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Let's briefly talk about another great poem of Du Fu, that is, "The Song of the Hut Broken by the Autumn Wind", he wrote in his later years: "In August, the autumn wind is angry, and the triple grass on my house is rolled." Mao Fei crosses the river and sprinkles the outskirts of the river, the high one hangs on the long forest tops, and the lower one floats to the sinking pond pass. ...... Ande Guangsha tens of millions of rooms, shelter the world's cold people are happy! The wind and rain do not move like mountains. alack! When I suddenly saw this house in front of my eyes, I was alone and froze to death! "When there are tens of millions of mansions in front of you, let everyone in the world live in them, the wind does not hit the head, the rain does not hit the face, then even if only I Du Fu alone break the hut and freeze to death, I am willing." Wu Lu alone broke through the freeze to death"What is this spirit? This is the great spirit of altruism, the spirit of communism.
When Du Fu was 4 years old, his mother fell ill and died, and his father had no choice but to foster him to an aunt's house. This aunt was a great and kind woman, and she herself had a son who was a little younger than Du Fu, but because Du Fu had no mother and was frail and sickly, his aunt tried to give Du Fu a little more love for du Fu, and tried to give Du Fu as much good as possible, not his own son. One year, an epidemic broke out in Luoyang, and Du Fu and his aunt's son were unfortunately infected. Du Fu's aunt was so anxious that she went around getting medicines, and when she finished the medicine, she gave it to Du Fu first, and then gave it to her son when she had more medicine, and did not give it to her son when she had less. But Du Fu couldn't get better day by day, and his aunt was sick and rushed to the hospital, so she found a witch to come to her house, and after the witch came to her house to do the Fa, she said that du Fu would live in the southeast of their family pillar so that he could kill Ji. And the southeast of the pillar was exactly where his aunt's son had put his cot to rest, and his aunt listened to the witch's words and did not hesitate to move her son's cot away and move Du Fu's bed there. Sure enough, Du Fu got better day by day, but his aunt's son unfortunately died. After Du Fu grew up, others told him about this matter, and his heart was greatly shaken, leaving an unforgettable impression. So when Du Fu was 31 years old, his aunt fell ill and died, and he was so sad that he wrote an epitaph for his aunt, and wrote the things that others had just told him that he would never forget and remember for the rest of his life. I have no doubt about this matter, and I think that Du Fu's later great altruistic spirit of "breaking through my own self and freezing to death" is inseparable from the kind and great aunt who taught him by example and heard him.
Let's compare, there was a poet named Bai Juyi in the Middle Tang Dynasty, and Bai Juyi was also very remarkable. Bai Juyi's wife made him a cloth coat, he was dressed warmly, very good, he wrote a poem, called "New Cloth Qiu", which is a five-word ancient poem, a total of 16 sentences, the first 10 sentences say how good bu qiu is, not to mention, the last 6 sentences Please remember it, he said: "Husband is expensive and good", the valuable point of a manly husband lies in the world; "Is it good to be alone"? How can you just be alone? In fact, these two sentences are used in the famous saying of Mencius: "The poor are good at themselves, and the poor are good at what they do." "The valuable thing about a manly husband is that he can help the world at the same time, how can he just take care of himself?" So he said ,"André Wanli Qiu", where can you find a thousand miles of fur coats! "Cover and wrap the four circles", cover and wrap up the world in all directions; "steady and warm are like me", so that all the people in the world can be as stable and stable as me, warm and warm; "there is no cold in the world", there is no one in the world who is hungry and cold. So we say that Bai Juyi is also very remarkable, he himself is warm, and I hope that the people in the world can be as warm as him. Therefore, "If a husband is both noble and prosperous, he is not alone." Anderson, covered thursday. Steady and warm are like me, and there is no cold in the world. "It was fine.
There was a man named Huang Che in the Song Dynasty, who commented in the "Poetry of Gongxi" that Bai Juyi's "New Cloth Fur" and Du Fu's "Song of the Hut Broken by the Autumn Wind" said that Bai Juyi was "pushing himself to benefit the people" and was not as good as Du Fu's "rather than suffering to benefit people". Bai Juyi said that he was warm, and he hoped that the people of the world would be as warm as he was; and Du Fu said that as long as the people of the world were all warm, he was willing to freeze to death alone. Do you see it? "Poetry Saint" Du Fu "Saint" is "Holy" here.
I once said to my students at Peking University: "In human interaction, if a person really forgets himself and always forgets to think of others, then he will never be forgotten by others." "How happy a person who has not been forgotten by others should be!" Du Fu is such a person who has been remembered by the people of all dynasties. In addition, I also said to the students of the cadre class of Peking University: "If a person only does things for himself, does things, does good things, and does great things, that is his talent, that is his ability." But if a person can do things for others, do things for the common people, do things for our nation, do things, do good things, and do great things, that is his virtue, that is his deed, that is his virtue. "Du Fu is such a great poet who has forgotten himself and will always be remembered by our Chinese descendants, a great poet with such noble virtues! When commenting on Jing Ke, Tao Yuanming said: "Although his people are gone, there are still remnants of emotion in a thousand years. I think this sentence can also be used to evaluate Du Fu: "Although his people are gone, there are still remnants of a thousand years." ”
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Professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Chinese, Peking University, academic member of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Peking University, vice president of the Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies of Peking University, vice president of the Journal of Chinese Literature and Social Sciences, member of the Academic Committee of the Institute of Chinese Studies of Peking University, and member of the editorial board of Sinology Research. His research interests include: ancient Chinese literature, especially Tang and Song poetry. The books he has edited include "Dictionary of Love And Sentences in Poetry of Past Dynasties", "Dictionary of Literature Encyclopedia", "400 Commonly Used Sayings in Chinese and Chinese", "Hundred Fishing Songs", etc.; translations include "Tang and Song Dynasty Words Research", "Japanese Filler Words History", etc.; monographs include "Tang Poetry and Song Poetry".
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