Pioneer of Wenzhou Fable Creation- Reading the Five Prisons of Xue Jixuan of the Southern Song Dynasty

Jin Chenghao

A few days ago, the Chinese Fable Literature Museum chose Ouhai Zeya, and Zeya plans to build a fable town, which is a good thing. News reports say: The history of Wenzhou people creating fables can be traced back to Liu Ji in the Ming Dynasty. Indeed, "Yu Ion" is an excellent allegorical work that "discerns the strange and strange and cleverly compares". However, I have seen that Xue Jixuan, a Wenzhou native of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a set of fables "Five Prisons" ("Langyu Collection" volume 14), and he was the pioneer of wenzhou people's fable creation, of course, it cannot be ruled out that there are more discoveries.

■ Stings rely on shrimp as eyes

Xue Jixuan was one of the founders of the Yongjia School in the Song Dynasty. Later generations often noticed his merits economic theory, and comments on his literary achievements were generally limited to poetry. The year before yesterday, I published an essay in the "Recreation Fang" column of the Wenzhou Evening News, "Stinging On shrimp as eyes- a thousand-year-old Wenzhou slang", which is the first prison in his fable "Five Prisons" from the perspective of Wenzhou dialect. There is a small preface in front of the "Five Prisons" that he wrote: "Xi Liuzi made three precepts, and Dongpo Su Gong wrote two sayings, those who care about things are similar, and the five prisons are sufficient." If you dare not follow the work of Mr. Two, you will also say your own thing. The meaning of the small preface is that Liu Zongyuan wrote the Three Precepts (the allusion of "Qian Donkey Skill Is Poor" is here), and Su Dongpo wrote Ai Zi (the most famous of which is "a crab is not as good as a crab"). See if there are some similar things they say, and write five supplements. They write theirs, I don't dare follow them, I write mine.

According to the Wenzhou Literature Series Edition "Xue Ji Xuanji" point school book, the first "supervisor" full text is as follows: "Fish have stings, the so-called stupidity, chaotic and without eyebrows, such as floating and foaming." There are thatched shrimps, miscellaneous but soaring heads, stinging on the shrimp's sight. When the tide rises, swim in Enoura. The tide goes and the shrimp don't know either. Sting in the tu, people get to eat it. So that the sting is not the eye of the shrimp, but it is placed in Dongming, although it is stupid and still with it, then its heavens are also complete. Borrowing the eyes of the dead and the shrimp do not take themselves off, sadly also husband. The translation is as follows: There is a fish called a jellyfish (jellyfish), like a chaotic one without eyes, like a blister on the water. The shrimp jump on its body, and the stings rely on it to see the outside world. When the tide is high, they swim freely on the river. When the tide goes down, the shrimp don't know where to go. The stings were on the beach without seawater, unable to move, and were caught and eaten. If jellyfish do not regard shrimp as their own eyes, and live freely in the East China Sea, although they can only squirm aimlessly, they can also live and live like the sea. Now, borrowing shrimp as his own eyes, as a result, he was also caught and eaten, of course, shrimp can not escape. It's so pathetic.

The story told in this fable, the "Jiang Fu" of Guo Pu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was built in Wenzhou, also wrote that "the crab with a small belly and a jellyfish shrimp" are also written. It is also known as the hermit crab. Belly crab: There are crabs in the belly of the cockroach. Jellyfish shrimp, that is, jellyfish shrimp as the order. Here we talk about a phenomenon of animal symbiosis. Zhang Hua's "Naturalist Chronicle" also records that there is a thing in the East China Sea called the fish. There is no place for the leader, and the shrimp are attached to it, and they follow their things. In the Siku Quanshu, "Erya Wing" volume 30 release fish and shrimp: jellyfish can not move, shrimp or attached, then go as desired.

Xue Jixuan may have been inspired by the above text and wrote this "prison". The Song Dynasty he was in was no longer in, the king fainted, listened to the rumors of the traitorous courtiers, and the result went into decline. Handwriting skills, God's attention beyond words. Are jellyfish and shrimp alluding to the dark lord and the traitor? I didn't verify it.

Then, this "prison" circulated in Wenzhou, condensed into a wonderful slang phrase "stinging by shrimp as an eye", and the meaning is richer. Contemporary Wenzhou people understand this sentence as follows: people are like clouds, have no opinions, and are partial to listening and believing. It is equivalent to the Wenzhou proverb: rush to the east gate, the east gate can not catch up with the meal; catch up with the west Guo, the west guo eat porridge and cannot catch up. Why? Because the information is unreliable, it is all listening to what others say.

