Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood and the foundation of development. In 2021, China successfully completed the employment target task. 12.69 million new jobs were created in cities and towns across the country, the employment of college graduates was generally stable, the employment of migrant workers returned to the pre-epidemic level, and the scale of poverty alleviation labor reached 31.45 million. The bright employment "report card" is a strong proof that China has played a stable employment combination.
How to continue to achieve the goal of fuller and higher quality employment this year and ensure the stability of the overall employment situation? On this topic, this reporter interviewed the deputies and members attending the two sessions of the National People's Congress.
All-round help for college graduates to find employment
College graduates are one of the key groups for job security. According to statistics, the scale of college graduates in the country will reach 10.76 million in 2022, an increase of 1.67 million over the previous year, and the scale and increment will hit a record high. How to help college students smoothly enter the workplace is a topic of concern to many deputies and members.
"At present, the difficulty of employment of college students is mainly a structural contradiction. The number of college graduates is increasing, but employers cannot recruit suitable talents, for example, the country's demand for new infrastructure, new manufacturing, high-end nursing and other aspects of talent is far more than the supply. Ni Minjing, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, said that the modernization of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities should be carried out as soon as possible. For example, traditional journalism majors need to increase courses to learn new media technology; art and design disciplines need to learn artificial intelligence, new materials, etc., so that the discipline settings of colleges and universities are more in line with the current situation of social and economic development. ”
Ni Minjing also suggested that contemporary college students should establish a correct outlook on employment and career choice. "For college students, high-quality employment does not mean high wages for the first time, but to find suitable positions and play their own value." It is necessary to cultivate the awareness of college graduates to be proud of their work in the frontline and grassroots of national construction, and to undergo tempering and increase their talents in practice. ”
Yang Shanhu, deputy to the National People's Congress and deputy chief inspector of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education, told reporters that in recent years, Anhui Province has introduced a number of positive measures for the employment of college graduates. "For example, the employment apprenticeship management system has achieved good results. College graduates who have not found a formal job within two years of leaving school can intern in various units that have declared as apprenticeship bases, so that young people can slowly contact, understand real work and gradually adapt to society. ”
Yang Shanhu introduced that employment work is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and the central committee of the Zhi Gong Party, a democratic party to which he belongs, also put forward a proposal this year on actively doing a good job in youth employment, suggesting further increased employment supply-side reform and promoting the dynamic balance between employment demand and employment supply among young employment groups.
Yang Shanhu suggested that colleges and universities should continue to strengthen the career planning education for students, set up employment and entrepreneurship related courses, and increase the internship practice opportunities of college students. "It is suggested that colleges and universities should track the dynamics of student internships throughout the process, continue to carry out management, education and counseling work, such as actively coordinating enterprises to help graduates stay or recommend employment positions, etc., and expand graduate employment channels."
All parties implement the policy of giving priority to employment
At present, China's economic development is facing the triple pressure of demand contraction, supply shock and weak expectations. This year, the pressure on total employment has not decreased, and it is still necessary to implement the priority policy of employment in detail to complete the annual employment target task.
Hu Wei, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and counselor of the Shanghai Municipal Government, said that the employment policy should be targeted toward the population aged 40 and over. In particular, the relevant labor regulations are revised, requiring that the employing enterprise shall not use age as the red line for recruitment, promotion or dismissal, and ensure that a certain proportion of personnel aged 40 and above are accounted for in all kinds of enterprises. Hu Wei also suggested actively supporting the career transformation of middle-aged talents, such as increasing the supply of training and education, guiding middle-aged people to transfer more to technical jobs, and giving full play to their experience and technical advantages.
Qiu Licheng, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Yanshan University, is very concerned about the issue of fair employment. He suggested strengthening relevant legislation, building a sound system of laws and regulations against employment discrimination, and at the same time smoothing the channels for employment rights protection and strengthening judicial protection. Qiu Licheng said: On the one hand, we should actively promote the establishment of a more equal employment environment; on the other hand, in the process of seeking employment, employees should also enhance their awareness of safeguarding their rights, make good use of legal weapons to protect their legitimate rights and interests, and actively solve problems through legal channels or social assistance when encountering problems such as employment discrimination.
"Stable employment requires the joint efforts of the government, society and enterprises." In the interview, Zhang Yichen, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of CITIC Capital, said that a proposal he brought this year is to propose policy assistance to catering service enterprises that have a large role in absorbing employment and have a heavy task of ensuring people's livelihood, and at the same time, enterprises should also assume the main responsibility for stable employment.
The reporter learned that in the proposal submitted by the Central Committee of the China Democratic League this year, it also involved strengthening labor supervision, promoting the employment quality of migrant workers, and attracting young people from Taiwan to come to the mainland for employment and entrepreneurship, and put forward relevant suggestions.
Promote flexible employment and employment in new formats
With the rapid development of the Internet platform economy, the proportion of flexible employment and new formats of employment has increased significantly.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that this year it will continue to optimize the entrepreneurial environment, improve policies such as entrepreneurial guarantee loans, strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial incubation bases, start the creation of entrepreneurial cities, and run activities such as the "China Chuangyi" competition to create a good entrepreneurial atmosphere. Support the healthy development of flexible employment, carry out pilot projects for occupational injury protection for employed personnel in new employment forms, and launch a number of standardized gig markets.
Many deputies and members also paid attention to this hot spot and offered suggestions and suggestions from all angles.
"In recent years, more and more young people hope to create value through hobbies and interests, so flexible employment methods such as independent entrepreneurship and part-time work have become an important supplement to new jobs and a new engine for stabilizing employment." Zhu Jiandi, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Lixin Certified Public Accountants, pointed out that it is necessary to dig deep into the opportunities for young people to participate in flexible employment, encourage industry associations to use digital technology such as big data and cloud computing to build a flexible employment data sharing platform, promote the effective docking of flexible employment and enterprise information, and achieve instant and accurate supply and demand matching.
Zeng Xianggui, deputy to the National People's Congress and full-time vice chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions in New Formats and Industries in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, said that the new formats have further expanded the employment space for migrant workers. "In recent years, many migrant workers have embraced this new employment 'outlet' and become takeaway riders and courier brothers."
Zeng Xianggui suggested that relevant laws and regulations should be improved, provisions should be made on the employment relationship and dispute resolution of new employment forms, the labor protection responsibilities of new business forms, etc., and the labor rights and interests protection system adapted to new employment forms should be formulated to support the "protective umbrella" for practitioners of new business formats. (Reporter Li Zhen)