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Ruins of Wenchuan Jiang wei city
According to the Records of Wenchuan County (vol. 26, chapter 7, p. 723), the Old Book of Tang, the site of Jiang Weicheng, says: "During the reign of Shu Liu Chan, the generals Jiang Wei and Ma Zhong discussed Wenshan...", around the tenth year (247) of Liu Chan's Yanxi Dynasty, he built a city on the terrace on the east bank of the Min River in present-day Weizhou, now commonly known as Jiang Weicheng. At present, the two ends of the remaining city wall are 30 meters long in the south, 9 meters high, and 1 to 1.5 meters in width; 55 meters in the west, concave in shape, and protruding from the corners of the wall, with a horse face protruding from the corners of the wall, 10.2 meters high and 5 meters thick. The walls are rammed with mud and buried in small logs for reinforcement.
Panorama of the ruins of Jiang Weicheng (Courtesy of Wenchuan County Museum)
In May 2006, the ruins of Jiang Weicheng were announced by the State Council as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Overview of the remains
Located in Weizhou Town, Wenchuan County, the ruins of Jiang Weicheng are one of the few sites in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River that covers a large area, has rich cultural connotations, has a period of 5,000 years, and has well-preserved cultural relics.
The ruins of Jiang Weicheng have cultural traces since the Neolithic Age, and then stretch for more than 5,000 years, and the humanistic history is extremely long, and it is the earliest, thickest, long-lasting and most representative important site found in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River so far. It gathers a wealth of underground cultural relics and monuments, and there are relatively concentrated Neolithic cultural relics within the site range, rammed earth wall ruins of Wenshan County in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Point General Platform, the Ming Dynasty stone city wall and the ancient tomb groups of the Han, Jin, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, which is an important site of the Qiang political, economic, military and cultural sites in history, with high historical value.
The site of Jiang Weicheng provides an important basis for exploring the sequence and chronicle of prehistoric cultures in this area, and at the same time provides new archaeological data for the relationship between the Neolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and the prehistoric cultures in the surrounding areas, and the interaction and exchange of prehistoric cultures in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Rammed Earth City Wall and Dianjiangtai of the Han Dynasty are one of the few Han Dynasty relics in Sichuan at present, and are of great value for the study of Han Dynasty urban history, social and economic conditions. Ancient tombs of past dynasties are first-hand physical materials for the study of the social, political, economic, historical, cultural and ethnic development of the region, and the scientific research value is high.
The Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty city walls of the Ruins of Jiang Weicheng are grand in scale, imposing and majestic, like the epitome of the Great Wall, and are one of the few city wall sites in Sichuan. The pottery excavated from the jiang weicheng site is unique in shape and exquisitely made, and has high artistic value.
As an ancient cultural site, the ruins of Jiang Weicheng have rich cultural connotations and are an important cultural landscape of Wenchuan County, which has created conditions for Wenchuan's cultural tourism industry, driven the development of the local economy, and has high social and cultural value.
Map of the Protected Location of Jiang Weicheng Ruins (Courtesy of Wenchuan County Museum)
Archaeological exploration of Jiang Weicheng
Neolithic site section
Due to the construction of rammed earth walls in the Han Dynasty and the frequent activities of human beings in the later period, the accumulation in the prehistoric period has been damaged, but the Neolithic accumulation part pressed under the foundation of the rammed earth wall is well preserved, and the accumulation thickness is 2-3 meters, and the accumulation thickness is nearly 4 meters in some places.
From May to July 2000, the archaeological team conducted an investigation and excavation of the site of Jiang Weicheng and found the accumulation of native culture in the prehistoric period of the site. From October to the end of December 2003, there were 17 exploration parties of 5 × 5 meters in the site. The 2000 survey and trial excavation and the 2003 excavation area totaled more than 500 square meters, and 40 Neolithic ash pits and 3 remains of house buildings were found. The neolithic ruins of Jiang Weicheng mainly include house living surfaces and ash pits. From the exposed part, the flat shape of the house is square, which may be double or multiple, which is a ground-type building. Ash pits are round, oval, or irregular in shape, and there are more inclusions in the pits. The artifacts excavated from the Neolithic cultural sites of Jiang Weicheng include pottery, jade axes and bone tools.
