I am Tang Di, a history buff. Welcome everyone [attention] I, let's talk about the past and the present, and discuss the general trend of the world. Gentleman I, just to learn and make friends!
Zhuge Liang was lying high in the middle of the dragon, claiming that he "lived his whole life in a chaotic world, and did not seek to reach the princes", but in fact he "hid the instrument in his body" and had great ambitions.
He once said to his close friends Shi Tao, Xu Shu, and Meng Jianyun: "The three qing people can go to the assassin history and the county shouye." When the three men asked Zhuge Liang keshi what kind of official he was, "bright but smiling but not speaking."
What about the one who laughs and doesn't say anything? Officials such as Gein Thorn History and Gun Shou were not in Zhuge Liang's eyes, and his great ambitions were difficult to tell people.
Zhuge Liang embraced the talents of the world and the earth, "every self-comparison with Guan Zhong and Le Yi". However, Guan and Le did not build up the merits of the world, and the officials were only the generals under the princes. Zhuge Liang has lofty ambitions, and his self-comparison and music are likely to be only the lower goals he pursues.
In terms of the situation at that time, Zhuge Liang was not excluded and also had the ambition to compete for the world and establish the cause of kingship.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Gangchang was abolished, and various princes raised troops one after another, saying that the number of lonely people was innumerable. Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and others all had the ambition to annex the Eight Wastes, encompassing Yunei and sweeping away the four seas. Is Zhuge Liang inferior to them, and can only be a subject, but not a king?
Unfortunately, because Zhuge Liang came out of the mountains too late (more than twenty years later than Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Bei and others), Zhuge Liang did not come out of Longzhong, "Cao has a million people, blackmailing the Son of Heaven and ordering the princes, Sun Quan has owned Jiangdong, has been in the third generation, the country is dangerous and the people are attached, and the meritocracy can be used for it." "
The remaining warlords, such as Liu Biao, who was in Jingzhou, "had thousands of miles in the land and more than 100,000 armor", Liu Zhangzhan Yizhou, Zhang Lu shou Hanzhong, and Ma Teng and Han Sui claimed dominance over Guan Long.
The land of the thirteen states of the Eastern Han Dynasty has been divided up by the various states and counties. Zhuge Liang had lost his self-reliance and became the best time to dominate the princes on one side. If Zhuge Liang, who has the talent of the world, wants to establish merit and climb the peak of power, the only way is to choose the lord and do things, which is a second choice for Zhuge Liang, but similar to Sima Yi, it is still an important opportunity to achieve his political goals.
What needs to be discussed is what is the political criterion for Zhuge Liang's "choice of lord"?
In my opinion, Zhuge Liang's criteria for consideration are nothing more than two:
First, the lord must have great talent; second, he must become the humerus of the lord of man, and be specially valued by the lord of man.
From the "Longzhong Pair", it can be seen that Zhuge Liang has long been aware of the heroes of the world, and it is clear at a glance.
Liu Biao, Liu Zhang, Zhang Lu, Ma Teng, and other lulu people were not in his consideration at all, and the only heroes and lords in Zhuge Liang's mind were Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei.
From the perspective of the political structure at that time, the most likely to unify the world was of course Cao Cao, so why did Zhuge Liang give up this choice?
I thought that this was not Cao Cao's "name han xiang, but actually a han thief", zhuge liang wanted to be "incompatible with the han thief".
The most important reason for Zhuge Liang's abandonment of Cao Cao was that considering that the Central Plains, especially in Runan, Yingchuan, and other places, were full of talented people, and after Cao Cao pacified the north, it was no longer comparable to when he first started his army, and his hegemonic government was indeed a fierce general like rain, and his courtiers were like clouds, and it was not easy for the fledgling Zhuge Liang to stand out in Cao Cao's hegemonic palace, and Zhuge Liang was sober enough about this situation.
When his close friend Meng Jian was homesick and wanted to go to the Central Plains to seek merit, Zhuge Liang dissuaded him: "Chinese Rao Shi Dafu, why travel to the hometown evil." Later, when Zhuge Liang learned that Xu Shu was serving as the general of Zhonglang and Yushi Zhongcheng, and Shi Tao was appointed as the commander of the county and the lieutenant of the Diannong School, he could not help but sigh: "Wei Shu is evil, and He Pi and the two are useless!"
For Xu and Shi's unsuccessful careers (the two officials to two thousand stones, how can it be said that Cao Wei did not reuse it), but it is not fortunate that they did not vote for Wei!
With Zhuge Liang's wise eyes, of course, he knew that Sun Quan was also the lord of xiongluo, and his brother Zhuge Jin also served in Eastern Wu, but why did Zhuge Liang not go to Jiangdong?
In fact, this question is not incomprehensible, as Zhuge Liang said in the "Descending Pair": "Sun Quan has Jiangdong, has been in the third century, the country is dangerous and the people are attached, and the meritocracy can be used for it." “
Sun Quan's shogunate was full of talents, zhang zhao, Zhou Yu, and others had long since become important ministers of the Sun regime, and Zhuge Liang was deeply afraid that once he defected to Jiangdong, he would still be a useless place for heroes.
For this reason, when Zhang Zhao recommended Zhuge Liang to Lord Wu, Liang categorically refused: "General Sun can be described as a human lord, but judging by his degree, he can be virtuous but not fully bright, and I will not stay." ”
Why did Zhuge Liang finally choose Liu Bei?
Liu Bei's great talent and knowledge of people and good responsibilities are naturally an important condition for Zhuge Liang to choose the Lord. Coupled with Liu Bei's thirst, The Three Gu Maolu, Zhuge Liang "by is grateful, so Xu Xiandi to drive away."
