The first paragraph of the text simply describes Cai Yi, followed by the main text, very wonderful, to restore a historical mysterious Cai Yi. Can you say that you can be called the father of China's modern army?
Cai Yi
Cai Yi (蔡锷), formerly known as Gun yin (艮寅), was born on December 18, 1882 in Baoqing (present-day Shaoyang), Hunan. He was born into a poor peasant family and grew up in a poor family.
Cai Yi was brilliant from an early age, studying at the age of 6, taking the exam at the age of 13, and standing out from 2,000 young talents at the age of 15 and being admitted to the Shiwu Academy set up in the provincial capital Changsha. He studied under Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong, and established a deep friendship between teachers and students. Later, he entered Shanghai Nanyang Public School (the predecessor of today's "Shanghai Jiao Tong University").
In 1899, he went to Japan and studied at Tokyo Daido High School and Yokohama East Asia Business School. At this time, under the corrupt Qing Dynasty, China was shattered, its national strength was weak, its imperialism was blind, and its national crisis was unprecedentedly serious. Like many enthusiastic young people, Cai Yi was in a hurry and sought a way to save the country and the people. He wrote in a poem: "Shed blood to save the people for generations, and a thousand autumns and gallbladders are self-rotating", pouring out his patriotic ambitions.
In Japan, Cai Yi was eager to learn military knowledge while painstakingly thinking about ways to save China. In February 1902, he published an article entitled "Military and National Articles" in the "Xinmin Cong Bao" founded by Liang Qichao, expounding his salvation of the country and the salvation of democracy. He believes that the reason why China is "weak in national strength and depressed in vitality" is mainly due to backward education, outdated thinking, weak physique, and inferior weapons. If the above ills are to be changed, "militarism" must be practiced.
This is a talented teenager who came out of a poor peasant family, step by step to Changsha, then to Shanghai, and finally to Japan. From the poor and isolated ancient villages to the forefront of that era, carrying the new flame of that era, igniting the old things that blocked the progress of the era, and a cremation buried More than two thousand years of feudal rule in China.
Cai Yi's experience in the first twenty years (poor and impoverished countries, many people killed in the uprising of teachers and friends) shaped his patriotic and worried character. After the age of 20, Cai Yi abandoned his pen and was admitted to the non-commissioned officer school from Rong, just like everything was arranged in advance by fate, Cai Yi's open life entered the fast lane.
In October 1904, Cai Yi graduated with honors from the third phase of the Japanese Army Non-Commissioned Officer School, the first place in that period was Jiang Fangzhen, the second place was Cai Yi, and the third and fourth places were Sadao Araki and Masazaki Heisaburō.
Sadao Araki and Masazaki Issaburo were well-known figures in the process of Japanese fascism, and later they became the top leaders of the Japanese Army and planned many far-reaching events in Japan and abroad, such as China's "918 in the Three Eastern Provinces", "Shanghai 128", and Japan's "226 Mutiny". It is hard to imagine how a non-commissioned officer from a pen and a scholarly background could obtain the Japanese Emperor's Sabre, who represents the best graduates, while studying at a military academy with those powerful military figures in Japan in the future, how unparalleled perseverance, talent, and talent.
In the chaotic era in which Cai lived, China's Renjie was faced with the task of overthrowing the old system and establishing a new democratic republic. After returning to China, Cai Yi successively held military positions in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, and Yunnan, and was highly valued by political leaders from all sides.
In 1906, the Qing court held the Autumn Exercise of the New Army in Henan, and as a new sharp point in the military circles, Cai Yi was ordered to observe the exercise and served as the central judge. It was this time that he met Yuan Shikai. This is the first time the two big guys have met.
In the summer of 1911, while in Yunnan, Cai Yi wrote his most famous military work, The Quotations of Zeng Hu Zhibing. In July, the governor of Yungui, Li Jingxi, appointed Cai Yi as the commander of the 37th Association of the Nineteenth Town of the New Army. It was a very timely appointment: on October 10, the First Uprising of Wuchang in Xinhai broke out.
