73 days later, another high-risk area appeared in Beijing.
According to the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, as of 12:00 on January 22, Wanliuyuan Community in Yuquanying Street, Fengtai District, has reported a cumulative total of 8 locally confirmed cases in the past 14 days. After the assessment of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Wanliuyuan Community in Yuquanying Street, Fengtai District will be designated as a high-risk area from now on.
Previously, since November 10, 2021, in the last round of local epidemics in Beijing, high-risk areas in Beijing have been cleared.
Since 15 January, Beijing has reported a cumulative total of 34 local cases, including 27 confirmed cases and 7 asymptomatic infected people. Combined with the epidemiological investigation and the results of whole gene sequencing of the virus, it was preliminarily judged that the local epidemic in Beijing was a cluster of two different sources of infection:
The first is the clustered epidemic caused by international mail, which is the Aomi Kerong variant, all in Haidian District; the second is the cluster epidemic caused by imported cold chain items, which is the Delta variant, involving Chaoyang District, Fengtai District, Fangshan District, Daxing District and Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.
In the Delta transmission chain, many infected people are engaged in cold chain related work, some are cold storage administrators, and some operate cold chain products. Many people have intersected in their daily lives and work, including living together, eating together, and sharing toilets.
Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a member of the national new coronavirus pneumonia expert group, suggested that at present, the epidemic situation in the city is showing a multi-point sporadic situation, the epidemic prevention and control situation is severe and complex, and the cold chain, food, logistics, cleaning and other practitioners and co-residents should actively carry out nucleic acid testing in accordance with the unified deployment of their units.
On January 22, according to the latest epidemic prevention situation, Fengtai District required all imported cold chain food practitioners on duty to hold a 3-day nucleic acid negative certificate and maintain nucleic acid testing every 15 days for relevant co-residents.
In addition, Daxing District requires imported cold chain related staff and new employees to complete nucleic acid testing every 3 days.
In a cold chain logistics company, the law enforcement personnel of the Daxing District Market Supervision Bureau entered the cold storage and inspected the 3-day nucleic acid test certificate, the environmental nucleic acid test certificate, the killing record, the inspection and quarantine certificate of the goods, and the account of the purchase and sale of goods in the warehouse. In the storage area of the goods, law enforcement officers first check the ambient temperature in the warehouse. Subsequently, the cold chain traceability code on the goods is scanned with mobile terminal equipment for inspection, and the records on the purchase ledger are verified to ensure that the source of all goods in the warehouse can be traced.
Wang Yajun, head of the food circulation safety supervision and management section of the Daxing District Market Supervision Bureau, said that it is resolute to achieve "no killing, no storage, no nucleic acid inspection" and "no storage". There have been a number of cold chain-related outbreaks in China
Whether the new crown virus can spread through items such as livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products and their outer packaging transported in the cold chain has been controversial. However, in September 2020, when a new case of new coronary pneumonia was discovered in Qingdao, the CDC successfully isolated the live virus on the outer packaging of frozen food, which became strong evidence that the new crown virus can spread through the cold chain.
Some international experts believe that the probability of the new crown pneumonia virus transmitting through the cold chain is low, but from the perspective of the cold chain import and export situation of the mainland, due to the huge volume, a small probability event will inevitably cause sporadic virus transmission. According to incomplete statistics from the health sector, since the second half of 2020, there have been local CLUSTERS of local COVID-19 epidemics related to the cold chain in Dalian, Yingkou, Tianjin, Qingdao and Beijing.
Dalian epidemic on November 4, 2021, Dalian City appeared a new round of the first confirmed cases of new crown pneumonia, in Zhuanghe University Town, from the 11th to the 13th, 67 students and faculty confirmed in three days, of which 63 confirmed cases are college students, 4 confirmed cases are teaching staff.
According to the circulation information, the first confirmed case of the epidemic in Dalian came from the first fixed-point cold storage in Zhuanghe City: the employees of the first fixed-point cold storage were confirmed, and then the employees of the food company were confirmed, followed by the confirmed students of the canteen restaurant. On December 2, 2021, the Dalian Municipal General Headquarters for the Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic held a meeting to point out that the investigation showed that the current round of the epidemic in Dalian was a major epidemic spread incident caused by the illegal crimes and concealment of the truth by cold chain enterprises, the fraud and perfunctory responsibility of relevant institutions, the serious dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty by regulators, and the import of contaminated cold chain food infected the employees of the first station of Dalian Keqiang Food Co., Ltd., and then introduced into the society.
Anhui-Yingkou epidemic on May 13, 2021, Anhui Province reported the first confirmed case of this round of epidemic rounds, and then found that some cases had a history of residence in Bayuquan District, Yingkou City, Liaoning Province. On the same day, Yingkou City quickly carried out mapping, and subsequently found a number of new local confirmed cases.
