To say that the king of the subjugated country is versatile, Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty of the five generations, is a typical figure.
Li Yu (937–978), Chongguang, was the sixth son of Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Originally, according to the succession system of the feudal imperial family, he had no chance to ascend to the emperor's throne, and according to his own wishes and talents, he only hoped to be a talent who danced and inked.
Li Jing was a famous lyricist, Li Yu inherited his father's style, and the literati habits and aristocratic style were well displayed in him.
He was well versed in music, good at words, good at painting, and a famous collector of art.
In particular, his lyrics are of epoch-making value in the history of Chinese literature and have always been widely recited.
Li Yu has loved calligraphy since childhood, and has created the art of calligraphy that is called the "golden wrong knife" in the history books.
The works were still handed down to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were nine paintings that were included in the "Xuanhe Pictorial Spectrum", but unfortunately, after the Northern Song Dynasty, it was not able to let posterity feast their eyes.
Li Yugong was good at calligraphy and painting, good at tasting, so he also loved to collect, and with the power and financial resources of the emperor, he received a lot of Danqing ink treasures from generation to generation in his lifetime.
He also attached great importance to the tasting and collection of the Four Treasures of the Literary Room, and was particularly fond of the world-famous Li Tingjue Ink, Chengxintang Paper and Longwei Yan during the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Most of these three literary tools were produced in the area of Shexian County, Huizhou at that time, and were actually the predecessors of later hui ink, rice paper and sheyan.
Li Yu has made great contributions to the protection and inheritance of these three traditional crafts of the motherland, which should be remembered by future generations.
However, he also committed the same crime as Emperor Yuan of Liang, and on the day when the Northern Song army captured Jinling, he ordered people to burn the calligraphy and paintings of the Inner Province to ashes, leaving his descendants with infinite pain.
After Li Yu was captured and went north, whenever he recalled the situation of his past life, he more or less felt guilty, which can be seen from some of his later lyrics.
According to the Song Dynasty's "Western Qing Poetry", when the Northern Song Army pressed the border, Li Yu "composed the words "Linjiang Immortal" in the besieged city, and the city was destroyed before it was completed."
When Song Taizu learned of this, he once said to his courtiers: "If Li Yu governs the country by composing poetry and kung fu, he will be captured by me." ”
According to reports, when Zhao Kuangyin first saw Li Yu, he also said: "A good Hanlin bachelor." ”
Fate is such a trickery, but let the talent become the king, the dislocation of the role of life not only brought tragedy to them personally, but also caused irreparable disasters to the country and nation.
Li Yu was the last ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty. When he ascended the throne, the southern Tang dynasty was already in decline, and this cowardly lord of the country was always feeling the threat of national destruction and family destruction.
He hated the oppression of the Song Dynasty, but he did not have the ability to use force to compete with the Song Dynasty, as long as he could be a small state and be partial, he was willing to pay tribute to the subjects and eventually become a prisoner of the order.
Li Yu was also the last king who died in Jinling, and it was inevitable that he would be reprimanded and criticized by later generations.
However, the reasons for Li Yu's fall should be analyzed in detail, and as far as the Southern Tang Kingdom was concerned, it was impossible for him not to die.
Theoretically, the situation and historical development trend of the whole of China at that time required the demise of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty; In fact, the Southern Tang dynasty was already defeated, and Li Yu was unable to return to heaven even if he had the ability.
What's more, the national policy had already made mistakes, and a year before Li Yu succeeded to the throne, his father Li Jing had already declared himself a vassal of the Song Dynasty due to the decline of the country, and reduced the system of tribute.
The situation in which the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty was already decided, and Li Yu could only adopt a policy of passive observance of the throne.
Although Li Yu's Southern Tang Dynasty faced difficulties of one kind or another, after all, he maintained the regime for 15 years, and in the days when he was captured, he never forgot his homeland, cared about his homeland, never returned to the Song Dynasty, and finally died in a foreign country.
Shi Zai, Zhao Guangyi once asked Pan Shenxiu, an old minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Is Li Yu really a cowardly and incompetent person?"
Pan Shenxiu replied, "If he is really an incompetent and ignorant person, how can he defend the country for more than ten years?"
Li Yujing's calligraphy, painting, and phonological rhythms all have certain achievements, especially the highest achievements in words.
Li Yu's words, inheriting the tradition of Wen Tingjun, Wei Zhuang and other Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, and influenced by Li Jing, Feng Yanwei, etc., have bright language, vivid images, sincere feelings, and distinct styles, and their post-fall lyrics are even more broad in subject matter and deep in meaning, which are unique among the five pronouns of the late Tang Dynasty and have a far-reaching influence on the lexicon of later generations.
Extravagant
Li Yu was born in the Deep Palace of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and since childhood he was loved and favored by the relatives of the palace and the palace people, and he was still luxurious and good-sounding.
Li Yu once decorated the walls with red silk tents embedded with gold threads, using tortoiseshells as nails; The pane is also inlaid with emeralds, and pasted on the window with red luoju yarn; Outside the house, plum blossoms are widely planted, and a small wooden pavilion with painted paintings is set up between the flowers, only two seats are accommodated, and Li Yu and Aiji Zhou's flower appreciation are drinking.
[Whenever the flowers bloom in spring, the flower arranger is arranged in a partition tube and placed on the beams, windows, walls and steps, and is called "Jindongtian".]
Every year on the birthday of Qixi, Li Yu would order people to use more than a hundred red and white silk horses to make the shape of the Moon Palace Tianhe, sing and compose music all night, and then withdraw at dawn.
In Li Yu's early poetry works, a capital poem is magnificent in style and beautiful and tender, telling the joy of the palace and the fun of the boudoir.
For example, the term "Magnolia Flower Xiao Makeup First Bright Muscle Snow", the concubine palace is full of palaces, singing and dancing at night, drinking and listening to songs, stepping on horses on the night of the moon, a school of song and dance, it can be said that he is a true portrayal of the erotic voice of the emperor.
The couple are deeply in love
During Li Yu's reign, although there were many concubines in the harem, he had a deep affection for the two empresses.
After the Great Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Ming'e, proficient in book history, good music rhythm, YouGong Pipa, Li Yu composed "Nian Jia Shan", and after the Great Zhou, he played the lyrics and composed "Invited Drunken Dance".
Li Yu has written a number of poems for her, describing the rhyme of xiang boudoir and the tenderness of children, expressing the feelings of infatuation with Zhou Hou.
When he was sick after the big week, the lord of the post would see the food day and night, the medicine would not be tasted by himself, and the person who did not wear clothes would be tired.
And his death, the later lord also "Zhao Hui Zhou Hou Shu" and "Elegy", expressing deep affection for the Great Zhou Hou and deep sorrow and great pain.
After the death of Empress Dowager Zhou, Li Yu married Empress Xiaozhou, the sister of Empress Dowager Zhou, as empress.
After the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu and Xiao Zhouhou were captured in the Northern Song Dynasty and spent three years together in captivity of "washing their faces with tears day and night" and suffered humiliation.
After Li Yuke died in his hometown, Xiao Zhouhou was devastated and soon followed.