BRM1A: 36 Jade Fish
Length 8.4, width 1.5, thickness 0.3 cm
Gray-brown jade with attachments such as cinnabar. On the one hand, it is seriously qined, and on the other hand, the jade is well preserved, which should be related to the buried environment. Perforation is a one-way punch. This piece of jade fish and BRM1A:39 form a pair, the jade is similar, but the shape is slightly different, it should be the same jade "folio forming" work. That is, the same jade material, after the completion of the material, each of them is formed and completed. The fish was unearthed on the right side of the tomb owner's chest.
BRM1A: 39 Jade Fish
Length 9.8, width 1.8, thickness 0.3 cm
Gray-brown jade with attachments such as cinnabar. On the one hand, it is seriously affected by Qin, and on the other hand, the jade is well preserved. The perforation is a two-way punch. This piece of jade fish and BRM1 A:36 is a pair, both excavated on the right side of the chest of the tomb owner.
"On the Rise of the Ancient City in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River"
Meng Huaping, "Qingguo Collection: A Collection of Essays commemorating the Tenth Anniversary of the Founding of the Department of Archaeology of Jilin University", pp. 155-161, Knowledge Publishing House, 1998
This paper discusses the reasons for the rise of prehistoric ancient cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River based on the basic characteristics of prehistoric ancient cities found in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many prehistoric ancient cities found in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, among which some information has been published in Shijiahe City, Majiakeng City, Yinxiang City, Zomaling City and Chengtou Mountain City. They are mostly semi-circular in shape on the western edge of the two lakes plain. Most of the above ancient cities were built during the Qujialing culture and abandoned in the early Shijiahe culture. During the Qujialing cultural period, the cultural structure of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River underwent significant changes, which had an important impact on the "sudden" rise of a series of ancient cities in the region at this time. The social and economic development of Qujialing culture has undergone tremendous changes compared with the past. 1. Rice farming has become the main sector of agricultural production.
2. The emergence of a new type of handicraft industry - copper smelting. 3. The pottery technology was further improved, the wheeling technology was generally promoted, the pottery production was more stylized, and the shape of the utensils was beautiful and simple, which greatly met the needs of social life at that time. 4. The population has increased significantly as a result of the increase in labour productivity and the development of rice agriculture. 5. The gap between the rich and the poor has further intensified. 6. Large worship centers appear. 7. A distinction between central settlements and subordinate settlements appears. The rapid development of the level of cultural productivity in Qujialing has led to the rapid growth of the population and the accumulation of a large amount of social wealth, a small number of people using the power in their hands to obtain wealth, and the formation of power classes and ancestor worship constitutes the political basis for maintaining Qujialing culture.
The rise of the ancient city during the Qujialing cultural period was not only not sudden, but had many inevitable foundations. The Ancient City of Qujialing Culture is a complex system composed of multi-level city sites, which is the product of its social contradictions and conflicts. It reflects that the Qujialing cultural society is a complex political entity with a large population, a clear differentiation of rich and poor, and a multi-level management agency, similar to many characteristics of the "chieftain society", which can be used as a typical representative of China's early national civilization. Unfortunately, the early national civilization of the Qujialing culture did not flourish in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, but was destroyed in the conflict with the civilization of the Longshan era in the Central Plains during the Shijiahe culture period.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and illustrations are from the book "National Jade", edited by the Aurora Civilization Research Center of Peking University, and published in 2010