Source: Taishan Botanical Garden
Chinese orchids
In order to congratulate the successful convening of the 5th Yingchun Orchid Exhibition in Shanxi Province, our garden has specially prepared a wonderful orchid series of knowledge cloud science for everyone to entertain readers and orchid lovers.
Orchid is Chinese generic name for orchids, and the ancient people in the mainland also called "vanilla" or "orchid". Today we refer to the orchid genus of plants, such as chunlan, huilan, hanlan, Jianlan (four seasons orchid), Mo lan (annunciation orchid), spring sword, lotus petal orchid and so on. Orchids are a large family of plants with hundreds of genera in the family, orchids are just one of them, orchids contain more than 60 species, and there are 31 species of orchids known in the mainland. Chinese favorite and sought after national orchid belongs to the type of ground orchid, and yang orchid is mainly epiphytic orchid.
01
The origin and history of Guolan
The Spring and Autumn Period was the beginning of the written records of orchids in ancient mainland texts, and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Orchid culture began with Confucius. Confucius once said: "Zhilan is born in the valley, not to be without people but not to be fang, a gentleman cultivates morality, and does not change his ways for the sake of poverty." He also called the orchid "the fragrance of the king", which is enough to prove the status of orchids in Chinese history and culture. Lan was first seen in the Book of Poetry, Zheng Feng, Qin Huan
Qin and Huan Fang,
The soldier and the woman are in a state of flux.
The female is known as guanhu, and the scholar is known as the same.
And look beyond.
Humble and happy, Visce and the woman.
Yi Qi sneered at each other and gave him peony medicine.
Chinese has always regarded the orchid as a symbol of high purity and elegance, and is juxtaposed with "plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum", collectively known as the "four gentlemen". Usually,"Lan Zhang" is used as a metaphor for the beauty of poetry, and "Lan Jiao" is used as a metaphor for the truth of friendship. There are also borrowed orchids to express pure love, "qi is as long as Lan Xi does not change, the heart of Lan Xi will not change", "find Youlan to repay the confidant, a branch to give to the dream Xiaoxiang". In May 1985, the orchid was rated as one of the top ten famous flowers in China.
02
Appreciation of Guolan
Guolan is simple and elegant, the sense of beauty is good, the Chinese people have loved Lan since ancient times, how to appreciate the beauty of Guolan? The appreciation of Guolan is to smell its fragrance, look at its leaves, and appreciate its flowers.
One smell of its incense, incense is the soul of orchids, the fragrance of the national orchid is divided into several types of incense, fragrance, fragrance, etc., Confucius said, orchids have "the fragrance of the king", the incense here refers specifically to the fragrance of orchids. Therefore, the high-grade Guolan has a light and pure fragrance. The aroma of orchids is wonderful in a "you" word, expensive in elegance, mild, pure and odorless; Guolan is famous for its unique fragrance in the forest of Chinese flowers, most of the orchids have fragrances, but the fragrance is very different.
The second view of its leaves, the leaves of the orchid are flowing and timeless, the white or yellow stripes and spotted orchids on the leaves of the orchid are called "art", the flower art can only be appreciated for about half a month, and the leaf art can be appreciated throughout the year.
Its third is its flower, "Orchid valley, not to no one but not fang." "The flower of the orchid is called the flower of a gentleman, and has the character of a gentleman. Its petals are symmetrical and elegant, full of the beauty of "Zhongzheng", and also the embodiment of the Confucian "Middle Way" culture. The flowers of orchids, like the human face, are the most important part of judging the taste of orchids, traditionally the color of orchids is plain and elegant, and modern diversified orchid viewing also accepts flowers with particularly bright colors, calling them color flowers, but some traditional lovers still have a fondness for plain flowers.
The appreciation of flowers includes three aspects: the size of the flower, the shape of the leaf posture, and the coordination of the flower and leaf matching. Different categories such as Chunlan, Huilan, Lotus Petal Orchid, Chunjian, Molan, and Hanlan have their own appreciation characteristics. The theory of petal shape is the most important basis for traditional orchid appreciation, and the classification of orchid petal types generally includes plum petals, lotus petals, and daffodil petals. However, with the development of the times, people's aesthetic changes, orchid appreciation is becoming more and more diversified, and some strange and flamboyant orchids have also been recognized by people, and a new pattern of contemporary orchid appreciation has been formed in which "dignified and strange" coexist, "introverted and exaggerated" coexist.
