——Shenzhen 7,000 years, there are stories you don't know
https://image.netwin.cn/cms/2022/01/16-22-49-037341.mp3
【Anchor】
Liu Youyang (Chief Reporter of Reading Innovation/Shenzhen Business Daily)
【Column Introduction】
Discover Shenzhen is an influential cultural weekly magazine under the Umbrella/Shenzhen Business Daily, dedicated to excavating the unknown history of Shenzhen, and has been popular with the public since its opening. Now we will make the content of "Discover Shenzhen Weekly" sound, 5 minutes a day, and tell you a little knowledge about Shenzhen's history, folklore and culture.
【Contents of this issue】
Why do Shenzhen residents living on the banks of the Shenzhen River run to Hong Kong to cultivate land? How difficult is it to apply for a "transit farming certificate"? In the past hundred years, the changes in the area and use of "enclaves" have recorded the inseparable close ties between Hong Kong and the motherland, as well as the footprints of the residents of Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
Shenzhen people still have to run to Hong Kong to cultivate the fields?
Before the 1950s, villagers in Shenzhen and Hong Kong were free to travel between Shenzhen and Hong Kong to cultivate and raise fish together, and for the border people of the two places, "transit farming" was a unique experience of that era.
Some Shenzhen border people to Hong Kong farming, some pigs, some chickens, and some plant vegetables and fruits, breed pond fish, self-sufficiency, border people take to Hong Kong to sell, this is because at that time, Shenzhen vegetables can only sell one or two yuan a day, and in Hong Kong, just across the river, Shangshui, selling vegetables can earn more than 100 yuan a day, living in Shenzhen, transiting to Hong Kong to plant and sell vegetables, the income is 100 times higher than selling vegetables in Shenzhen, which is undoubtedly the road for Shenzhen border residents to get rich.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, due to historical reasons, transit farming was restricted, and border residents could only travel between Shenzhen and Hong Kong from designated passageways, and these special passages were called "transit farming ports". On the 27-kilometer border defense line from the mouth of the Shenzhen River to Yantian, there are 5 farming mouths: Changling, Chiwei, Luofang, Huanggang and Shazui Tillage Mouth.
Among them, the north of the Changling Farming Mouth is Changling Village, Liantang Subdistrict, Luohu District, and the south is Lian Ma Hang Village between Sha Tau Kok and Ta Kwu Ling in the New Territories, and the two villages are across the river. Changling Farming Mouth is mainly responsible for inspecting and verifying the transit farming villagers of changling, Xilingxia, Liantang and Aoxia in four natural villages. At the Changling Farming Pass, you can see people lining up to cross the border with hoes and scythes every day, and there are one or two hundred people when there are many people.
In the 1950s and 1980s, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, Shenzhen's economy as a border defense area was not developed enough, and the income of Hong Kong laborers across the river was much higher, and farmers who had the opportunity to farm in Hong Kong could take the opportunity to do a little small trade.
There are three main types of documents for border people's transit operations: "Certificate of Transit Farming", "Temporary Permit to Go to the Sea" and "Certificate of Visiting Relatives". The use rate of farming certificates is about 50%, of which only about 50% of the people who are actually used for agricultural production account for about 50% of the transit people, and only 50% of those who hold the sea permit and the boat people's certificate are really engaged in fisheries.
In Luofang Village, Cai Rural Village, Changling Village, Futian District Xiasha Village and some villages in Nanshan District in Luohu District, licensed farmers are engaged in agricultural production, mariculture or marine fishing, and most of the other border residents are not engaged in agricultural production, mariculture or fishing, but engaged in some small-scale trade, part-time work, negotiation business, etc.
After the reform and opening up, the peasants in Shenzhen became richer, and the driving force for cross-border farming was not great. Villages and villagers along the river in Shenzhen will contract land in Hong Kong to Shenzhen fishermen or Hong Kong farmers to raise fish, the earliest and most well-known is Liantang Village's 110 acres of "land in Hong Kong" leased to Hong Kong people to grow vegetables, as well as cooperative development of vegetable and flower planting or aquaculture, such as Huang Beiling and Hong Kong businessmen to set up a 140 acres of flower farms.
At the end of 1980, the Chinese government and the Hong Kong and British authorities signed an agreement on the legalization of the transit farming of Chinese border residents, unifying the previously used "Transit Farming Certificate", "Temporary Sea Permit" and "Family Visit Certificate" into the "Shenzhen Transit Farming Certificate", issuing farming certificates to border residents in more than 30 surrounding natural villages, trying their best to achieve one household and one certificate, fixing personal use, and there were about 2,000 border residents who held farming certificates at that time.
The handling of farming testimony is very strict. The applicant must be a farmer from a village in the New Territories of Hong Kong with historical habits of land cultivation, and must be over 22 years old; in terms of procedures, the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Border Defense Detachment will allocate the quota of certificates to each village according to the actual conditions and needs of each village, and after the applicant fills in the form, the villager's committee, the street office, the public security police station, and the border defense workstation will examine and approve it, and finally submit it to the border defense detachment for approval and issuance. When you arrive in Hong Kong with your farming testimony, you cannot exceed the limited range of Nam Hang, Shui Hu, Sheung Shui, Yuen Long and Fanling, and you are required to return before the gate closes at 6 p.m. on the same day, and you cannot stay overnight.
So, why do the border people of Hong Kong and Shenzhen cultivate in transit, and what does "enclave" mean? Stay tuned for the next episode update.
Review: Sun Shijian