Throughout the long history of ancient times, the person who can exist like a god is none other than "Guan Yu". The reason why Guan Yu is so special is not only because he has been passed down through the ages, but also because there are two special features in Guan Yu's body. One is that Guan Yu is a typical representative of loyalty and righteousness, and the existence of imperial temples is relevant all over the mainland, and many people regard Guan Yu as the god of "Guan Gong" and worship him. It seems that as long as there is a place where Chinese is present, there will be people who worship Guan Yu. Another special feature is that Guan Yu is the first general of the Three Kingdoms and is highly skilled in martial arts. Even the great leader Chairman Mao studied Guan Yu very thoroughly.
Chairman Mao proposed: Guan Yu was not surnamed Guan
As we all know, Chairman Mao grew up in his grandmother's parents in his childhood, and he and his cousin Wen Yunchang had a very good relationship since childhood. When he was a child, Chairman Mao liked to read a lot of books, and Wen Yunchang's family treasured many typical masterpieces, so Chairman Mao often borrowed books from his cousin, and the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was Chairman Mao's favorite work. Chairman Mao has thoroughly studied the various heroes in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Guan Yu is one of them. At the beginning, Chairman Mao also raised an issue that few people in the academic circles paid attention to: "Guan Yu was not originally surnamed Guan. ”
After the founding of New China, the whole country was in the midst of a hundred wastes waiting to be rebuilt, and at this time, with regard to the development and construction of New China, economic recovery was the most important thing. In 1954, Chairman Mao came to Hangzhou to inspect the work and asked Wang Fang, a local worker accompanying him: "Guan Yu, are you familiar with this character?" Hearing Chairman Mao's inadvertent question, Wang Fang immediately nodded, and then Chairman Mao asked, "Since you are familiar with it, do you know why Guan Yu is not surnamed Guan?" "Guan Yu is not surnamed Guan?" Wang Fang never seemed to think about this question, and Chairman Mao's question surprised him. Chairman Mao then explained to him the allusion that Guan Yu was not surnamed Guan:
Guan Yu was full of righteousness, and when he was killed in his hometown because of the unevenness of fighting for others, Guan Yu soon became the object of the government's wanted. In desperation, Guan Yu could only choose thirty-six counts to go up - to escape. When I ran to Tongguan, it was less than five days ago, the city gate was not opened, and the helpless Guan Yu had to wait. When he stayed up until dawn, Guan Yu was worried again. He found that whenever he went in and out of the city, there were people from the government checking their identities.
Compared with other places, Tongguan was an extremely important transportation artery at that time, and people in the government often set up cards here. Since it is a registered name, if you write your real name, you will definitely be arrested, Guan Yu is in a hurry, looking at the high city gate, thinking, I might as well close the surname, and then Guan Yu registered a pseudonym "Guan Yu", and in fact, Guan Yu's real name is Feng Xian! The allusion that Guan Yu was not surnamed Guan is not clear to many relevant historical scholars, which shows that Chairman Mao's understanding of Guan Yu is very thorough.
However, for Guan Yu's evaluation, in fact, Chairman Mao also had subtle changes. In the different stages of Guan Yu's life, Chairman Mao gave him different evaluations. When Chairman Mao was on a study tour on foot, on his way through the county town of Anhua, Chairman Mao saw a pavilion pillar on the side of the road with a couplet praising Guan Yu written on it, and then Chairman Mao copied the contents of this in his own book. It can be seen that in Chairman Mao's youth, the image of Guan Yu in his mind was still very tall.
Mao Zedong's "Guan Yunchang" was sharp during the Autumn Harvest Uprising
In 1927, after the failure of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, due to the extremely cruel military struggle and the fact that the troops had just been formed, there were many subordinates who confronted their superiors and did not obey the management, and there were many deserters. At this critical juncture, Chairman Mao made up his mind to form an organized, disciplined, and developing force. If Chairman Mao himself is relied upon, his energy is limited.
Therefore, in order to find someone to assist him, Chairman Mao suddenly thought of Zhang Ziqing, who had followed him to participate in the autumn harvest uprising, and it can be said that Zhang Ziqing was personally cultivated by himself, although he later became a battalion commander, but unfortunately, in the battle, he lost contact with Zhang Ziqing. This time, Chairman Mao came to Jinggangshan in the hope that Zhang Ziqing could be found as soon as possible.
