Cloud number light carbon carbon said | wen
introduction
In the past two years, the topic of low-carbon emission reduction has not decreased. Striving to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is an important commitment for China to actively address climate change. Especially after the opening of the carbon market last year, the requirements of "carbon reduction and emission control" have basically been placed in front of all walks of life. As an important source of carbon emissions and a major energy consumer, carbon emission reductions in the automotive sector affect the realization of China's dual-carbon target.
01
The need to reduce carbon emissions in the automotive sector
>> carbon emissions and energy consumers, affecting the carbon neutrality process
According to statistics from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, carbon emissions from the transportation sector accounted for about 9% of China's total carbon emissions in 2014, amounting to about 800 million tons, and continued to maintain a growth trend. Statistics show that in the field of transportation, road traffic accounts for the highest carbon emissions, accounting for about 82.7% in 2015. In addition, automobiles are large consumers of gasoline and diesel, and automobile gasoline and diesel consumption account for more than 80% of the total consumption of refined oil. Therefore, increasing carbon emission reduction in the automotive sector has important practical significance for China's carbon neutrality goal.
>> The automotive market is huge, and ownership and sales volume add pressure to the task of reducing emissions
As the world's largest auto market, China's higher car ownership and sales have increased the pressure on the realization of carbon emission reduction tasks. As of 2020, the total number of vehicles is 281 million, and the number of new energy vehicles is 4.92 million. In 2020, a total of 25.311 million vehicles were sold in the Chinese market, of which 20.178 million were passenger cars, accounting for about 80% of total automobile sales. A total of 5,133,000 commercial vehicles were sold (including 4,685,000 trucks and 448,000 buses).
The penetration rate of new energy vehicles continues to grow in China, and the sales volume of new energy vehicles in 2 0 20 years reached 1 3 6. 70,000 units, up 10.9% year-on-year. Among them, sales of pure electric vehicles reached 1.116 million units, and plug-in hybrid vehicles sold 251,000 units.
The penetration rate of new energy vehicles continued to rise, reaching 5.4% in 2020.
In the long run, car sales will continue to grow. According to the World Bank, China's car ownership was 173 in 2019, only about one-fifth of that of the United States, and far lower than the car ownership of Malaysia (433), Russia (373) and Brazil (350) with the average GDP of Chinese. With the continuous development of the economy, the improvement of the urbanization rate and the expansion of the metropolitan area, the demand for residents' travel will further increase, and the sales and ownership of passenger cars are expected to increase at the same time. It is expected that China's car ownership will continue to grow for a long time in the future.
02
How to achieve carbon reduction?
Carbon emissions in the automotive and transportation sectors involve two links, one is manufacturing and the other is the use link. In recent years, China has formulated and implemented a series of policies and action plans for emission control and emission reduction in the automotive sector, involving the electrification transformation of automobiles, the adjustment of travel structure, the improvement of transportation efficiency, the improvement of fuel economy, and the upgrading of vehicle technology.
In 2020, the State Council issued the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)", proposing that by 2025, the sales volume of new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales of new vehicles, and by 2035, pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles. The "Carbon Peak Action Plan before 2030" issued by the State Council proposes that by 2030, the proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered vehicles will reach about 40%.
>> increase the proportion of green energy use and accelerate the transformation of traditional fuel vehicles into new energy vehicles
In terms of carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of vehicles, the carbon emissions at the vehicle use stage account for the highest proportion. According to the "China New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Report (2021)", the use of carbon emissions accounts for 90% of the total carbon emissions of automobiles, accounting for more than 80% of the total carbon emissions of the entire transportation sector. Increasing the substitution effect of new energy vehicles on traditional fuel vehicles can effectively improve the carbon emissions of automobile use. Relevant data show that compared with fuel vehicles, new energy passenger cars reduce carbon emissions by about 15 million tons per year during the use phase. Therefore, accelerating the transformation of traditional fuel vehicles to zero-emission vehicles is an important way to achieve carbon peaking and carbon emission reduction in the automotive sector as soon as possible.
Accelerate the construction of high-power fast charging infrastructure for new energy vehicles
Charging infrastructure is a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of the new energy automobile industry and an important support for promoting the goal of carbon neutrality in the automobile industry. At present, the development of high-power fast charging mainly faces the problems of imperfect top-level planning, high pressure on enterprise R&D investment, long construction cycle and high economic costs. It is necessary to strengthen policy guidance and comprehensively promote the planning and layout of high-power fast charging networks; strengthen policy guidance, and comprehensively promote the planning and layout of high-power fast charging networks; strengthen construction service guarantees, and promote the popularization of high-power charging infrastructure.
>> the coordination of upstream and downstream industrial chains, and promote emission control and carbon reduction in the production, research and development and after-sales links
In order to achieve carbon reduction targets in the automotive industry, carbon reduction is not only reflected in whether the cars produced are zero emissions, but also in the raw material supply side, production side and after-sales process. For example, in the R&D phase, the modular design is added to reduce the carbon emissions in the dismantling and recycling stages, and at the same time, in the production stage, the carbon reduction action is carried out with green and environmentally friendly renewable materials. For vehicle companies, while assuming their own responsibilities, they must also drive the upstream and downstream industrial chains to move forward together. For example, when Daimler announced the "2039" plan, it proposed to promote suppliers and partners to follow the "carbon neutrality" plan in order to achieve the "carbon neutrality" goal of the supply chain as a whole; BMW Group said that it will strengthen the research and development capabilities and emission reduction capabilities of the entire industry chain. OEMs can also add more carbon emission requirements to promote more carbon reduction in the parts manufacturing process.
>> Promote the construction of an automotive carbon trading system
For the automotive industry, build a carbon trading market in line with national conditions, gradually establish a carbon trading mechanism, replace subsidies in the form of "carbon reduction incentives", encourage users to participate in low-carbon travel, and promote the overall carbon emissions of the industry to decline and achieve industrial structure upgrading. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish detailed rules and regulations and legal supervision to build a fair, fair and open price system; on the other hand, starting from the perspective of industrial development itself, promote the landing of double carbon from the perspective of the whole life cycle of vehicles and timely introduce user incentive policies for using low-carbon or zero-emission vehicles to travel, and encourage everyone to join green travel with carbon footprint and carbon behavior.
(Environmental Ecology Network)
Editor-in-Charge: Fan Wenjia