On the night of October 30, the Chongjiu Uprising in Kunming broke out. The next day, Kunming was restored. On November 1, the officers and soldiers of the uprising formed the "Yunnan Military Governor's Palace of the Greater China State", and Cai Yi was elected as the Governor of Yunnan. He was twenty-nine years old.
Stills of the legendary soul of the Guardian Army, Yunnan Chongjiu Uprising
On New Year's Day 1912, the Republic of China was established. In October of the following year, Cai was transferred to Beijing and held various positions in the central government. At that time, he was understanding and supportive of yuan, trying to help establish a strong central government, strictly unifying and building, and opposing Sun Yat-sen's frequent rise of troops. He also advocated the "non-party doctrine" of the military.
In the second half of 1915, Yuan Shikaili made zhi faint, and the ambitions of the imperial system's own wolf were gradually revealed. For Cai Yi, on the one hand, he was closely guarded, and on the other hand, he was bound by many parties. He said to his right and left cronies: "The essence of this man is far above that of Huang Xing and the People's Party, that is, Song Jiaoren may not be matched."
Cai Yi had already seen through Yuan Shikai's ghost tricks, was unmoved, and had other plans. But he is a man of deep wisdom and courage, who is introverted, vain and snake, and silent.
On December 12, Yuan Shikai accepted the throne. On the 19th, Cai Yi got rid of surveillance, went through hardships, passed thousands of miles, arrived in Kunming, and made decisions with Tang Jiyao, the overseer of Yunnan, against Yuan, first salute and then soldiers. First electrify. But Yuan Shikai's mud was already deep and he refused to turn back. On the 25th, Cai Yi, Tang Jiyao, and others declared the independence of Yunnan, organized a national defense army, and armed yuan. This opened the first shot in the defense of the Republic, and the Patriotic War broke out.
Film and television: Cai Yi, the Great General of the Protectorate
In January 1916, Cai Yi led an army to Sichuan and fought a bitter battle against Yuan Jun, crushing Yuan Shikai's ambition to rely on the control of the northern warlords over the provinces and claim the title of emperor. Yuan Shikai was devastated, internally and externally troubled, and after 83 days of poor Baba's addiction to the Guanmen Emperor, he died on June 6 of that year.
The next day, Li Yuanhong was inaugurated as the president. The national system of the Republic of China was maintained, and the Patriotic War was victorious. The central government appointed Cai Yi as the governor of Sichuan.
However, Cai Yi was suffering from throat tuberculosis, which was an incurable disease at that time, and he was already ill and unsupportable. After seeing the incident for a long time, he asked the central government for leave for medical treatment. On August 9, he left Chengdu and went east along the river, and the two sleeves of the breeze came out of the door. At the end of the month, he went to Shanghai and then traveled east to Japan and entered the Faculty of Medicine of Kyushu Imperial University.
On November 8, 1916, Cai Yi, a great man who recreated the republic, died in Japan. I was four years old when Chinese New Year's Eve!
The one who shouted, "I resist the whole situation in a corner, knowing that there is no hope, but instead of bending my knees, I would rather die by cutting off my head." In this righteousness, the contender is not victorious, but the personality of forty thousand people. "Cai Yi has left us." It was he who led the Kunming Xinhai Chongjiu Uprising and restored Yunnan. It was he who refused all inducements, overcame countless dangers and obstacles, risked death, launched and led the patriotic movement, re-created the republic, won the personality of the people, and made the concept of democracy and republicanism deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Film and television Cai Yi
He is also the first person to be buried in China. Later generations often discussed: "General Cai Yi did not die young, whether there will be a later warlord melee."