The pottery of pottery is mainly clay gray pottery, gray brown pottery, followed by red brown pottery, a small amount of black brown pottery, sand pottery accounts for a certain proportion, mostly sandwiched quartz and shale processed into granular coarse sand, pottery decoration is mainly plain surface, the center of the clay polished pottery accounts for the majority, jomon pattern always occupies the main position of pottery ornamentation, followed by additional pile pattern, string pattern, composite pattern (additional pile pattern on the rope pattern) cutout, checkered pattern, scratch pattern, tile ribs, milk nail pattern, etc.
Faience pottery shapes include pots, bottles, pots, pots, cylinders, ear, lids, spinning wheels and other utensils, pottery production to clay plate construction method, are handmade, some pottery has traces of slow wheel processing, clay pottery firing when the fire is higher, sand pottery firing low temperature.
Investigation of the excavation pit (Courtesy of Wenchuan County Museum)
The types of jade unearthed include stone tools, grinding stone tools and fine stone tools, and ground jade tools. The material of stone tools is made of gravel and schist, there are 23 pieces of stone axes, stone knives, stone net pendants, scrapers and other types of tools, and the most polished jade tools are processed with gravel and quartz rock materials. There are a total of 34 pieces of axes, hammers, chisels, stone knives, stone cakes, stone balls, rings, bracelets and other utensils. Fine stone tools are mostly made of flint and quartz, and there are 21 pieces of tools such as stone cores, random cutters, and stone hammers. There are more than 10 pieces of bone tools, such as antlers, aggregates, and bone cones.
Rammed earth walls in Wenshan County, Han Dynasty
(Remnants of Jiang Weicheng)
The two surviving remnants of the wall are located in the northern half of the Jiangweicheng Terrace and are superimposed on the Neolithic cultural sites. In the sixth year of the Western Han Dynasty (111 AD), Wenshan County was established here. The city site is rectangular, and now there are two sections of the west and south, the entire city wall is about 200 meters long from east to west, about 150 meters wide from north to south, and covers a total area of about 30,000 square meters.
Remnants of the Western Wall (Ma Mian) before the earthquake (Courtesy of Wenchuan County Museum)
The walls are rammed with yellow mud and are lined with sticks or logs. The west remnant wall is 10 meters high, the bottom remnant is 4 meters wide, the top width is 1 meter, and the length is 100 meters, and there is a horse face at the corner of the wall, which is 10 meters high, 10.3 meters wide and 15 meters long; the south remnant wall is 8 meters high, the bottom width is 3 meters, the top width is 1.3 meters, and the length is about 90 meters.
Ming Dynasty stone walls
It was built during the reign of Emperor Ming and has an oval layout. Piece of stone masonry, according to the mountain, south of the Yulei Mountain, the west of the mountain up to Jiang Wei City, the Neolithic faience pottery cultural sites, Han Dynasty Wenshan County site surrounded, the total length of 1700 meters, 4-6 meters high, 2-3 meters wide, wall battlements pheasant (cannon holes, arrow holes) 1600, majestic, as if the epitome of the Great Wall.
A section of the Ming Dynasty stone remnant wall (Courtesy of Wenchuan County Museum)
Strolling on the walls of the ancient city, all the magnificent mountains and rivers, the mind is suddenly open, reverie of the battle scenes in the city up and down the city, the flag is displayed, the soldiers and brave soldiers are waving the flag and shouting, the ten thousand arrows are fired in unison, and the killing sound is earth-shattering.
Point will be stationed
At the high point of the south east corner not far from the ruins of Jiang Weicheng, that is, 150 meters south of the ruins, there is a rammed mound of loess soil, commonly known as the Dianjiangtai. It is 9 meters long, 7 meters wide and 8 meters high, and is said to be the place where Jiang Wei dispatched troops.
Legend has it that standing on the point general platform will remind people of the battle scenes on the ancient city wall, where the flag covers the sun, the drums are noisy, the condescending, and the bows and arrows are fired. There is a poem: "Pingxiang Fuhan Libian Gong, Qianzai Peak Head Pheasant Xiongxiong, Fangshu Shangyu Camp Willow Green, Qingxia is still a cloud red." ”
Source: Zhizhong Aba (according to the journal "History of Xueyuan Text" of Aba Prefecture)
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