as left and right ministers.
In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1089 AD), Fan Chunren, because of his many defenses against the officials of the New Party, was attacked by the Shuo Party and laid off.
In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1091 AD), Liu Zhi, the eldest brother of the Shuo Party, became the right minister, but because of his friendship with Cai Qing and Zhang Huan of the Reform Sect, he was caught and laid off.
Author Jun, History Fun Lesson:
1. The Yuanyou Party struggle, sincerely and brainlessly opposing the reform, only the Yuanyou old party members, many other courtiers at first really ate melon masses, for example: Su Shi, Su Rui, Fan Chunren, etc., but the Yuanyou old party, relying on Gao Taotao's support, misinterpreted its meaning, and expanded the scope and intensity of the blow.
2. There have been party strife in all dynasties and dynasties, but before this, everyone fought without breaking, that is to say, the dismissal, dethronement, and exile of officials, that is, it was enough, but this time the party struggle changed its nature, and the old party of YuanYou carried out a continuous and crazy suppression of all other non-party and new party people, tore through their faces, and directly moved the knife.
3. When there is no external pressure, internal strife begins, and the old party splits into three factions due to differences in political views and academic opinions, coupled with personnel turmoil:
Luoyang Party: headed by Cheng Yi, a Luoyang native, of the School of Science;
Shu Dang: led by Su Shi, a Native of Sichuan, the literati faction;
Shuo Dang: Led by The Hebei people Liu Zhi, Liang Tao, Wang Yansuo, Liu Anshi and others, this small group has the largest power and the largest number;
The three parties, all inheriting Sima Guang's legacy of abolishing the new law, were very powerful, especially the Luo and Shu parties, which were already in flames.
4. After Song Zhezong came to power, partisan strife had already begun for 8 years, and the economy and military of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time were abolished, and he simply did not have enough time to balance the party struggle.
5. The Yuanyou party struggle, at the beginning of the new party reform faction, is reasonable, even if it is Su Shi's Wutai poetry case, it is only a blow to him alone, but the old party, arbitrarily unreasonable, caught a little braid, is a shot to bring down a group of people, this kind of unending practice, for a whole 8 years, no one can stand it, so that the Yuanyou party has fought to the back, that is, you die and I live.
6. The Yuanyou party struggle, in the final analysis, is still the storm caused by Zhao Kuangyin: heavy literature suppresses martial arts! It is absolutely impossible for the world's readers, the vested interests of land annexation, and the powerful and powerful gentry to tolerate someone moving their interests, whether you are right or not, as long as you dare to move their interests, it is wrong, and when the Yuanyou Party won the pro-government of Song Zhezong, it has evolved into this nature.
7. As Empress Gao grew old, the members of the old party felt the pressure from Song Zhezong no matter how dull their brains were, and when Empress Gao was in danger, she said in front of Song Zhezong and the members of the old party: "The former emperor regrets the past, and as for crying, this matter should be well remembered by the officials." After the old man dies, there must be many people who come to instigate the official family, and they should not listen. ”
This means bluntly enough, that is, Song Zhezong is an admirer of Song Shenzong, and will definitely inherit his ideas, you old party members, usually do not take the emperor seriously, after the death of the old lady, I have a little eyesight, hurry home to farm, in order to save my life.
This wave of disputes during the Yuan Dynasty was actually carried out under the intervention of Empress Gao and listened to the government, and was exploited by the old party such as Sima Guang, ostensibly to suppress all reforms, but in fact to exclude dissidents, in the final analysis, it was a wave of emotional liquidation movements that took sides.
A party strife fire set off by Empress Gao burned for 8 years, and Song Zhezong's pro-government time was too short to extinguish this fire, so that this fire burned through the Northern Song Dynasty and burned the Southern Song Dynasty!
Puppet Emperor
Su Shi once said: The Haojie praised in ancient times all have the ability to control beyond ordinary people and can endure situations that ordinary people cannot tolerate.
From 1085 to 1093 AD, during the eight years that Empress Gao was pro-government, Emperor Zhezong of Song had no actual power.
