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The world you don't know | the end of the sky
The world you don't understand | the thickness of the earth
70% of the Earth's surface is surrounded by oceans, 96% of the Earth's water is seawater, and 94% of the earth's life is marine life. We once published an article
Who lives under the deep sea? Talk about these terrible monsters that live in the deep sea
To introduce you to the creatures that live in the deep sea, but in addition to the discovery of these creatures, human beings know no more than 5% of the ocean, the average height of the global land is 860 meters, and the average depth of the ocean is 3680 meters. The Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean, is 11,000 meters deep, nearly 2,200 meters more than Mount Everest.
Next, we will take you to the official dive and explore the beautiful and mysterious field of the ocean.
Dive 3 meters, the depth of human swimming in general
The depth of the swimming pool is generally about 2.5 to 3 meters
Dive 30 meters, the average growth area of coral reefs and aquatic plants
Polyps are coelenterates in the ocean that absorb calcium and carbon dioxide from seawater during their growth, and then secrete limestone and become their own shell. Each individual polyp is the size of a grain of rice, and they live in groups, metabolizing, growing and multiplying from generation to generation, while constantly secreting limestone and gluing it together. These limestones are later compacted and petrified to form islands and reefs, the so-called coral reefs.
Most seafloor plants must grow in the ocean's translucent layer (water depth of less than 50 meters), where the single-celled zooxanthellae in plants and corals are able to photosynthesize to provide them with nutrients.
Corals are an important part of the earth's ecology, and reef-building provides a living environment for many animals and plants, including worms, mollusks, sponges, echinoderms and crustaceans, accounting for an estimated 25% of the number of marine species, so it is called "the tropical rainforest of the ocean".
Dive 40 meters, recreational dives and the deepest pool depth in the world
The maximum depth of general recreational diving is 40 meters, if the diving depth exceeds 40 meters, people who have not undergone professional training will have joint pain, cerebral palsy and even decompression sickness and nitrogen intoxication.
The world's deepest swimming pool "Deepspot", located in Mszczynov, Zhlardiv County, Poland, opened on November 21, 2020, with a depth of 45.5 meters, is specially designed for diving explorers and athletes to train diving.
In addition to swimming and diving, Deepspot has built a transparent underwater tunnel through which people who do not want to go into the water can observe people diving.
Dive 70 meters to the depth at which the world's largest fish live
Not all sharks "eat people". As the largest fish in the world, whale sharks have a body length of up to 12 meters, and a mouth up to 1.5 meters wide, but have a rather docile personality, and are currently one of the three known filter-eating sharks (feeding on plankton, algae, krill and other self-swimming animals).
Whale sharks are not only non-aggressive to humans, but even sometimes let people ride, and one unconfirmed report suggests that whale sharks will remain stationary, turning their bodies upside down to allow divers to clean up the parasites in their abdomen, and divers can swim with this huge fish without any danger.
Dive 100 meters, north Pacific giant octopus habitat
The North Pacific octopus weighs about 15 kg and can reach up to 6 m in arm spread. In ancient times, it was often considered a sea monster. Its mantle membrane is spherical in shape and contains its main organs. The skin is smooth, as long as the pigment cells are contracted or relaxed, the color of the skin can be changed, and it is easy to hide in the environment.
The main prey of the North Pacific giant octopus is shrimp, crabs, scallops, abalone, clams and fish, and even small sharks are also one of their prey. Research has shown that they are able to make short- and long-term memories and have incredible ability to observe, learn, and solve problems. For example, they can learn to open cans, imitate other octopuses, and successfully pass the maze in experiments, and so on.
Dive 130 meters, the deepest underwater wedding
Who wouldn't want a wedding that no one else could do? For two diving instructors, groom Hiroyuki Yoshida (Japan) and Sandra Smith (USA), what could be more exciting than starting a challenging and memorable wedding in the world's deepest underwater?
In September 2013, the two couples married underwater at Songkhla Lake in Thailand, 130 meters above the water, and the audience at the wedding site was not only curious fish, but also their diving friends and instructors. The wedding took place for 190 minutes underwater, and the two set out to challenge new diving records around the world.