True knowledge of variety identification. The identification of orchid varieties should be dialectical and comprehensive, and cannot be blinded by a leaf and not Taishan. The correct way should be to look at the shape of the leaves, look at the buds, and look at the openings.
03
Chunlan (Four Heavenly Kings)
Song Mei
Song Mei scientific name: Cybidiun.goeringii cv. The full name of 'Song Mei' is Song Jinxuanmei. It is a traditional famous product of Chinese Chunlan and a representative variety of plum petal flowers. When the flower blooms in the plum petal type, the three petals are particularly tight and round, the silkworm moth is held, and the bangs are tongued; Sometimes it is also possible to open a lotus-shaped daffodil petal or a plum-shaped daffodil petal; For example, orchids occasionally have flowers when they are strong. The old leaves are mostly bow-shaped, the bracts are pale red, the leaves are thick green, the leaf width is wide, and the leaf tips are blunt. It is an outstanding species in the spring orchid plum petal type. Because the Song plum blossoms are unmatched and dominate in Chunlan, they are elected as the first of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Chunlan and are known as the "King of Chunlan".
Set circles
Jiyuan, also known as Old Ten Yuan, is one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Chunlan. In the year of Qing Guangxu (1850 AD), a cloud of high monks dug up; In the second year of Qing Xianfeng (1852 AD), Zhang Shenglin of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, was selected and bred. Brought to Mr. Xu Jilou and named it "Ten Yuan". Later, Mr. Gao Junfu of Hangzhou also produced homomorphic plum petals, called "set circles". Flower type: plum petals, the outer three petals with root knot circle, so the name set circle. Sometimes the plum-shaped daffodils, the three petals are slightly oblong. Five petals, small bangs tongue, floral color slightly yellow-green, shoulder flat, thick petal flesh. The flowers are dignified, stiff and have a long flowering period. Leaf type: The old leaves are obliquely weeping, the leaf tips are blunt, the leaf veins are deep, the leaf texture is thick, and the bracts are green with a slight reddishness. The leaves are 25-30 cm long.
10,000 words
10,000 characters: During the Qing Tongzhi period (1862-1874), Hangzhou Wanjia Garden was cultivated, hence the name Wanzi. It was also found in The Mandarin Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, also known as the first plum of the Mandarin Lake. Leaf posture: there is leaf flesh, as a semi-vertical chunlan is the middle of the way, the leaf length is eight or nine inches, the gloss curve is beautiful, and the posture is strong and powerful. Floral appearance: three petals, slightly longer feet, round head root, thick flesh, pure light green is very fresh, usually flat shoulder or fly shoulder. There are slight red dots on the pocket of the heart, a small ruyi tongue, the size of the flower is about one inch and five or six minutes in diameter, the thin stem is long and dry, and it is about six or seven inches long to flower, and the flower appearance is upright, which is a good product. Because the swastika flowers are emerald green and shiny, there is a sense of transparency, the texture is fine and sticky, and the flowers are dignified and charming, giving people a sense of ease and beauty. The stock of 10,000 words is small and extremely rare.
Dragon word
Dragon character scientific name: Cymbidium goeringii 'Dragon Word' was found in Yuyao Gaomiao Mountain during the Qing Jiaqing period, also known as Yao Yise and Yuyao First Immortal. The plant is tall and robust, the leaf posture is varied, the leaves are dark red with luster, the leaf stem is thin, the width is medium, the leaf tip is pointed, the core leaf is fragrant, and the low leaf mantis belly. The flower leaf is slender, 15-20 cm high, and can be racked; The bracts are rose red, the new shoots are green with purple in the middle, the outer three petals are round and pointed, tightly edged, thick, and slightly yellow in the light green, with a sense of transparency. Guanyin, large spread tongue, three bright red dots in the shape of an inverted glyph on the tongue, five petals; The flowers are rich and large, with a diameter of about 7 cm. Its growth is strong, easy to plant, easy to germinate, and healthy to flower. It is the most colorful and largest variety of Chunlan among the "Four Heavenly Kings", "Four Famous Species" and "Four Greats", and is called "Guolan Shuangbi" together with Song Mei.
Thanks to the Support of the Orchid Branch of Shanxi Landscape Architecture Association.
END