According to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the virus in this round of the epidemic is highly homologous to the virus sequence of the outer packaging of imported frozen cod imported in June 2020, and cold storage porters infected the virus during the handling of contaminated cod and caused a subsequent cluster of outbreaks.
On November 8 and 9, 2020, there were 2 new cases of new coronavirus infection in Tianjin, and they were successively identified as confirmed cases, all of which are highly related to the cold storage of Tianjin Hailian Frozen Food Co., Ltd. in the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city.
The traceability of the epidemic in Tianjin found that there were two independent transmission chains caused by imported cold chain products contaminated by the new crown virus, one of which was caused by the Hailian cold storage porter contacting the pig head contaminated with the new crown virus imported by a certain country, and the other chain was caused by the logistics stevedore contacting the frozen strip fish contaminated with the new crown virus imported by another country.
Qingdao epidemic Situation In September 2020, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, during the regular routine testing of the "due diligence" personnel of Qingdao Gangdagang Company, it was found that 2 stevedores were infected with the new coronavirus and were asymptomatic infected. Subsequently, two infected people in Qingdao Port shared a CT room with ordinary hospitalized patients during isolation and observation in Qingdao Chest Hospital, resulting in further spread of the epidemic in the hospital.
On July 23, 2021, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Weekly Report (English) disclosed details of the infection of two stevedores with the new crown virus. The results showed that the risky behaviors of two positive people who were infected included taking off their masks to smoke, wearing masks to show their noses, and improperly washing their hands when boarding foreign vessels and loading and unloading frozen cod.
From June 11 to August 6, 2020, a total of 335 confirmed cases of the outbreak in Xinfadi, Beijing, were reported.
On October 23, 2020, the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and other researchers jointly published an article in the National Science Review, which began in June 2020 in the cluster epidemic in Beijing's Xinfadi market, the source of the virus is most likely to be cold chain imported food in areas with high incidence of overseas epidemics, and proposed that cold chain transportation or new ways of transmission of the new crown virus.
Why are there so few problems in the pharmaceutical cold chain? Cold chain logistics can be divided into food cold chain, pharmaceutical cold chain, chemical cold chain and so on. Among them, the demand for food cold chain accounts for the vast majority of the proportion, close to 90%, and the total cold chain of medical and chemical electronics accounts for about 10%. In 2019, the total sales volume of China's pharmaceutical cold chain was about 339.503 billion yuan, and its transportation products mainly included vaccines, blood products, oral drugs, injections, biological drugs, etc.
Why are food cold chain epidemic prevention and control accidents frequent, but there are few accidents in the pharmaceutical cold chain?
In fact, compared with the cold chain of food and beverages, the technical requirements of the pharmaceutical cold chain are higher, especially the temperature control of the whole process is more stringent. In order to ensure that the entire circulation process of drugs is always within a specific temperature range, the cold chain transportation of pharmaceuticals has a strict operating process. When the inspection is in the warehouse, it is necessary to detect the temperature, view the recorder data, and accept it after passing; the temperature is monitored in real time during the delivery and distribution, and if there is an abnormality, the driver needs to be notified immediately.
According to Yang Dayue, director of east China regional logistics of China Resources Pharmaceutical Commercial Group Co., Ltd., the same is a cold storage, but the storage of drugs, and the storage of fresh vegetables, in terms of the accuracy of temperature requirements are much different. Pharmaceutical cold storage requires more stable temperature range control, and it is best to have a temperature difference of no more than 1 °C. "The smoother the temperature, the better, but the higher the requirements for the equipment." Yang Dayue explained that there are more temperature zones that need to be controlled for cold chain drugs, some need to be stored in 2 ° C ~ 8 ° C, some should be controlled at about 5 ° C, some are below 5 ° C but to avoid freezing, and some are required to be stored in an environment below 0 ° C.
In addition, the pharmaceutical cold chain has higher requirements for informatization. According to the logistics resource data of 941 pharmaceutical enterprises in the pharmaceutical logistics database of the China Pharmaceutical Commerce Association, more than 90% of the mainland pharmaceutical cold chain enterprises are equipped with automatic monitoring system of transportation temperature, automatic monitoring system of warehouse temperature, gps positioning in transit, and more than 60% of enterprises are equipped with transportation management system, warehouse control system and warehouse management system.
In general, the pharmaceutical cold chain industry has a high threshold, large upfront investment, and small-scale enterprises may be difficult to bear a large amount of investment in cold storage construction, information system construction, and refrigerated truck purchase. Therefore, compared with the food cold chain industry enterprises, the technical ability and management ability of pharmaceutical cold chain enterprises are stronger.