Empress Gao, on the one hand, said that she was a woman and listened to the government, which was really helpless; on the other hand, she stubbornly grasped the power in her hands, and the important positions in the imperial court were all held by her cronies.
The positions of Empress Gao and Song Zhezong are face to face, that is to say, every time the court meeting, the ministers are facing Empress Gao with their backs to Song Zhezong, to put it bluntly, Song Zhezong has looked at the buttocks and backs of the ministers for 8 years, Song Zhezong is the son of heaven, the Ninth Five-Year Dignity, this practice is not destructive, the insult is extremely strong.
Song Zhezong, in these 8 years, will be embarrassed, will be angry, will be unwilling, but he knows very well how his throne came from, when Song Shenzong died, Song Shenzong's two younger brothers had the practice of launching a coup d'état, the voices of the court ministers were not uniform, and finally Empress Gao tried to exclude the public opinion, and his grandson inherited the throne, and at first he must have been full of gratitude.
Empress Gao's desire for power became more and more intense, in order to fear that Song Zhezong would accumulate strength, Empress Gao often arranged For Song Zhezong to sleep in her palace, and as he grew older, the stronger the resistance psychology became, he knew very well that his hair had not yet grown and he had no ability to compete with Empress Gao; he was like a dormant beast, quietly waiting for the opportunity to come, and also actively improving his ability.
In the court of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, the voice was not uniform, the courtiers each had their own small calculations, their own interests and small groups, Empress Gao was still able to hold back, Empress Gao attached great importance to the education of Song Zhezong, but Empress Gao did not understand how terrible the word rebellion, especially from the emperor's rebellion, was terrible.
One:
Song Zhezong often used an old table, and Empress Gao ordered someone to replace it, but soon after, the old table returned.
Empress Gao was very confused and asked him why he did this, and Song Zhezong replied: This is what the father emperor used.
When Empress Gao heard this answer, she was greatly saddened, and at the same time, she also understood that Song Zhezong must be deeply dissatisfied with herself, and even more afraid to give up her power.
Second:
Song Zhezong, when he was 9 years old, Empress Gao regent, one day, the Liao state came to the envoy, the minister Cai was afraid that the appearance and clothing of the Liao people would frighten the emperor if they were different from the Central Plains people, so he described the characteristics of the Liao people in detail to the emperor, you absolutely can't imagine, he actually spoke dozens of times.
Song Zhezong, during his speech, had always been silent, and when Cai Qing had shut up, he asked Cai Qing: Is the emissary of the Liao State a human being?
Cai Qing said: Although they are barbarians, they are definitely human.
Song Zhezong said: Since he is a human being, how can I be afraid of him?
Third:
During Empress Gao's reign, there were few ministers in the imperial court who looked up to Song Zhezong, and the prime minister at that time was Su Song, who saw the courtiers bullying Song Zhezong when he was young, and every time he played, he did not pay attention to Song Zhezong, and occasionally Song Zhezong spoke, and no one responded, treating him as air.
Every time Su Song played a role, he first spoke to Empress Gao once, and then to Song Zhezong, and when Song Zhezong wanted to express his opinion, he would definitely warn his subjects and obey the orders.
After Song Zhezong came to power, someone impeached Su Song, and Song Zhezong said: Su Song, the righteousness of the Ming Emperor, do not rashly discuss this old man.
Zhao Xu, the seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty
Shossy St. Shoshu
In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1093 AD), Empress Gao died, And Emperor Zhenzong of Song zhao Xu pro-government, what was the root cause of the Song Dynasty, he saw clearly, only through the reform of the law can solve all problems, for this reason, recalled Zhang Huan and all other reformers.
At that time, the imperial court, there has always been a problem of new and old multi-stranded party struggle, either the east wind overwhelms the west wind, or the west wind overwhelms the east wind, the young emperor is very strong, although others are old, but the imperial court after 8 years of Yuan You party struggle, the group of ministers attack each other is the norm, he reigned too short, failed to solve this problem.
Song Zhezong, after pro-government, inherited the legacy of Song Shenzong, implemented the new law, and the following year, changed the Yuan "Shaosheng".