Dive 200 meters, the starting point of the deep sea
The area of 200 meters underwater is collectively referred to as the "deep sea", because in this area, light is not enough to produce photosynthesis, so there are basically no leafy plants below this depth.
King's fish, also known as dragon king fish. It looks like the giant form with fish we eat. It is the longest bony fish in the world, with a general body length of 300 cm and a maximum weight of 272.0 kg. The kingfish caught in California in 1996 has a staggering length of 7 meters.
The royal stripe fish is very fierce, and fish, squid and even their kind are on their menus. In addition to spawning activities, the species lives alone. It can only be found in shallow sea areas on the beach after the storm or when injured or killed.
Dive 214 meters, the deepest world record for free diving
Freediving refers to diving activities that do not carry underwater oxygen supply equipment, do not inhale pure oxygen, and only rely on breathlessness.
Austrian Herbert Nitsch, who dived to a depth of 214 meters in one breath in 2007, is also "the deepest man on earth".
Dive 332 meters, the deepest world record for diving
In 2014, Egypt's Ahmed Gabr carried an oxygen tank on his back and spent 12 minutes with the help of a rope to reach a depth of 332 meters. However, in order to avoid the dangers of decompression sickness and nitrogen anesthesia brought about by returning from such a deep seabed, it took him 13 and a half hours to return to sleep.
Dive 400 meters, military submarine depth
Most of the world's mainstream nuclear submarines have diving depths of 200 to 400 meters.
Dive 500 meters, blue whale diving depth
At 500 meters underwater, it is no longer a world that humans can usually reach.
The blue whale, as the world's largest mammal, has a depth limit of 500 meters. The longest blue whales recorded are two females, 33.6 m and 33.3 m.
Blue whales are so large that it is difficult to measure their weight. Until now, scientists at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory have accurately measured the largest blue whale to be a 177-metric-ton female whale.
In addition to the blue whales, the largest of the penguins, the emperor penguins, can also dive to this depth, and with just one breathing, they can dive to a depth of 533 meters and stay for 20 minutes.
Dive 600 meters to the depth of the Gan's giant claw crab
The Gan's giant cetacean is the largest known crustacean in the world, although it is not large, that is, about half a meter, but it has several pairs of super large long legs, the largest of which can reach 4.2 meters long when the legs are unfolded.
Dive 700 meters to the depth of European eels
The life of eels is extremely mysterious, and they go through four stages. Juveniles are born from the sea, swim upstream into lakes over a period of 3 years, grow in lakes, migrate 700 meters below the sea and spawn and die.
The eel rice we often eat is caught when they swim into the sea.
Dive 800 meters and spot the large fin posterior fish
The large-finned posterior fish, also known as the tube-eye fish, is a fish whose eyes are transparent and have huge eyeballs to catch all the faint light as much as possible. From the front, it seems that the fish is normal, just in front of the head. But in fact, the eye we see is its olfactory nostrils, and the real eyeball is the two emerald green structures inside the head, so that the eyes can observe the movement in front and above at the same time.
Dive 900 meters, King Squid
The king squid is 10 to 13 meters long and has eyes the same size as an adult's head. As early as ancient Greece BC, Aristotle recorded the description of the great king squid, which may also be the source of the legendary sea monster in the Nordic Viking story.
The giant animal of the great king squid was thought to be a very rare species, but in fact, according to specimens and data, they should have many and have a large distribution depth. As for how to understand, we will talk about a creature in a moment, which can take us to solve this secret.
Dive 1300 meters to the depth of the leatherback turtle
Leatherback turtles, scientifically known as leather turtles, are the largest of the turtles and the largest of all turtles. The maximum body length can reach 3 meters, and the weight can reach 1 ton. They also go to the beach to lay their eggs.
The shell of the leatherback turtle is not pure bone, but soft leathery skin. It is not as hard as the average turtle, so many carnivorous marine animals (great white sharks, killer whales, etc.) will feed on it.
At the same time, goblin sharks also live here, and this shark is named after the goblins of Western legends because they are ugly and ugly. Since there is no brightness in the deep sea, its snout protrudes forward to form a pointed protrusion, longer than other sharks, so as to feel the prey, the jaw can extend to form a bird's beak, can suddenly reach out to grab the prey.