In addition, the most talked about by political commentators in the past is that Zhuge Liang has a Han room in his heart, and his combination with Liu Bei is mainly based on the support of Liu Anhan.
"Han Zuo will fall, Fang will praise Zongjie, and xingwei will continue to regain his mission." This material of Pei's notes has been cited by many historians to argue that Zhuge Liang had the "heart of the ancestors" and that it was his duty to "revive the Han Dynasty". I do not agree with this analysis.
Since the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, foreign relatives and eunuchs have taken turns to monopolize the government, the government has become increasingly corrupt, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo has been chaotic warlords and warlords, the Han family court has been lingering, dying, history said: "Since Emperor An has come, the government has gone to the office, the number of national unifications, as for the present, only the name, the ruler of the land and the people, are not Han, the period of fortune has been exhausted for a long time, and the end of the years has ended." ”
As for the situation at the end of the Han Dynasty, how could Zhuge Liang, who was well versed in "personnel affairs" and "heavenly ways," not know?
In the society of the two Han Dynasties, the prevalence of the Five Virtues has always been said, when everyone knows that the Yanhan Huode has declined, Tude will replace it, and Zhuge Liang, who has the crown of the world, does not believe in "calendar numbers" and "period luck"! In fact, Zhuge Liang's reason for not doing anything to Sun Quan is very clear, that Sun Quan "can be virtuous but not fully bright."
It is not that Sun Quan's surname is "Sun", not "Liu". However, why did Zhuge Liang have to assist Liu Bei, who "fled in a brigade, sent people to the fence, and had no land to establish a career"?
Many political commentators in ancient and modern times do not seem to have delved into the secret, and most of them believe that Zhuge Liang has a Han room in mind and does not care about Liu Bei's lack of military strength and talent resources, but thinks that the combination of Liu and Ge is a combination of interests.
In fact, the reason for this is very mysterious, Liu Bei's disadvantages and shortcomings are precisely the advantages and strengths in Zhuge Liang's eyes.
Just imagine, if Liu Bei and Cao Cao were as extensive as Cao Cao and had a large number of talents, Zhuge Liang could still be used in a special way? It was precisely because Liu Bei's military generals were only Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun; the ministers were only Mi Zhu, Sun Qian, Jian Yong, and a few others. The lack of talents of Liu Bei's group, which was "desperate between the journeys", was so scarce that Zhuge Liang provided a broad space and sufficient platform for Zhuge Liang to display his talents.
Zhuge Liang's conditions for coming out of the mountain are very high, and the lord of man must not only achieve "sage", but also "exhaust", and the meaning of the words "sage" and "exhaustion" is profound and long, and it must be understood.
The so-called "sage" is to regard Zhuge Liang as a "sage", and the highest standard for treating "sage" is nothing more than treating him as a "national soldier"
, just like in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Bo waited for Yu Rang, and during the Warring States period, King Yan Zhao treated Guo Kui. In Zhuge Liang's view, this is still far from enough. And "full of light" is difficult to express the meaning of one or two sentences.
Zhuge Liang has a very high self-esteem, although he is young and just emerging, he is not willing to start from the grassroots level of "Lower Cao", but must start from a high starting point.
Since we must "do our best" to give full play to our bright talents, the lord of man must of course regard it as a heart of the humerus, give him a heavy and important position, and obey his words.
With the rise of the Qing Deliberations at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a situation in which the pirates resisted anger and the virgins discussed arbitrarily, and it became the custom of the time for the scholars to taste each other and to flaunt each other. When Zhuge Liang was lying high in The Middle School, although he was pushed by Xu Shu, Sima Hui, Pang Degong and other celebrities, and had a certain popularity in Xiangyang, there were still many people who did not think so, Liang "every time he compares himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, when people are Mo Zhi Xuye.".
Only a few of his friends in the circle of contacts, "Boling Cui Zhouping, Yingchuan Xu Shuyuanzhi and Liang are friendly, said to be trustworthy", as for the northern Central Plains region is even less aware of it, it can be said that he is still an obscure "township scholar".
Before Zhuge Liang came to prominence, he asked the human master to use him to "fully shine", and the "psychological price" of his coming out of the mountain was so high that it was impossible for Cao Cao and Sun Quan, who were extremely rich in human resources, to be satisfied at the beginning.
As for Liu Xuande, it was different. Although Liu Bei was a general of the left and a mu of Yuzhou (Han system, the general and the state pastor could open the government to govern), but Liu Bei's "shogunate" was empty, and there was a shortage of ministers, Zhao Yiyun: "It was the time when the talent had been exhausted for the wei and Wu kingdoms, so there were fewer people. ”
Zhuge Liang had a far-sighted vision, and it was Liu Bei's "advantage" that other princes could not compare with, so "Xu Xiandi was driving away".
In short, Zhuge Liang's choice of lord was not only a wise man, but also made the best plan for his political future, so I was quite dismissive of the traditional view that Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in supporting Liu Against Cao and restoring the Han Dynasty.
I think that the main political consideration of Zhuge Liang's choice of lord is conducive to his own establishment of merit, and whether the main surname is Liu cao or sun is not the main issue. Not only Zhuge Liang, but in fact, Liu Bei raised an army and established the Shu Han regime, but also under the banner of the Han Dynasty, he wanted to be emperor, which was no different from Cao Cao and Sun Quan.
As for Zhuge Liang's later remarks in the "Table of Renunciation" before and after zhuge liang, "Han and thieves are not separated" and "reviving the Han room", that is nothing more than a political slogan called for capital.
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