Zhang Ziqing
Because they waited for several days without moving, the people around them said to Chairman Mao: "Now that many of the scattered troops have returned, it is estimated that he has not heard from him for so many days, and 80% of the people who have not seen his shadow have defected to the enemy." After hearing this, Chairman Mao not only did not get angry, but said firmly: "Zhang Ziqing, I know him very well, I will not." During the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Yunchang and Liu Bei also lost contact, Cao Cao in order to keep Guan Yunchang for his own use, can be described as painstaking, and finally learned that Liu Bei had news, Guan Yunchang immediately got up and resolutely left Cao Cao, who had millions of officers and soldiers, and after five levels and six will return to Liu Bei's side. Zhang Ziqing is Guan Yunchang among our party members and cadres. Sure enough, Chairman Mao was very accurate in seeing people, and within a few days, Zhang Ziqing returned with his troops, and Chairman Mao said excitedly: "Ziqing, you are our contemporary Guan Yunchang, who has returned to our side." ”
Guan Yu's shortcomings are one: defeating Maicheng is not as good as Boss Peng
When Chiang Kai-shek launched the third anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the entire Jinggangshan base area was in trouble. In order to reopen a new revolutionary base area, Chairman Mao decided to let the Red Fifth Army remain in Jinggangshan, and it was General Manager Peng who served as the commander of the Red Fifth Army. On the occasion of leaving, Chairman Mao said to Mr. Peng: "I will leave you a senior general, he is Zhang Ziqing, but don't underestimate him, he is Guan Yunchang, who has passed five levels and cut six generals." At the critical juncture of life and death of the revolution, Chairman Mao made an analogy of Guan Yunchang, which is enough to show that Guan Yunchang's status in Chairman Mao's mind is very high.
Of course, Chairman Mao has always been clear about Guan Yunchang's evaluation, after all, no one in this world is perfect. Throughout Guan Yu's life, he also has shortcomings, such as Guan Yu's defeat of Maicheng. When Chairman Mao led the revolutionary contingent to northern Shaanxi, during a day of rest, Chairman Mao and the guards chatted idly, and the guards told Chairman Mao: "I am a native of Hebei. Chairman Mao said: "The people of Hebei are good, and they follow the party to carry out the revolution." ”
Subsequently, the guards became proud: "We Hebei people fight and fight one game at a time, and we are all able to fight." "I can't see it, wasn't the famous Hebei humanistic ugliness of the Three Kingdoms period also killed by Guan Yu, and this Guan Yu is not from Hebei." Hearing Chairman Mao say this, the guards replied unconvincingly: "I don't think the Shanxi people can do it, Guan Yunchang lost maicheng, he is not as good as our Boss Peng, but Boss Peng is three battles and three victories." After hearing this, Chairman Mao burst out laughing and constantly praised: "Guan Yunchang is indeed inferior to our Boss Peng." ”
Guan Yu's second shortcoming: he was arrogant and arrogant, and did not understand united front work
In January 1941, the Anhui Southern Incident broke out, when the New Fourth Army did not break through the siege, but was completely encircled and suppressed by the Kuomintang troops, and nearly 6,000 people in our army were captured or killed. Many people were extremely angry about this incident, and even many suggested that they should take out complete revenge on Chiang Kai-shek.
For the sake of the overall situation of the war of resistance, Chairman Mao gave the example of Guan Yu who did not understand united front work, and Chairman Mao said: "Guan Yu was loyal and righteous all his life, and he once went through five levels and beheaded six generals, and he was invincible. Although he was very powerful, Guan Yu was very arrogant and arrogant. If Guan Yu had modestly agreed to Sun Quan's courtship to him, perhaps Guan Yu and Sun Quan would have become relatives long ago, and the political alliance between the two would not have lost Jingzhou. Moreover, he could directly attack Fan Cheng and directly capture Cao Ren alive, if Guan Yu had directly promised Sun Quan, he would not have arrogantly said that Wu Hu's daughter could marry a dog, but would have changed it to an honor. After the expansion of power, it will become the two largest in the political marriage. Guan Yu despised Sun Quan, and naturally would not play cards according to common sense to carry out the principles and tactics of joining forces with Wu and resisting Cao, and Guan Yu, who did not care about the overall situation, did not understand what united front work was at all. ”
The Anhui Incident launched by Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang made the Communist Party at that time face two choices, the first of which was to continue to unite the two sides and drive Japanese imperialism out of China. The second was a complete break with the Kuomintang, the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the outbreak of civil wars. Under this difficult choice, the great leader Chairman Mao understood that Guan Yu did not understand the importance of losing Jingzhou in the united front, and finally made the great decision of the Kuomintang and the Communists to cooperate against foreign enemies. After the Anhui Incident, in order to allow the united front work to continue, the Communist Party made concessions and made Ye Ting, a non-party figure, the commander of the New Fourth Army.
Members
After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao often used "Guan Yu defeated and took Maicheng" as a typical example, and always reminded the vast number of high-ranking cadres to be modest and not to learn from Guan Yu's arrogance and arrogance. In Chairman Mao's later years, Guan Yu's image in his mind changed, and Chairman Mao's attitude toward Guan Yu was negated at this time, and in Chairman Mao's view, Guan Yu's image was completely blown out by the ruling class.
Throughout Chairman Mao's life, in his youth, the evaluation of Guan Yu was recognized, because Guan Yu's life was loyal. However, after the Anhui Incident and the kuomintang civil war, in chairman Mao's eyes, Guan Yu was conceited and arrogant. Chairman Mao studied the character of Guan Yu very thoroughly, and he also reminded the people of the world at all times not to learn from Guan Yu's defeat of Maicheng, the loss of Jingzhou, and his pride and complacency, and finally commanded himself to brew bitter fruits.