It also has translucent skin to reveal blood that gives the body a pink color. Because this shark is so difficult to catch and make specimens, little is known about it.
Dive 2000 meters, strangely shaped marine life
At this depth, fish grow more and more freely, such as the black bonefish, the swallowing eel and the Atlantic spiny fish, which seem to be drilled out of the heterogeneous passage under the seabed.
Black bonefish
Swallowing eels
Atlantic spiny fish
Dive 3000 meters, the deepest depth of sperm whales
Starting at 3000 meters, we have completely entered the "deep sea zone", at this depth the water temperature is only 1 to 2 degrees, the sunlight can not shine at all, and the water pressure exceeds 300 atmospheres, but the sperm whale is a very large creature that can dive into this extreme depth.
What do sperm whales dive into this depth for? The answer, of course, is for its favorite foods – the king squid and the king squid.
In the stomach of the sperm whale, a large number of indigestible king squid mouths were found, and judging from the stomach of the sperm whale, the global sperm whale eats about 5 million king squid every year, and people know that the number of king squid is actually a lot in the deep sea.
The expensive "ambergris" is made by long-term stirring between the mouth of the king squid and the gastric juice of the sperm whale.
Dive 3810 meters, the Titanic shipwreck
The Titanic and Jack sank here forever in 1912, and after more than 100 years, it has not been salvaged and has also been registered as a world "underwater cultural heritage".
Dive 6000 meters, ultra-deep kelp
The Hadal zone in English comes from the greek myth of Hades, and the number of species below the region is very low. The water pressure in an area at such depths exceeds 1100 standard atmospheres, which is equivalent to a person carrying 50 Boeing 747s.
Japan's submarines "Deep Sea 6500 meters" and China's "Jiaolong" dived to depths of 6500 meters and 7000 meters respectively.
Diving 8178 meters, the deepest perch of fish habitat has been found
In April 2017, a deep-sea exploration team in china found a pink fish in an area of 8,000 meters of the Mariana Trench. A few months later, a Japanese probe team also found the same species at that depth.
According to the samples caught, the standard length of the fish can reach 28.8 cm. Feeds on crustaceans in deep waters. This fish has not yet had an official name, and the Mariana snailfish and the Mariana lionfish are both fish.
Dive 10,660 meters, a giant single-celled organism
A giant xenophyophores (xenophyophores) was found in this place, with a body length of 20 centimeters, which looked like it had leaves, belonging to a very, very primitive creature that probably existed on Earth since the Cambrian period (540 million years ago).
Dive 11,034 meters, Challenger Abyss
The "Challenger Abyss" of the Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean, as well as the deepest part of the ocean and the deepest part of the surface in the world. The depth is 11,034 meters, and the pressure at this depth is 1,100 times the pressure at sea level.
A total of 4 people arrived at the site, two of whom arrived on January 23, 1960, the Swiss explorer Jacques Pica and the American explorer Donald Walsh. They dived to the Challenger Abyss for the first time and stayed for 20 minutes, measuring a depth of 10,916 meters at the time, and found creatures such as fish and shrimp.
The second manned probe was directed by director James Cameron on the submarine Deepsea Challenger, which lingered in the abyss for about three hours. Cameron became the first person to dive into the deepest abyss of the world since 1960, and the first explorer to dive alone.
The third manned probe was on April 28, 2019, when Retired U.S. Naval Officer and Undersea Explorer Victor Weskovo alone piloted the DSV Limiting Factor to a depth of 10,928 meters, and on May 1 of the same year, Weskovo once again descended to 10,927 meters alone, becoming the first person in the world record to reach the abyss twice. According to him, the seabed is full of plastic bags and wrapping paper.
Fewer people explore the ocean than they do on the moon. Exploring the ocean floor is of great help to us understand the world and the universe. By exploring the ocean, we learned that even without light and under great pressure, living things can survive. The garbage bag at the bottom of the challenger abyss is the environmental protection issue that we pay more attention to, and only by cherishing marine resources can the nature and life of the earth be continued.