On August 9, 1916, on the day he left Chengdu, Cai Yi said to Chen Xianliang: I expect that the future guest troops will inevitably be expelled by the Sichuan people, and the situation in the southwest will return to chaos. You told Yungao (Chen Xiaoling, then the guard of Chuanbian Town) that he was stationed in Yazhou and could not advance eastward. The Huafengge regiment led by Yin Shuhuan was the most elite of the Dian Army, with strong combat effectiveness and good discipline. In the future, Shu Huan will be stationed in the arrow furnace and Yungao will be stationed in Yazhou, hoping that the two of them will sincerely help each other, and if I have a turnaround after I go to Japan, I can return to Sichuan and discuss the big plan with them again. ’......”
Facts have proved Cai Yi's prophecy, and it also shows that his acumen and overall view are far more than those of the generals of Dianchuan, but rely on public will and do not seek selfish interests. Cai Yi served ten days as the governor of Sichuan, focusing mainly on restoring order and reducing the army. His idea was to establish the "three-two-one system", that is, the third division of the Sichuan Army, the second division of the Dian Army, and the first division of the Qian Army, in order to reduce the economic burden of the Sichuan people after the war, and this arrangement also showed full respect for the Sichuan Army. After Cai Yi left Sichuan, Luo Peijin, the acting overseer, adhered to Tang Jiyao's will to strengthen Dian and weak Sichuan, not only expanded the Sichuan garrison into seven divisions, but also deliberately excluded Sichuan soldiers in personnel appointments, and the military salaries of the Dian division were also much larger than those of the Sichuan division. After Cai Yi heard about it, he bitterly said that he had "misled the country and mistaken the river." Luo Peijin's mischievous measures aroused strong dissatisfaction among the Sichuan people and the Sichuan army, and finally caused a catastrophe in 1917. But at this time, Cai Yi had also died.
It can be inferred that Cai Yi has already seen the direction of the Sichuan situation, and of course will not abandon it. As long as his physical condition permitted, he was likely to serve as the overseer of Sichuan for a period of time, on the one hand, to rectify the situation so that Sichuan Province could recuperate; on the other hand, he could also suppress Tang Jiyao's growing expansion ambitions and stabilize and coordinate the situation in the entire southwest. With Cai Yi's reputation at that time, as well as his consistent grand duke's selfless style of handling affairs, he sat in Chengdu, and all kinds of powerful people did not dare to make a mistake, and Sichuan Province did not cause continuous wars and disasters. That is to say, if Cai Yi survives, at least the history of the warlords in the southwest will be rewritten.
Film Cai Yi
It is undeniable that the Patriotic War pushed Cai Yi's reputation to the peak, and in the eyes of all the people, he was a savior hero, and he no longer belonged to the localities, but to the whole of China. Therefore, it is conceivable that his term of office in Sichuan will not be very long, and the state and the people will have more expectations of him and will put greater responsibility on his shoulders. Cai Yi's personal ideals are not only in governing the place. As early as 1909, he had stated in Guangxi that in order to achieve China's independence and freedom, it was necessary to defeat at least one imperialist country. Seven or eight years later, although the Manchu Qing Dynasty was removed and the first democratic republic in Asia was established, China's international status and backward appearance did not change much. China is still a sub-colonial country, and the danger of being divided, cannibalized, and invaded has not been eliminated. Therefore, the day before Cai Gong led the defending army into Chengdu, he expressed his heart to Liu Xianshi: "Brother often said that the rule of Shu was not effective for more than ten years. ...... The special prosperity is also, and the brother is very indifferent. ...... The Northern Army's Park Yong is the national champion, but it is a pity to have less national ideology and military intelligence, and the virtuous generals can indeed plant the foundation of the national army by taking the lead of Dong. The brother wants to be in the middle of it, and for this reason he will improve the wire." Cai Yi's greatest wish is to train the army, forge a national defense force for the country that can be relied on, show strength in the future battlefield, re-establish the great power of China, and make China regain the respect it deserves.