Emperor Zhezong of Song recalled the important new faction that Emperor Shenzong relied on, so that Wang Anshi's measures to change the law were implemented, which greatly reduced the burden on the peasants, and caused the weakened national strength to rebound and the national strength to improve.
When Zhang Wei was the prime minister, he reported the work plan to the emperor, and Song Zhezong saw that there were many plans in the Yuanyou period, and he was very surprised to know that Song Zhezong was opposed to all The Yuanyou policies.
Song Zhezong said: "Is there also something desirable about Yuan you? ”
Zhang Wei replied: Take the good one.
Zhang Huan, who was a unique minister during the 7 years of Song Zhezong's pro-government, because his mind was very generous and he could look at problems pertinently, the political atmosphere of the imperial court was still relatively clear.
You officials must not forget that Zhang Huan is after 8 years of demeaning career, he is the prime minister, but also by people to be treated with emphasis, for the old party, everything, can still maintain a rational and pertinent view, in the history of the two Song Dynasties, how many can do it? He could no longer tolerate much, just don't get in the way, otherwise, he could kill people.
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1098 AD), a heavy minister requested the imperial court to set up a special department to review the cases of the Yuan Yu period, which actually meant to expand the party struggle.
Because this practice, in the period of each emperor in the dynasties and dynasties, can be said to be a politically correct approach, to put it bluntly, it is a dynasty of sons and a courtier, which has led to the fact that the change of law is not deep, and the progress of social reform is very small.
Two defeats in Western Xia
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, the Northern Song Dynasty achieved some victories in its war against Western Xia. After Emperor Shenzong's death, Empress Gao and the conservative Sima Guang took charge of the family, and with a big wave of their hands, the four villages of Mizhi, Futu, Yelu, and Anjiang were returned to Western Xia.
After Song Zhezong came to power, he insisted: The country's territory cannot be infringed upon, and national dignity is the principle of fighting; first restore the new law, and then use the new law to organize a large number of powerful troops, stop all peace talks, and reconstruct the northwest defense system.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were three threatening forces: one was the Western Xia established by Li Yuanhao; the second was the Great Liao established by Yelü Deguang; and the third was the Jin State established by Yan Akuta.
Battle of Hongdecheng (initial)
In the seventh year of Yuan You (1092 AD), Empress Dowager Liang of Western Xia, leading hundreds of thousands of troops, launched a powerful offensive along the Maling River (present-day Huanjiang) and encircled Huanzhou (present-day Huan County) and its villages of Wulan, Suyuan, Hongde, and Yonghe, forty miles northwest of it.
Song Zhezong, who had never considered negotiating peace at all, reused "Zhang Rao" as the main person in charge of the battlefield to meet the Western Xia Legion, and he himself was ready for the "Imperial Conquest".
Zhang Rao, who commanded the law and dispatched well, defeated Western Xia in this battle, and Empress Liang became the commander of the Light Pole to escape.
Battle of Pingxia City (First)
From the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1093 AD) to the second year of Shaosheng (1095 AD), Song Zhezong boldly appointed hard-line ministers such as Lü Huiqing to preside over the defense of the northwest and rebuild the defense system of the northwest.
In the third year of Shaosheng (1096), Lü Huiqing, with the support of Song Zhezong, carried out many military crusades against Western Xia, 14 consecutive counterattacks, the Northern Song Finally recovered part of its territory, Western Xia was also beaten up, and organized a large army of 500,000 people to counterattack, but failed.
In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), Zhang Rao, while gathering troops to harass, built two cities on the other: Pingxia City and Lingping Village.
Battle of Pingxia City (Second)
In the eighth year of YuanFeng (1085), western Xia began to be constantly rubbed, and the Song army built a series of military facilities in western Xia territory, gradually encroaching on western Xia territory.
In the first year of the Yuan Fu (1098), Empress Liang commanded a large army, known as a million troops, in fact, a half-fold and then a 20% discount, it is estimated that it is the real data, the result is that the Northern Song Dynasty pressed on the ground and rubbed fiercely.
In the second year of yuan fu (1099 AD), the Northern Song Dynasty reconstructed the two roads of Jingyuan and Xihe to complete the fortifications of Huizhou and the remaining three fortresses, and in the same year, under the mediation of the Liao state, the Western Xia negotiated peace, and the Northern Song and Western Xia established new borders.