The dwarfs on the street fu watched the play, others said that Li Kui was Li Kui on the stage, and others said that Lin Chong was Lin Chong. Because the elders obscured his vision. This is "the elderly watch the drama, the dwarf eats the fart". Wenzhou people say that these people have "soft ears and the master's heart is uncertain", "pouring Abba is sleepy, saying that Abba is good; pouring Down Abba is sleepy, saying that Auntie is good".

But today I re-examine this slang, is there any other understanding? The symbiosis of jellyfish and shrimp is a win-win phenomenon. To say that shrimp mislead jellyfish is probably a misunderstanding. Jellyfish borrow shrimp as eyes, in a Wenzhou saying, that is, borrow other people's stages to perform their own plays, or borrow chickens to lay eggs or something.

We must learn both from jellyfish's partiality and inspiration from their harmonious cooperation. Distinguishing between right and wrong, giving full play to strengths and avoiding weaknesses is the correct way to deal with things. This is my understanding of "stinging shrimp as an eye", Mr. Xue Lao has knowledge underground, do you think so?

■ Tiger ants and chamois

Having said that, let's take a look at his other four "prisons", also according to the Wenzhou Literature Series Edition "Xue Ji Xuanji" point school book -

The second "prison": "The tiger of Tatsu has the one who is the field, and the one who has the fangs of the real fangs, hides in the hole, and sharpens its teeth to resist." The tiger is indignant and wants to control it with all its might. The cave is full of soil and hard work, and the land is worth five acres. The tiger was wounded by the dragon. Three days and death, two bodies without skin. With the might of the tiger, he has just taken advantage of what he has done, and he has exerted his fierceness, and he cannot retreat in spite of difficulties, and he will do his best with one feng, and he will take it upon himself, how strange. This second "supervisor" is talking about tigers and wild boars fighting, wild boars will punch holes in the ground, and tigers will be bitten and injured, and both sides will be injured. The author sighed that the tiger was so brave, did not know how to retreat, and actually lost both, who is to blame?

The third "supervisor": "Ant Mu Zhi, Smell the Bi Ji." There are carps, ants, and ants. The ant is set and the body is curled up to bite it. There are no ants left behind in the licking of its armor. Whoops, the ants know what to eat, and they don't know that they are born of their hobbies. Instead, it is defeated. alack. This third "supervisor" says that ants like to smell (Wenzhou people say "fishy eight hips"). There was a stinky eight-hip animal called a carp, knowing that the ants had this good, deliberately spit out their tongues to open their carapaces, and when the ants came, they ate them.

The fourth "prison": "The foolishness of the beast is like a deer, and the chamois is cultivated and good at walking." The field dog cannot be caught. In the case of a dog's hunt, the chamois jumps away. If you want to mix it up, use this to see it for a long time. If they are poor and calculated, they hide their heads in recklessness, thinking that dogs do not see themselves. Dogs must be controlled and killed. Woohoo! Let the chamois know that the foot is fast enough, and go away, although the good dog is like a chamois Ho! Extremely little calculation, swearing at self-deprecation, not hurtful. The fourth "prison" refers to the stupid chamois who does not know how to take advantage of his advantages in running, but instead uses the method of hiding, and is killed by the dog.

The fifth "supervisor": "Han Zhimei produces deer, and the deer herd exceeds a thousand." The tiger slaughters the multitude and takes the number for the number. The deer is in the original, then the vibration rings outside it. He was lying down. The tiger sniffed, began to be ashamed, asked for the gap of shame, entrusted it, and did not have time to count its Cao Ye. The tiger beat after it, and the deer were counted. The husband and the deer are spared, and they seek far-reaching calamities and follow them, and they mourn their herds, although the herds are not good. In other words, there are enough wounded people, so the book. The fifth "supervisor" refers to a tiger fighting a deer.

Looking at the "Five Prisons", it shows profound truths and enlightenment in simple animal stories, and the passages are wonderful fables. The author says that he does not dare to follow the works of Mr. Liu Zongyuan and Mr. Su Dongpo, but in fact, it is completely comparable to the "Three Precepts" and "Ai Zi Miscellaneous Sayings".

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