Abalone is one of the precious "sea treasures", delicious taste, rich in nutrition, known as the "soft gold" of the ocean. Abalone is a valuable marine edible shellfish, known as "table gold, the crown of sea treasures", its flesh is tender and nutritious.
The breeding methods of Bao are generally marine raft culture, onshore factory culture, caisson culture under the tide of rocks and reefs, bottom stream breeding and other methods.
Characteristics of offshore raft abalone culture
Raft culture is to set up a floating raft in the sea area, put the young abalone into the container, and hang it on the floating raft for breeding. It is characterized by the use of raft racks similar to kelp, scallops, oysters and other breeding rafts, breeding facilities and equipment investment is small; excellent water exchange conditions, high dissolved oxygen, saving pumping, inflation costs; feeding bait is easy to maintain freshness; management is relatively simple, expanding the scale of breeding is limited and so on. The disadvantages of raft culture are: the environment of the aquaculture marine area is difficult to control, and it is greatly affected by changes in temperature salinity, seawater pollution and disease invasion; it is susceptible to the attachment of oysters in the natural sea area; it is vulnerable to damage by large winds and waves at sea, and the equipment and facilities are easily lost, and the safety performance is poor.
Problems with offshore raft abalone farming
Breeding layout and disease problems caused by pollution Through more than 10 years of development, the scale of abalone farming in Putian City has continued to develop, and there are many examples of abalone getting rich, and there have been nationally renowned abalone villages and towns such as Nanri Town and Leyu Island where aquaculture is concentrated. Driven by high breeding interests, abalone farming is expanded disorderly, breeding density is high, domestic garbage in the breeding area is discharged at will, dead abalone is thrown away at will, the tide is not smooth, the abalone excrement, residual feed and production, domestic garbage cannot be discharged in time, in the high temperature period, the low tide period, the season changes its period, it is easy to cause local water quality deterioration, abalone disease follows, such as baculovirus-like bubble disease, resulting in abalone death. Between 2000 and 2001, there was a history of mass deaths from abalone bubble disease on Nanri Island. The lack of unified planning for the layout of aquaculture in the marine area, the control of pollution in the sea area, and the standardization of abalone culture will be problems that must be solved to improve the quality of aquaculture.
Problems with seedlings
With the breakthrough of hybrid nursery technology between Japanese pan abalone and northern China's wrinkled pan abalone, the survival rate of hybrid abalone nursery in the sea area of Putian City has reached an average of more than 60%, and the abalone nursery industry has continued to develop. However, at present, there are still the following problems in the abalone nursery in Putian City: First, the source of pro-abalone is complex, most of which are taken from local self-produced abalone, and only a very small number of enterprises import second- or third-generation pro-abalone or concentrated larvae from the north or Japan; second, inbreeding breeding, most of the nursery farms cannot select the pro-abalone of different families in accordance with technical specifications, resulting in poor quality of the seedlings; third, the phenomenon of using banned drugs in the nursery process exists from time to time, because the nursery owner and technicians do not have a strong awareness of food safety and quality, in the process of seedling breeding, The preventive measures for epidemic diseases are not enough or not in place, and when encountering diseases in seedlings, they still rely on experience to use drugs, and use some high-efficiency but also high-residue prohibited drugs, such as furazolidone, chloramphenicol, etc., resulting in drug residues of finished abalone exceeding the standard and cannot meet the requirements of domestic and foreign standards and regulations.
abalone
Problems with antimicrobial abuse
Due to the lack of safe drug use concepts by technical experts studying abalone farming in the early years, the one-sided pursuit of drugs is cheap and efficient, regardless of whether the drugs used are banned, whether there is a high residue, there is abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance, farmers use chloramphenicol, furanone and other prohibited drugs in China and other countries in the world with experience, and the drug residues of abalone products cannot pass. Therefore, scientific breeding and rational use of drugs are the principles that abalone farming in Putian City should follow.
Management with feed issues
Due to the lack of normative guidance, farmers only rely on some experience to manage abalone farming, such as the use of pry abalone, alcohol anesthesia abalone and other reckless practices, which will lead to abalone death. Another example is the littering of domestic garbage at sea, the random excretion of feces, but also damage the environment, easy to cause abalone disease. Some farmers do not consider the freshness of the rice, covet cheap, buy and use some spoiled, moldy seaweed, and the amount of feeding is too large, plugging the breeding box, resulting in local hypoxia death of abalone; uneaten feed is easy to deteriorate, resulting in high ammonia nitrogen, abalone poisoning and death. The requirements for marine biological aquaculture feed should be comprehensive nutrition, fresh and feeding in moderation, otherwise, abnormal growth will occur.
This article was edited by headline encyclopedia users Happy 1978, Popular Science China, and Orange Storm Refueling.