Safety education is an extremely important part of school education and is increasingly valued by parents. How to create a safe and orderly campus and family environment, jointly build a defense line for youth safety education, and improve the safety awareness and ability of primary and secondary school students is a topic of common concern to the whole society. Today is the 27th National Primary and Secondary School Students Safety Education Day, China Education News Network "Education Roundtable Faction" invited several experts and scholars to discuss the safety education of primary and secondary school students, let us hold up a solid "safety umbrella" for teenagers.
Interviewees:
Shirley Vaziri Fryes, Editor-in-Chief of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Psychological Upbringing.
Senior psychology teacher at Li Yanyue Middle School. He is a director of the Guangdong Psychological Crisis Intervention Committee and a member of the Clinical Psychology and Supervision Committee of the Guangdong Psychological Association.
Sunny day mother Master of Peking University, national second-level psychological counselor, Peking University Psychological Association invited counselor.
Moderator of this issue: Peng Shiyun, reporter of China Education News Network
Reporter: An important part of safety education is life safety education. One of the themes of life safety education is the exercise of children's survival skills. How to better develop children's survival skills and life skills?
Sunny day mom: 1% of accidents are 100% disasters for children. Safety is no small matter, and safety education should also be a compulsory course for parents.
First, both parents and children need to be clear about which situations pose a danger or threat to them. For example: the balcony should never place things like flower pots or empty boxes that will make children climb; pay attention to the situation that there is water in the bathtub or some bath water left, which will cause the child to drown; irons, heating stoves, kettles, hot coffee on the table, miso soup, etc., if you are not careful, you will burn the child, you should put them where the child can't get it; insecticides, crayons, drawing aids, buttons and other such items will be inadvertently swallowed by the child and so on.
Second, do three small things. First, don't "herd sheep." Before elementary school, try not to let the child be alone at home, even if you go downstairs to buy vegetables, you can't lock the child at home. Second, advance science popularization. Raise safety awareness, let children understand the situation that may be dangerous in advance, and what measures to take to help themselves after the danger occurs. Third, show children more safety education picture book stories to help children form a concept of safety.
Fryes: When it comes to developing children's survival skills, the first thing to do is to make children understand that natural or man-made disasters can affect anyone. As children approach secondary school age, "knowing what to do in an emergency" is an important survival skill. Parents can involve their children in some emergency preparedness measures to help their children learn important survival skills. Emergency preparedness measures include placing emergency equipment kits in homes or vehicles, as well as developing emergency plans. Flashlights, batteries, bottled water, convenience foods and clothing can be released in emergency equipment kits, and expired food can be replaced regularly. Contingency plans include emergency communications, transportation and reunion programmes. Children should know their parents' names, phone numbers, and home addresses.
In terms of life skills, try to get your child to master in the process of doing housework. Parents can communicate and negotiate with their children to develop an age-appropriate choreograph or task list to visualize the tasks to be completed. Children aged 6-7 can make their own beds, set tableware before meals and clean up the table after meals, etc.; children aged 8-10 can sweep the floor, organize washed clothes and buy back food or groceries. Children aged 11-12 can change sheets, wash clothes, cook a simple meal under the guidance of their parents, etc. Please do not seek perfection, this is a process of learning and growth, and children will slowly hone their skills. In this process, please appreciate your child's efforts and not pay too much attention to the results. Be consistent and make housework a regular and habitual practice, not an occasional thing.
Reporter: The connotation of safety education is quite rich, in addition to life safety education, it also includes mental health education, adolescent education, etc. How can parents more comprehensively understand safety education? Can you give parents some advice on mental health education and adolescent education?
Li Yanyue: In recent years, the phenomenon of suicide among adolescents has occurred from time to time, and it is particularly important to prevent the suicidal behavior of adolescents and pay attention to children's mental health.
First of all, optimize the family education environment so that children can grow mentally and healthily. First, parents should adjust their expectations in a timely manner and put forward realistic expectations and requirements for their own situation. At the same time, enrich learning and life, according to the psychological characteristics and hobbies of children at different ages, create a space for children to fully develop their physical and mental potential. Otherwise, it will increase the psychological burden and pressure of the child. The second is to adjust the family atmosphere and parent-child relationship. Parents should pay attention to more communication and communication with their children, respect, understanding, tolerance, trust, and motivation of children, so that they can not only understand the troubles in their children's growth in time, but also help and support children to bravely face difficulties and setbacks in life, which is conducive to enhancing parent-child relationships and forming children's good character characteristics.