At present, the new crown pneumonia epidemic in foreign countries is becoming more and more serious, and the pressure of "foreign defense import" on the mainland continues to increase, but there are still people who ignore the cold chain epidemic prevention regulations for the sake of interests, causing the risk of the spread of the new crown virus. In response to the recent confirmed cases of cold chain storage and transportation practitioners in Beijing, the Beijing police found in the process of cooperating with health, disease control and market supervision departments to carry out traceability and administrative supervision that a wholesaler replaced the import logo of cold chain goods with a domestic logo.
Yang X (male, 46 years old), the operator of a food wholesale department, violated the relevant regulations on the prevention and control of the epidemic of cold chain products, and replaced the import label of seafood such as fish and other seafood imported from a certain country in Southeast Asia with a domestic logo without authorization, in order to evade the normal supervision of imported cold chain products, and there is a serious danger of causing the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. At present, Yang Moumou has been investigated by the Fangshan police according to law.
Previously, on December 25, 2021, beijing Tongzhou police reported that wang mou, the person in charge of a cold chain transportation company, and 6 other people had been taken criminal compulsory measures for violating the epidemic prevention regulations of Beijing Municipality.
It is reported that Wang XX (male, 44 years old), the head of the fleet of a cold chain transport company, has repeatedly instructed Pan XX (male, 32 years old) and other 4 people who have a history of travel in medium and high-risk areas and no negative nucleic acid test certificate to drive a cold chain transport truck, and after arriving around Beijing from a medium- and high-risk area in Zhejiang Province, in order to evade epidemic prevention inspection, Ding XX (male, 41 years old), an employee of the company waiting here, hid the driver of the origin in the car and drove into Beijing on behalf of the Tongzhou police. At present, the above-mentioned 6 people have been taken criminal compulsory measures in accordance with the law.
Not only in Beijing, but also in various places, a number of cold chain storage and transportation practitioners have recently been investigated and punished. In January 2022, a dalian enterprise was fined 800,000 yuan and sentenced to three people for violating epidemic prevention regulations, resulting in the spread of the new crown virus from imported cold chain goods to the society.
After trial, the court ascertained that the defendant enterprise, Dalian Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., was mainly engaged in port cargo loading and unloading handling, human resources services and other businesses. Defendant Fu Mouhao is the actual controller of the company. Defendant Fu Moujun is the son of Fu Mouhao, the legal representative and executive director of the company, assists Fu Mouhao in managing the company, and is mainly responsible for logistics. Defendant Zhang Mouyong was the manager of the company and was mainly responsible for on-site operations such as loading and unloading of cargo at the port.
In mid-November 2020, a foreign cargo ship carrying imported cold chain goods docked at the Dayao Bay Wharf of Dalian Port.
From December 1, 2020 to December 12, 2020, assigned by defendant Fu Mouhao, defendant Zhang Mouyong hired labor service personnel to carry out loading and unloading and handling of imported cold chain goods on the foreign cargo ship, and served as the person in charge of on-site operations.
In the course of the operation, a dalian enterprise management company violated the epidemic prevention and control regulations of the inbound operator filing and holding a negative 7-day nucleic acid test report, and the person in charge of the scene, Zhang Mouyong, falsely increased and tampered with the list of filing operators.
In the handling operation, the company violated the requirements of the whole process of standardized protection, and Zhang Mouyong neglected to supervise the operators, resulting in many violations such as not wearing isolation masks, protective clothing jackets and cotton coats, dining in protective clothing, and drinking water on the operation ship as required. In terms of operation personnel management, the company did not strictly implement the closed-loop management regulations, and when the defendant Fu Moujun was assigned by defendant Fu Mouhao to arrange accommodation for the operators, he did not inform the inn operators of the requirements for the accommodation personnel to engage in the handling and closed-loop management of imported cold chain goods.
On December 12, 2021, the owner of a truck in Jixi City was administratively detained for five days in accordance with the law for violating the epidemic prevention and control policy, failing to fulfill the epidemic prevention and control obligations of imported cold chain food, and illegally purchasing and transporting 3 boxes of cold chain imported Arctic sweet shrimp.
It is understood that on the same day, after the Jiguan District Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Jixi City received the "Letter of Consultation on the Notification of Information Related to the Import of Frozen Arctic Sweet Shrimp" issued by the Epidemic Prevention Headquarters of Nangang District of Harbin City, it immediately investigated and dealt with the imported Arctic sweet shrimp purchased by two business operators in the jurisdiction. In the retrospective transportation link, it was found that the cold chain food imported Arctic sweet shrimp was transported by road freight to Jixi City, and the relevant clues were immediately transferred to the public security organs.