Through these several major battles, the main army of Western Xia was slaughtered, and it was precisely for this reason that Western Xia was "devastated" from then on, and there was no capital to turn over, followed by the famous general Meng Jue to unite with the Liao state and perish.
Collect Qingtang
Also known as the Battle of Hehuang and Wang Hou's acquisition of qingtang, it was one of the rare climaxes of the border expansion movement in the middle and late period of the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the war between the Great Song And the Western Xia, Tubo was eager to move, encroaching on Qingtang and occupying Hehuang; Song Zhezong decided to restart the Battle of Hehuang, taking advantage of the division within Qingtang Tubo, and decided to send troops to the Qingtang dynasty, with the full support of the chancellor Zhang Huang.
From the second year of Yuan Fu (1099 AD) to the third year of Yuan Fu (1100 AD), the political structure of the Northern Song Court changed, and the edict abandoned Yanzhou and Huangzhou to "take The Tubo", and then, after nearly ten months, finally took Qingtang and occupied Hehuang.
Later, due to the long line of battle, the supply of supplies in the rear was not timely, and it encountered resistance from Tubo.
During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song and Chongning, Wang Hou once again led an army to retake Huangzhou, Yanzhou, and Kuzhou.
God is jealous of the Lord
When the author Jun mentioned the two Song dynasties, the most he said was to consider the overall regional, cultural, economic, and social atmosphere of the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as the overall thinking of the imperial court, but for Song Zhezong, the author Jun wanted to say "pity"!
Among the Zhao emperors in the history of the two Song Dynasties, zhen really did not know what "fear" was, in addition to the Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, there was another one, that is, Song Zhezong.
Borrow another five hundred years from heaven?
Nope! As long as you give him another 30 years, or 20 years, and give him another 10 years, the Liao Kingdom will also follow in the footsteps of Western Xia and be destroyed by him.
The author Jun said: Zhao Kuangyin's genes may not be good, you look at the two Song Dynasty emperors, either mentally ill, or sexually impotent and no heirs left, or weak and sickly, Zhao Kuangyin himself how to look like a situation such as high blood pressure caused by violent death, Song Zhezong Zhao Xu, his body has always been unruly.
In the second year of Yuan Fu (1099), Song Zhezong, because of the death of his son, was grief-stricken, and quit the dynasty for 3 days; after that, the younger daughter also died of a violent illness, and quit the dynasty for 3 days, and the double blow of losing his flesh and blood relatives directly aggravated his condition.
In the third year of Yuan Fu (1100 AD), Zhao Xu, seriously ill, was unable to ascend to the dynasty.
In the same year, in February, Zhao Xi died at the Funing Temple, only twenty-five years old, reigning for fifteen years.
In the history of the two Song Dynasties, Song Zhezong's pro-government time was too short, especially without a sense of existence, why do you say so?
His father was Song Shenzong, the first to change the law in the Song Dynasty, and his successor was Song Huizong, and this lord had created a Jing Kang shame, a liufang hundred generations, and a stink for ten thousand years, and he would rule for a few years, and if he gave a little more time, there was really nothing wrong with such a bad regime as the Southern Song Dynasty.
Song Zhezong, absolutely can be said to be a wise and divine martial artist, inheriting the legacy of his father Song Shenzong, reforming and changing the law and trying to be stronger, in order to restore the glory of the Great Song Dynasty in the past; it is about "deep love is not long-lived, and hui ji will be hurt", he died too early, and there are no heirs left, so that Song Huizong, who played frivolously, "the shame of Jingkang" ruined the great rivers and mountains of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Zhezong, who was capable of appointing people, reused a large number of people with real talents and practical learning, such as Zhang Wei, to restore the New Deal, which made the Great Song Dynasty's national strength grow day by day; the imperial court used troops many times, not only without signs of collapse, but even won a great victory.
Song Zhezong, God only gave him 7 years, but in a limited time, he destroyed western Xia, recovered the Qingtang area, and trained a wave of strong troops to maintain the national territorial unity, which amazed the entire Great Song Dynasty!