Secondly, early detection of signs of suicide in adolescent children, timely and keen attention to the child's abnormal reactions. For example, it can be diagnosed from the child's language, such as "living is really meaningless", "simply dead", or sudden silence, or words that do not meet the intentions, etc.; you can also find abnormalities from the child's behavior changes, such as truancy from school, suddenly not going home, or not interacting with people, locked in the house all day, or returning books one by one, returning money and other abnormal behaviors; In addition, you can also diagnose and find from the child's physical signs, such as insomnia, restlessness, depression, no appetite, extreme fatigue, weight loss, physiological dysfunction, Autonomic disorders, etc. These situations require timely professional help, such as more communication with the class teacher, help from the school's psychological teacher, or the hospital's psychologist and psychological counselor. After diagnosis of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, they should actively seek medical treatment and follow the doctor's instructions, cooperate with drug treatment and carry out psychological counseling. Once parents find that their children have signs of suicide, they should immediately contact the school, and the home, school, and society should jointly form a social support system, carry out key psychological assistance, help children release bad emotions, channel psychological dead knots, and adjust the living environment as soon as possible to eliminate unfavorable factors.
Finally, to prevent adolescent suicide, we should not only hope to find abnormal reactions before the child's suicide, but also require parents to pay long-term attention to the child, pay attention to the child's mental health, and help the child to do a good job in spiritual sub-health prevention. For example, it trains children to cope with the psychological endurance of various stressful events in life; guides the establishment of trustworthy interpersonal relationships; teaches children methods of self-emotion regulation, such as systematic relaxation, anxiety transfer, emotional leakage, and self-suggestion.
Sunny Day Mom: Adolescence is not a "big child" nor a "little adult", it is a special stage of physical and mental development that requires more love and space, freedom and self.
Parents can pay more attention to the following aspects: help children develop real preferences; talk less about achievements, talk more about progress; more decentralization, set the necessary boundaries; allow children to play games, star chase, develop hobbies, etc.; encourage social expansion, same-sex friends, teachers and elders are good support; pay attention to sex education and safety education; chat more, less preaching.
Reporter: In the information age, children's life and learning are inseparable from the Internet, but at the same time, the phenomenon of cyberbullying, online fraud, and online sexual assault spawned by the Internet is also common, how to better carry out network security education among primary and secondary school students?
Sunny Day Mom: This generation of children are all Internet natives, it is impossible to completely get rid of electronic products and media environment, but it can improve children's media literacy and tool awareness.
Parents should take the initiative to screen and provide children with high-quality viewing content; set rules to tell children that they can take the initiative to tell parents when they see strange pictures; increase interaction, increase high-quality companionship time, and replace pure electronic interaction with interesting parent-child companionship; refuse hosting, don't completely dump the child to the "electronic nanny", too high-intensity digital media "invasion" itself is harmful; use play interaction to increase the child's understanding and observation of growth, so that children in stories, art, painting, performance, Work with parents in activities such as role-playing to shape the right values. It is also necessary to resist "toxic content" and encourage "film ratings". Children are not a miniature version of adults, maintain the child's growth environment, parents do more, institutions pay more attention, children's audiovisual content can be healthier.
If your child is already addicted to the game, time-limited, fixed scenes, preferred content, and high-quality interactions are recommended. Replace the participation of "electronic moms" and "electronic dads" with higher quality companionship. Providing children with a more interesting and real interactive experience is of great benefit to their children's growth. Play is the most important way for children to grow, and those who have more fun will not be addicted to video games. For the Internet and its derivatives, parents can hold a "play and watch" mentality together, rather than the idea of alternative parenting, in order to harvest a more intimate parent-child relationship.
Reporter: For safety education, what many parents often do is to "order and prohibit" and "repeatedly advise", in addition, what other ways can better achieve the purpose of safety education?
Fryes: To help children manage their own behavior, parents should establish good parent-child communication with their children, form reasonable expectations for their children's behavior, and master effective discipline methods. Communication is a two-way street, and if you make good use of praise and other positive forms of discipline, your child will feel that you have listened carefully to his words, feel respected, and will naturally respond positively to you.
When your child's behavior improves, recognize and reward him in time. There are many ways to reinforce positively, including expressing affection, praise, eye contact, point rewards, or special event rewards. Other efforts to improve behavior, such as punishment, are unlikely to work without aligning positive reinforcement measures. In addition, "behavior contracts", "consequences", "temporary privileges" and other methods can help parents to carry out safety education.