According to Liu Yu, a police officer at the Dongfeng Police Station of the Jiguan Public Security Bureau, after receiving the clue, they immediately summoned the owner of the truck to investigate and collect evidence, and he confessed to the private transport of cold chain food to import Arctic sweet shrimp.
Why is it difficult to prevent and control the epidemic in the cold chain? In order to prevent the spread of the new crown virus through the cold chain transportation of livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products and their outer packaging, the mainland has put forward new requirements for cold chain transportation.
Compared with before the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the biggest change in the import cold chain is the addition of a link - "centralized supervision warehouse". Since the implementation of the centralized warehouse system in January 2021, there have been fewer and fewer news reports about the spread of the virus caused by the cold chain.
What is a Centralized Regulated Warehouse?
Specifically, it is a centralized place for nucleic acid testing and disinfection. All imported cold chain food must enter the centralized supervision warehouse before storage, processing and sales, and complete testing and disinfection here. Take the Tianpeng import cold chain food centralized supervision warehouse reported by Wuxi Daily as an example, here are the following characteristics:
Physical separation and re-upgrade: The original 50 cm fence outside the supervision warehouse was upgraded to a 2-meter-high wall, and an electric sliding door was added to effectively isolate it from the surrounding environment. The layout of the operation is more optimized: the layout in the area is fine-tuned in accordance with the principle of "three districts and two passages", and functional rooms such as protective clothing wear and take-off rooms, staff rest rooms, driver rest rooms and independent toilets are set up to prevent cross-contamination. Full closed loop of operators: Since the resumption of operation, the handling, testing, disinfection and other staff (24 people per shift) entering the operation area have implemented closed-loop management of centralized residence and special vehicle transfer.
With the help of centralized supervision warehouses, the spread and impact of the virus can be controlled to the greatest extent.
However, even under such strict prevention and control measures, the new crown pneumonia epidemic introduced by cold chain transmission still appears many times, and one of the important reasons is that there are objective difficulties in preventing and controlling the epidemic spread of imported cold chain.
Wu Zunyou, chief expert in epidemiology at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, once pointed out that the virus will not freeze to death in a low temperature environment of minus tens of degrees, in general, the lower the temperature, the longer the virus survives. If the virus is placed in an environment of -180 ° C, such as liquid nitrogen, it may survive for decades or even hundreds of years.
The cold environment created by the cold chain provides a good living space for the virus. Depending on the temperature of the cold chain, the virus survives for different times. In general, in an environment of -20 ° C, the virus can survive for several months.
Even with ordinary cold-chain transport, the virus can survive for several weeks.
Since the storage temperature of frozen food is mostly controlled below -18 °C, the killing effect of ordinary room temperature disinfectants at low temperatures will be greatly weakened or even lost. At present, the key technical problem of low-temperature disinfection has been solved, and related products have also been put on the market. However, due to cost control and other reasons, some cold chain enterprises have improper use of products, irregular processes, and incomplete elimination, which need to be corrected in time.
Xu Wenbo, director of the Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an interview that cold chain transmission is insidious, and after an outbreak, the first case discovered is called an "indicator case" and is often not the earliest infected person. The earliest infected person is called "case 0", usually an asymptomatic infected person with only some mild symptoms, if "case 0" does not go to a medical institution, the surveillance system will have difficulty catching him.
Why can't the import cold chain stop?
Since cold chain food often detects the new crown virus, is it not enough to ban cold chain transportation?
In fact, it is difficult to implement. Taking pork imports as an example, the overall supply of pork in the mainland is in short supply, and imported meat constitutes an important part of the national food life. Customs data shows that in 2021, the cumulative import of meat is nearly 9.38 million tons, of which 3.71 million tons of pork will be imported in 2021. This largely supplements domestic supply and demand and plays a role in stabilizing prices.
Taking shrimp as an example, the price of Ecuadorian white shrimp has plummeted because it has been detected positive, and the price of other shrimp species has almost doubled. It can be said that if the import cold chain is cut off, many products will inevitably have a price surge.
The import cold chain has certain risks, but within the scope of control, continuing to maintain the operation of the cold chain is conducive to social stability and the interests of the people, and the risk of virus transmission in the cold chain is also relatively controllable.
In addition, the number of people employed in imported cold chain food in the country is about 300,000, and the number of people engaged in imported cold chain food in Beijing alone is 33,700. These people generally have no culture, they are all migrant workers from rural areas, and they belong to a group of people who will find it difficult to find new jobs in the short term if they are unemployed. Suddenly stop cold chain imports, their livelihoods will inevitably be affected.
Source| The health industry comprehensively released and sorted out the | Fluttering
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