On May 7, the Central Civilization Office, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other four departments jointly issued the Opinions on Regulating Online Live BroadcastIng Tips and Strengthening the Protection of Minors (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). This is the first time that the live broadcasting industry has put forward special opinions on the protection of minors. Many articles in the Opinions also inherit and carry forward the newly revised Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (hereinafter referred to as the Law on the Protection of Minors).
The Beijing News Shell financial reporter had an exclusive interview with Sun Hongyan, director of the Institute of Children and Adolescents of the China Youth Research Center. In Sun Hongyan's view, the "Opinions" are problem-oriented, focusing on the main problems of minors' access to live broadcasting, compacting the responsibility of the platform, which is a refinement of the "Law on the Protection of Minors", and also gives the platforms the space for independent innovation, indicating that the state adheres to the idea of standardized and orderly development when managing the services of the live broadcast platform, and is also to promote the better development of the platform and better protect the growth of minors.
She pointed out that there is still some room for further advancement in the Opinions. For example, how to implement the "real-name system" and how to determine the guardianship of minors? How to allocate a dedicated audit team that is suitable for the scale of the business, etc.? "These spaces may be more refined in the future with the development of the live broadcasting industry and the further refinement of supervision."
Sun Hongyan, a researcher at the Institute of Children and Adolescents of the China Youth Research Center, provided a picture by the interviewee
Sun Hongyan has long been concerned about and researched the social development and family education of children and adolescents, the moral education of children, the cultivation of behavioral habits and other issues, and she also served as deputy secretary-general of the China Adolescent Research Association and director of the Professional Committee for Children and Adolescents, and deputy director of the Theoretical Research Professional Committee of the China Young Pioneers Work Society.
"There are both required and optional actions"
"The four departments jointly issued the "Opinions", indicating that the country attaches great importance to the problem of minors' access to online live broadcasting, and has made very specific regulations and management requirements for this." In the view of Sun Hongyan of the China Youth Research Center, the "Opinions" are a refinement of the "Law on the Protection of Minors", which is conducive to better promoting and deepening the protection of minors.
Sun Hongyan told Shell Financial Reporter that the "Opinions" are problem-oriented and focus on the main issues of minors' access to live broadcasting, such as tips, youth mode, and Lianmai PK (two or more live broadcasts are connected to compete in the list). The relevant specific provisions can also be said to be the implementation rules of the uninsured law on the protection of live broadcasts on the Internet. As can be seen from the content, some requirements in particular compact the responsibilities of the platform.
She stressed that the "Opinions" also have the concept of development, not only stipulating what cannot be done, but also emphasizing what to do. For example, the platform is required to optimize the product model and content presentation mode, increase the supply of live broadcast content suitable for minors, and require a special review team suitable for the scale of the business, etc., "Which shows that the state adheres to the idea of standardized and orderly development when managing the services of the live broadcast platform, and is also to promote the better development of the platform and better protect the growth of minors." ”
She further explained, "Before I mentioned the "1 + X" model, that is, there are both mandatory actions and self-selected actions, which not only standardize management but also give each platform room for independent innovation. This request proposes to optimize the mode of youth mode and content presentation, I feel that it is very necessary, that is, we cannot rely on blockages alone, but also give minors the right to enjoy cultural products, which is also a kind of protection, is a child-friendly concept and idea. In addition, it is also required that the youth mode be presented in a prominent position on the home page for easy searching, which is the idea of humanized management. “
Of the more than 10,000 minors, 7.5% had been tippered and 1.6 percent were regularly tipped
In an interview, Sun Hongyan admitted that there is still some room for further advancement in the Opinions. For example, the call for the implementation of the "real-name system" has never been fundamentally resolved. "If you can't determine whether the identity is a minor, everything else is nonsense." The Uninsured Law stipulates that the state should establish a unified electronic identity authentication system for minors' online games, so does the live broadcasting platform have an identity authentication system? Can the electronic identity authentication system of online games be connected with the identity authentication system of the live broadcasting platform? ”
For another example, the "Opinions" require that the consent of guardians be obtained to provide network anchor services for minors between the ages of 16 and 18. "How do I know if the other person is really a guardian"? What scale is appropriate for the requirement to "allocate a dedicated audit team commensurate with the scale of the business"? These spaces may be more refined in the future with the development of the live broadcasting industry and the further refinement of supervision. Sun Hongyan believes that in terms of the audit team, multidisciplinary and multi-departmental cooperation is needed. When the platform is equipped with a team, you can consider working with more professional organizations. The supply of content also needs the help of the state. ”
Previously, Sun Hongyan's team surveyed more than 10,000 minors in 8 provinces across the country on the use of short videos and found that 7.5% had used the tipping function, and 1.6% often used the tipping function. "From the perspective of proportion, the proportion of minors tipping does not seem to be high, and the often tipping is even less high." But there are 183 million underage Netizens in China, and such a large base is even 1% of many people. Moreover, the mainland's protection of minors is adhering to the concept of "no one can be less", for all children, for all children. Therefore, even if the proportion is not particularly high, it is very much necessary to take measures to protect it. Therefore, this Opinion and the relevant provisions of the Uninsured Law are very necessary. ”
After years of development, the domestic live broadcasting industry has developed a number of categories such as entertainment shows, game e-sports, outdoor food, virtual secondary elements, etc., and has also formed an industrial chain from copyright, to live broadcast platforms, to guild (MCN) institutions, anchors and derivatives.
Sun Hongyan believes that the "Opinions" will not have an impact on the income of relevant platforms. "First of all, the main source of the platform's tip is certainly not minors; second, the platform may not want minors to tip, compared with the benefits obtained from minors, the platform has greater responsibility and may encounter greater 'trouble'." Therefore, I think the platform will be particularly willing to cooperate with the "Opinions" to do a good job in standardization and management; in addition, I think this is also a kind of protection for the platform, and the platforms with foresight and want to continue to develop are certainly more willing to consciously abide by and actively cooperate with the requirements of the "Opinions" for governance and improvement. ”
Beijing News shell financial reporter Bai Jinlei Sun Wenxuan
Edited by Song Yuting
Proofreading Wang Xin
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