Li Yanyue: There are many ways for parents to carry out daily safety education, and the purpose is to make the content of safety education more acceptable to children. There are some methods that parents can choose from:
1． By reading safety education picture books or posters, help children understand "self-protection awareness cultivation", "public place safety", "sexual safety education", "daily life safety" and other content. Different picture books or posters carry out safety education in different ways. Posters are mainly divided into two categories: positive propaganda words, illustrating the benefits of caution and safety, and negative posters, which point out the consequences of carelessness and blindness. For example, the "Self-protection Awareness Training" from Germany this set of picture books is very classic, each book explores a most common problem of self-protection, the plot of each story is clear and clear, the whole book is divided into 2 series and 4 books, the first series: "I don't go with you", "Don't want to bully me", the second series: "I will not go away", "Absolutely can not keep the secret".
2． Watch safety education videos with your child. In addition to films specially produced for training, there are many excellent films that also focus on the topic of safety education. For example, the following movies, parents patiently watched, can also get inspiration from them. Such as "Blind Mountain", "Dear", "Children Are Not Stupid 2", "Young You" and so on.
3． Accompany your child on an exhibition about safety education. Visiting the exhibition is one of the means to let children understand the hazards and learn to eliminate them in a realistic and direct way.
4． Accompany your children to carefully study the learning materials, videos, courseware, etc. of the safety education platform released by the school.
5． Pay attention to safety promotional materials. Safety collateral also includes brochures, leaflets and slogans. Young children can read together; for children in senior grades, children can be encouraged to understand the knowledge related to safety education by making cartoons and other forms.
Sunny Day Mom: Safety education is not about preaching, it is about taking children to explore with boundaries. First of all, it is necessary to punish naturally and experience it in moderation. Take advantage of the discomfort caused by moderately bearing the consequences within the safe range to make the child feel empathy. For example, bathing and choking, popular science drowning prevention knowledge; cup water temperature is high, popular science anti-burn knowledge; home cooking, popular science fire prevention knowledge and so on.
Second, you can role-play and conduct security drills. Let the child feel the whole process in the game and simulated situation. For example, the first lesson of students in Germany and Japan is safety education, earthquake and fire escape drills, and because of such drills, even if natural disasters occur frequently in these areas, student safety accidents rarely occur.
Then, skillfully use tools, "borrow chickens to lay eggs". Picture books, animations, news and other content and materials on safety education topics can be watched and chatted with children.
The best protection for parents for their children is to help them develop the wisdom of recognizing dangers and the ability to stay away from dangers from an early age.
Reporter: How to do a good job of home-school coordination in safety education?
Fryes: One of the greatest assets of children is having parents who are willing to participate in their education and school life. If parents can actively participate in their children's education process and work together with the school, not only their children will benefit a lot, but even their children's classmates will benefit from it.
Parents should be fully aware of the rules that their child's school has set for their child in terms of safety and understand the purpose of these rules. When you encounter problems, maintain effective communication with teachers and schools. Respect for teachers and school administrators, parents and schools share a common goal, which is to educate children well. Therefore, parents should understand the school and cooperate with the school, rather than fighting with the school.
Sunny Day Mom: The most important thing is to give the child "enough love" to help the child build trust in parents and teachers. Children who have seen love and cooperation are stronger at heart, braver, more willing to seek help, and less likely to be hurt. Helping children correctly understand that harming the body, safety education, bullying education, gender education, sex education, death education, etc., are all very important parts. Having love, friends, support, and being able to protect yourself and protect each other with the forces around you is the destination of safety education.
■ Links
The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Security jointly deployed the 27th National Safety Education Day for Primary and Secondary School Students
A few days ago, the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, together with the Public Security Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, issued the "Notice on Carrying Out the Activities of the National Safety Education Day for Primary and Secondary School Students" to make comprehensive arrangements for the safety education day activities.
The circular requires that local education departments and public security organs should deeply understand the extreme importance of doing a good job in safety education, strengthen overall planning and coordination, formulate practical and feasible work plans, and extensively carry out various types of theme education activities to effectively help the campus continue to be safe and stable.
The circular emphasizes that local education departments and public security organs should work together with relevant departments to popularize campus safety knowledge, teach safety protection actions, enhance primary and secondary school students' awareness of safety precautions, and enhance their self-protection capabilities. It is necessary to innovate the form of activities, effectively achieve edutainment and education, and enhance the vividness, interest and experience of activities. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of their respective functions and actively develop and guide schools to produce various activity resources.
The circular requires that education departments and public security organs in all localities should do a good job in publicizing safety education days through various channels, create a good atmosphere of public opinion, and promote the whole society to jointly care about the safety of primary and secondary schools. It is necessary to make overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and safety education day activities, strictly control the density of personnel, and strictly prevent the occurrence of clustered epidemics. It is necessary to strictly implement the filing and review system for campus activities, and it is strictly forbidden to publish, entrain, print and distribute commercial advertisements and carry out commercial publicity in any form in activities.
Regarding safety education, you can read these books