In Cai Yi's military thinking, the emphasis was on training the army. He stressed that military personnel must have a national ideology and dedication spirit, must become the pillar of the state and the elite of society, must be the forerunner of civilization and progress, and must use their own thoughts and actions to invigorate the people's morale, make it easier for the people to be popular, and infect and drive the people of the country to be positive. He demanded that servicemen love the country and the people, strictly observe military discipline, and be diligent in conducting exercises; he demanded that officers and soldiers have the same affection for fathers and sons, and that soldiers and soldiers be like brothers and sisters. Cai Yi was sure that in the war against foreign powers, the material conditions on the mainland were bound to lag behind greatly, and only when the Chinese soldiers were better than the enemy in terms of spiritual and moral strength, were loyal and unswerving, and were tenacious and indomitable, and at the same time taking advantage of the vast depth of the mainland's territory, opening up the battle line, fighting step by step, and taking every step as a battalion, could they fight to the end and eventually drag down the enemy. Cai Yi put forward the concept of exchanging space for time in the "Quotations of Zeng Hu Zhibing" and put forward the theory of protracted war.
Cai Yi has both such talents and such a desire, and naturally he has a good chance to pay off his long-cherished wish to build the national army.
Film and television Cai Yi
At the beginning of the all-out outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhu De mentioned Cai E in an interview with reporters, saying, "He (Cai Yi) advocated that when fighting against foreign aggressors in the future, we should use mobile warfare and guerrilla warfare, and we should lure the enemy to go deep and eliminate them." The foresight of this great strategy is particularly worthy of note today. Zhu De also recalled that Cai Yi was known for his command tactics, and he taught me many things.
Before his death, Cai Yi, because he saw the flight performance of the Japanese Air Force, once lamented that "if this object (refers to the aircraft) is used in the military, it will become a sharp weapon." He believes that China should follow Japan's mastery of aircraft technology and form an air force. Unfortunately, soon after, Cai Yi died and could not see Chinese flying the plane. During World War II, the Japanese Air Force did have a good time and achieved great results, but unfortunately it was caught by Cai Yi.
Cai Yi was known as the god of war, he was only thirty-four years old when he died, he was young and light, and he died young, and Liu Bocheng, who was also a military god, said that General Cai Yi's military management strategy was indeed superior.
Later generations of historical research experts have commented: If Cai Yi had not died young, I am afraid that the history of the Republic of China period would have been completely rewritten.
At the age of thirty-four, none of the celebrities of our Party had the great influence of Cai Yi in China, and Chairman Mao began to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising at the age of 34 to carry out the reorganization of the Three Bays and go to Jinggangshan. Mr. Zhu joined the Communist Party at the age of 36. Before the age of 34, Cai Yi was the most outstanding young military leader of that era, and the idol of many young soldiers, including Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Li Zongren and so on. He is a great patriot of modern times, a famous politician, a military man, and a democratic revolutionary. Moreover, there are military books left in the world, and zeng Hu Zhibing quotations, which have far-reaching influence.
Now when we mention the father of China's modern army, many people think of Yuan Shikai, in fact, Yuan Shikai's military and Cai E's military thinking are different, Yuan Shikai's military training is to seek power, to control the army for personal gain, not even a military giant He also has no military writings Military cultivation is even worse than Cai E, and the later father of the Red Army, Zhu De, regarded Cai Yi as his mentor and guiding light.
As Chen Yi said, the development course of our army over the past few decades is still in accordance with what President Zhu said.
Liu Bocheng said that Zhu De is a great mentor to our Chinese soldiers.
Zhu Deneng became the commander of the army and a military mentor, and a considerable part of his military knowledge and training mode also benefited from the teachings of Cai Yi at that time. For example, when he was the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, Zhu De still thought that Cai E's Zeng Hu Zhibing quotations were still of great use to him in leading his troops to fight, so it should be okay to call Cai E the father of China's modern army, right?
Cai Yi real photo