Then our "Explanation of Characters" course, talking about the three Chinese characters of the "Yan" department: "診, (Shangsi Xiayan), 訧", of which "診" is simplified to "diagnosis" in modern Chinese, and "diagnosis" is a common word in modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so the focus of this lesson is "diagnosis". The details of the three words are as follows:
1. Diagnosis (diagnosis). Read zhěn. The explanation given in the "Explanation of Words" is: "Diagnosis, sight also." From the word, 㐱 (zhěn) sound. "Shape sound word. Xu Shen believes that the original meaning is introspection; inspection; examination. "Jade Chapter, Speech Department" "Diagnosis, examination also." "However, many later philologists believe that the original meaning of diagnosis is the hind pulse; diagnosis (disease). Xu Kai's "Biography of the Interpretation of The Character System": "Diagnosis of pulse speech and visual pulse also." Gui Fu's "Speaking of Literary Proofs" quotes "Sound Class": "Diagnosis, test also." "It's about looking at the pulse." "Guangyun Yun Yun": "Diagnosis, Waiting Pulse." "History of Bian Quecang Gongli Biography": "(Bian Que) sees the disease as a whole, sees the crux of the five Tibetan diseases, and is especially named for diagnosing the pulse." "Therefore, when diagnosing other people's diseases, you can see all the diseases in the five internal organs, but on the surface, you are still cutting the pulse for the patient."
Regarding why "diagnosis" is the "speech" department, Duan Yujue's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words and Words": "From the speaker, the doctor first asks and then cuts it." In the "four diagnosis methods" of Chinese medicine, it includes "looking at the diagnosis, smelling the diagnosis, asking the consultation, and cutting the diagnosis". "Consultation" is also an important diagnostic method, that is, the doctor understands the patient's subjective symptoms, disease occurrence and evolution process, treatment experience, etc. by asking the patient or the patient's family and other insiders, as the basis for diagnosis. "Incision" is often the last item.
(Pulse diagnosis)
Volume V of the "Notes on the Palaces of the Western Chamber": "Lang Zhong's diagnosis stopped, and he sneered. It is also the original meaning of "diagnosis".
Xu Shen's introspection and examination should actually be an extension of "diagnosis". "Hanshu Yuxing Chuan Dong Xian": "On the same day, both Xian and his wife committed suicide, and the family was afraid of being buried at night." Suspected of his fraudulent death, Some Si Xiang asked him to send a coffin to prison for medical treatment. Yan Shigu's ancient note: "It is said that fazuka takes its coffin also." Diagnosis, test also. On the same day, Dong Xian and his wife both committed suicide, and the family panicked and buried them overnight. Wang Mang suspected that they were suspended deaths, and the deacon officials asked them to send the coffin and go to prison for inspection.
(The autopsy is for inspection and examination)
In addition to the original meaning, diagnosis also refers to symptoms. "Su Qing • Wind Theory": "What is the shape of the five Tibetan winds different?" I would like to hear about his diagnosis and his ability to do so. Wang Bing's note: "Diagnosis is evidence that can be said." "What is the difference in the clinical manifestations of the Five Visceral Winds? I hope you can talk about the symptoms and pathological manifestations of the disease.
(Symptoms of high blood pressure)
In addition, the diagnosis is also passed "zhěn". tell. "Zhuangzi Human World": "The craftsman stone awakens and diagnoses his dream." Wang Niansun's "Reading Magazine": "Xiang Xiu, Sima Biao and Yun: 'Diagnosis, Zhan Mengye.'" Case: The following are all the matters of the craftsman and the disciples on the matter of Oak Du, the matter of no dreaming, and the diagnosis should be read as 畛, "Erya" Yun: "畛, sue also." Guo Zhu quoted the Qu Li as saying: "Yu Yu Ghost God." '畛與 clinic, ancient characters pass. This is called the craftsman's stone awakening and telling his dreams and disciples, not a dream. This means that the carpenter woke up and said his dream.
The small seal of "diagnosis" is written as shown in the figure:
(Diagnosis of the small seal writing)
2. (Shangsi and Xia) (GBK font library does not have this word, can only describe glyphs). There are two pronunciations:
(a) xī. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "(Shangsi Xiayan), sad voice also." From words. Si Si sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is sadness. Refers to the sound of grief, the sound of sorrow. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Interpretation of The Character System of Speaking Texts": "Now it is said that Ma Grief is hissing. Xu Hao's "Duan Notes": "There is no hissing word in the mouth, this is also." ”
(Horse Hiss)
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses: (1) sound vibration. "Jade Chapters and Speech Departments": "(Shangsi Xiayan), Sheng zhenye." (2) Moan. "Jade Chapters and Speech Departments": "(Shangsi Xiayan), moaning also." (3) Goodness. The volume of the "Jade Chapter, Yanbu": "(Shangsi Xiayan), the Book of Characters is a good thing. "There are no examples of these usages in the classics.
(ii) sī. It is pronounced from "Collection rhymes". There are two ways to use it: (1) Forgiveness. "Jade Chapters and Speech Departments": "(Shangsi Xiayan), forgive me." (2) Same as "hiss". Hoarse voice. "Orthographic Tong, Speech Department": "(Shangsi Lower Speech), and Hissing Tong." In fact, this is what is called the horse hissing above, that is, the sad cry of the horse.
The small seal of "(Shangsi Xia)" is written as shown in the following figure:
(< the small seal writing method of the upper and lower words of the >)
3. Congratulations. Read yóu. The explanation given in the Commentary on the Interpretation of Words is: "Sin also." From the word, from the sound. The Book of Zhou says: "Repay with a curse." "Shape sound word. The original meaning is sin; fault. Same with "You". The Book of Zhou here refers to the Shangshu Lü Punishment, and "repaying the Shu Zhen" means judging according to the sins of the Shu people.
"Poetry Shao Feng Green": "I think of the ancients, and I have no words." "It means that I miss my deceased wife, which can make me reduce my mistakes in ordinary times."
(Poetry, Shaofeng, Green)
Yuan Shu 'Yangcheng Yi': "Those who do not speak up will take words as words." "It is also the original meaning of the mantra that is used.
The small seal of "訧" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of the thumb is written)
([Explanation of the text] no. 471, some of the pictures originate from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)