Yunjin, is a very high grade silk brocade, jacquard, fine workmanship, gorgeous patterns, elegant style, because of its brilliant color, beautiful as clouds and named, is an important raw material for sewing noble clothes. China currently has four major Yunjin, Nanjing Yunjin, Chengdu Shujin, Suzhou Songjin, and Guangxi Zhuangjin. In ancient times, there was also a kind of Yunjin called Qianyang Yunjin, which was named because it was produced in Qianyang and was the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of Qianyang County in ancient times.
Some people will say that they have never heard of Qianyang Yunjin, and the new and old county records of Qianyang have not been recorded, is it for nothing? The author can safely say that Qianyang Yunjin has a clear source, which should have been real.
The sixth emperor of the Jin Dynasty was named Yan Jing (1168-1208), a temple number Zhangzong, who could write good paintings and advocate elegance. During the Ming Chang period under his rule, the economy developed, the population grew, the treasury was full, and the world was rich, which was the most prosperous period of the Jin Dynasty, and historians refer to this period as "Unai Xiaokang" and "Ming Chang's Rule".
In the Ming Dynasty, there was a jinshi and court minister named He Qiaoxin (1427-1503), an official to the Ministry of Punishment Shangshu, who once went to Shaanxi for disaster relief. He saw the horse painted by Jin Zhangzong, and wrote a long poem called "Inscribed Jin Zhangzong Painting Horse Diagram", a total of 22 sentences, full of praise for the horse painted by Jin Zhangzong, of which the fifth to twelfth sentences are "Mingchang Tianzi Shizongsun, good at writing and good at painting." Swinging a simple appearance, the magic is not counting General Cao. The phoenix dragon mane is really incomparable, and the sweat and blood are still stained with water. There are not many Yunjin in Xiaoyang, and there are so many powers. It can be translated as: Jin Zhangzong is the grandson of Jin Shijong, who is good at calligraphy, painting, poetry, and writing. He painted a good horse on the white silk with a pen, which was as magical and wonderful as General Cao. This horse is incomparably strong, and neither is the sweaty BMW. Although Yunjin is very precious, the coat color of this horse is much better than it. Xiaoyang, now Qianyang County. In order to praise the horse painted by Jin Zhangzong, the author pressed the famous Qianyang Yunjin down slightly.
The year this poem was written is uncertain. But He Qiaoxin died in 1503, 520 years ago. At least it can be said that more than 500 years ago, the silk fabric woven by Qianyang with silk thread was very famous in the country, and already had its own trademark "Qianyang Yunjin".
Some people will ask, the process of silk fabric production is very complicated, the requirements are extremely strict, in the past such a backward condition, can Qianyang people produce "Qianyang Yunjin"? It's a fool's dream. I think we must not underestimate the ancients, who sometimes made very advanced things, some of which we can hardly imagine and copy until now. In 1965, in a tomb in the Jiangling area of Hubei Province, a Yue Wang Goujian sword produced more than 2,400 years ago was unearthed, without any rust, shiny gold, still extremely sharp, easily cut through 23 pieces of paper. Upon testing, it was cast from bronze, and the metal composition of each part was different.
Although there is no conclusive evidence to prove what Qianyang Yunjin looked like before the Ming Dynasty and what the specific process was, some clues of Qianyang Yunjin can be seen from the cultivation and silkworm cultivation technology that Qianyang Yunjin relies on.
In ancient times, the technology of growing mulberry silkworms in Qianyang County was very developed and the requirements were extremely fine. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1841), the first volume of the "Chronicle of Rebuilding Qianyang County" compiled by Luo Yubi of Qianyang Zhixian (county magistrate) recorded in detail the "mulberry planting method", "sericulture rule" and "sericulture in the south" of Qianyang in 12 pages. They surprised me very much, and my brain was open, the ancients turned out to be so smart, in some ways, even more meticulous and thoughtful than the cultivation of silkworms in my county in previous years.
In the selection of mulberry seeds, the book records that "at the beginning of summer, the (mulberry) alder is black and ripe, and the mark is soft and good mulberry, and those whose seeds are fattened are picked and kneaded in a cloth, washed, and wrung out the black juice." Rinse off the light straw and dry it for storage. When planting, mix with new mulberries, or with firewood ash or dog dung, leave them overnight, and plant them the next day. "It is to pluck the ripe fat mulberries, wrap them in cloth, squeeze them, wash them in water, eliminate the inferior seeds in the form of water bleaching, dry them in the shade, ensure the germination rate, and before planting, mix them with grass ash or finely ground dry dog dung, and leave them overnight. From the current point of view, these selection methods are more scientific.
To breed mulberry saplings, it is necessary to beat the furrow, and a detailed explanation of the size of the furrow, how to do the work, and how to plant it: "Each furrow is two or three feet long, two or three feet wide (wide), the soil is extremely fine, and the ripe manure is one layer, and cattle, sheep and pigs can be dung." And the soil, flattened, poured with clean water. Wait for the second day, the soil is scattered and not sticky, use the scythes to shallow and hold up an inch, and spread the rafters evenly,......。 Do not plant deep, deep will not come out, and then cover with fine manure to get five or six points thick..." "Seedling cultivation is a method commonly used in modern agriculture, more than 180 years ago, our county used this method to cultivate mulberry seedlings, at that time the size of the furrow is basically the same as the size of the current furrow, a lot of fertilizer, similar to the modern "one shell", a lot of watering, leveling the plot, planting shallow, to ensure that the seedlings are neat, is the real sense of intensive farming.
The book also gives specific explanations on important links such as transplanting mulberry trees, grafting mulberry strips, dung on mulberry trees, ventilation, heating, disinfection, and how to reel silk in the dining room. Provisions are made for sericulture, "Avoid wet leaves, fog leaves, dry leaves, yellow sand leaves, gas and water leaves, odor, aroma, unclean people, lamp oil gas." "If we don't look at the age, we really think that this is the operating manual for scientific cultivation of silkworms under modern conditions." In the "Goods" section of the book, "silk" is listed first.
Qianyang is located on the ancient Silk Road, coupled with the history of cultivation of sericulture is very long, the scale is large, the technology is mature, and it fully has the basic conditions for the production of "Qianyang Yunjin (silk)". The book does not record the words "Qianyang Yunjin" or "Qianyang silk", and it is estimated that after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the production of Qianyang silk, especially Qianyang Yunjin, has declined, and the production volume has declined, and it is no longer necessary to write it in the county record.
Today, Qianyang's embroidery is famous throughout the country and Shaanxi, and Qianyang embroidery and Qianyang embroidery are bright brands of Qianyang and have become a new economic growth point in Qianyang County. It is the inheritance and development of ancient Qianyang embroidery, and it is also inextricably linked with Qianyang Yunjin.
Although Qianyang Yunjin has long ceased to exist, it has given us great inspiration, in ancient times, some of our technologies and products were still very advanced, just like the four great inventions of ancient China, once made great contributions to the development of economy and society, worthy of deep memory. We must not be arrogant, but should lift our spirits, stand up our backbones, establish national self-confidence, cultural self-confidence, and even local self-confidence, learn from the excellent things of ancient times, absorb all advanced technologies and civilizations, strive to improve our skills, and constantly make new and greater contributions to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.