The origin of the beginning of winter and five ancient poems of the beginning of winter: Xiaochun has not gone for many days, where the plum blossoms bloom

The beginning of traditional winter is based on the solar terms and the beginning of winter.

The discovery of the Taosi Astronomical Observatory confirms that at the end of the primitive society, the new era, in the ancient Central Plains, there was already an observation of the sun to make the calendar and time. Among them, the time period of the winter solstice, summer solstice, spring and autumn equinoxes is accurately surveyed, and the return year of the sun is set as a year. The excavation of the ancient observatory and the Guibiao interprets the definition of "medium". "Zhong" is to measure the light and shadow of the sun with a watch, and the person who holds the center is the leader. And this symbolism continued into the late Qing Dynasty and even the puppet Manchuria, because Pu Yi believed that the most important thing for the emperor was to sign and promulgate the calendar, which was the prerogative of the emperor.

The archaeological discovery of Tao Temple corresponds to the ancient Yao era recorded in history, 4,300 years ago. It is recorded in the "Book of Shang" that he used the sun, moon and stars as coordinates to divide the time for the people, and ordered the officials in charge of astronomical surveys to go to different directions in the southeast, south, northwest, and determined the time period between spring, summer, autumn and winter, and determined the four seasons. The year is set at 366 days, and the shortfall is made up by leap months.

Then the time of mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn, and mid-winter corresponds to the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. This is the middle time of each season. With intermediate times, it is natural to deduce the beginning and end times of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

It's just that there is no more written information showing what the beginning of the seasons was called at that time. Of course, the beginning of our winter is now called "Lidong".

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Then through the legendary Xia Dynasty, Dayu's son Qi established a hereditary family dynasty that lasted for 470 years. The Xia tribe, which was mainly agricultural, did not lack excellent astronomical officials. It's just that there is no historical information handed down, the beginning of the four seasons, what is it called.

Then there was the 600-year-long Shang Dynasty. The aristocracy possessed the written word, which was used for divination. Books and canons were drowned.

Then enter the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty inherited the cultural system of the Shang Dynasty. So we can see the "beginning of winter" in the literature

"Yi Zhou Shu Shi Xun" has, "On the day of the beginning of winter, the water begins to ice." And for another five days, the earth began to freeze. And for another five days, the pheasant entered the great water as a mirage. ”

"Yi Zhou Shu Yue Ling Jie" has "It is the month also, to establish winter." On the third day of winter, the son of heaven of Taishi said: On a certain day, Shengde is in the water. The Son of Heaven is Qi. On the day of the beginning of winter, the Son of Heaven personally led the three princes and nine princes to welcome the winter in the northern suburbs, and also, it was to reward the dead and show compassion for the orphans and widows. ”

Then it can be known that in the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor and historical officials attached great importance to the solar terms, including the beginning of winter.

Three days before the beginning of winter, the historian reminded the Son of Heaven that the Son of Heaven stood up very solemnly, and then on the day of the beginning of winter, he led the ministers of the court to the suburbs to welcome the winter god and the arrival of winter. It is enough to see that the ancient emperors attached great importance to the time of the beginning of winter.

The beginning of winter is the beginning of traditional winter, which in ancient times was divided by the solar terms in the solar calendar.

Winter represents the harvest and collection of all things, the weather is going to be cold, people have to rely on the harvest of savings to survive the long winter, and the land is thus recuperated, it is a time of gratitude, health and anticipation for the future. Many of the ceremonial sacrifices take place in the winter as a prayer for the future and a good harvest.

Therefore, the origin of the solar term of Lidong is ancient, and it should have existed before the Xia Dynasty, and the text we see is the ritual of the upper echelons of the Zhou Dynasty after a thousand years of popularity, which is already quite complete and mature.

And the beginning of winter became a household name, which was the solar term calendar promulgated by the Han Dynasty. Because ordinary people can rely on the solar terms to guide their farming and life.

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"But on the first night of winter, the sky is miserable and cold.

The frosty monster was in the court, and the ice was dry in the well.

The grass maple is thinned with leaves, and the wood is sparse.

The pine leaves are in the green strips, and the bamboo destroys the green poles. "Western Jin · Xiahou Zhan "The Ballad of Cold Bitterness"

The beginning of winter, the beginning of winter, is the nineteenth of the twenty-four solar terms, the bucket handle points to the northwest, and the yellow longitude of the sun reaches 225°. If you don't understand the meaning of this time, in fact, there is not much difference between this day and yesterday's temperature phenology, and many people feel that it is similar to autumn. But when this day is taken as the beginning of winter, then this day has a special role in guiding the Tichy, because it is followed by a long and bleak winter.

So on this day, I began to have a distinct feeling of winter.

The poem reads:

This is the beginning of winter, the first night of winter. The weather was bleak and a widespread cold wave began to cool down.

The frost was thicker and whiter than usual, covering the grass and trees of the courtyard, and the railing by the well, on which the water marks froze at night.

The grass swayed in the wind, the leaves became more and more thin, and the trees were deaf.

Even the pine trees began to drop pine needles, and the bamboo was broken by the wind.

It's getting colder and colder.

At the beginning of winter, there will be a cold wave to cool down, and the same is true in late autumn, the so-called autumn wind sweeps away the leaves.

However, when you know that the beginning of winter is the beginning of winter, this cold is even more sad, because it makes people intuitively feel that the cold winter is long.

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"The frost is cold, and the light ice is flooding.

The toad will shadow out, and the goose will bring a few lines of remnants.

I collected it in a field, and I saw it in the furl knitting.

On the day when the pheasant is thrown into the water, it will not be difficult to turn into a mirage. "Zhongtang · Yuan Zhen "Song of the Twenty-four Breath Poems Lidong October Festival"

The beginning of winter often corresponds to the tenth month of the lunar calendar, so the ancient October was also called the beginning of the winter festival. It shows that the beginning of winter is a major node, solar term, and festival in October.

The Tang Dynasty is rich, and the solar terms are often regarded as festivals, and the clothes and delicacies dilute the cold brought by the season, but there is a kind of beautiful landscape that belongs to the early winter.

After the frost falls on the solar term, there are more frosty days and more cold.

At the beginning of winter, there are places where it freezes at night and floats on the clear water in the early morning.

The moon in the sky is a crescent moon, but it is so slender and clean, occasionally when you look up at the moon, you will see not many geese flying south, they belong to the late flying geese.

Let's take a look at the fields, the grains grown in the fields have been harvested and collected, and the most important thing for people now is to make winter clothes, comparing the body and size, and every household is making new clothes, so warm and cheerful.

I heard that the birds of the woods are flying to the southern sea, where many birds have turned into colorful shells, and I think that during the New Year, the merchants of the south will bring back beautiful shells, so let's wait for the gifts that belong to winter.

In the light cold of compassion, it is the gathering and fireworks of the world.

This beginning of winter doesn't seem to be so cold, but feels gentle and warm.

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"Eating cane is in a good place, and winter is long.

Miasma has good words, and there was flying frost last night.

Under the fence, the chongyang is in, and the small and medium-sized fragrant is fragrant.

The west neighbor banana is ripe, and it is yellow. Northern Song Dynasty · Tang Geng "After the Beginning of Winter"

China has a vast territory, and although the same calendar is used, the climate temperature difference between the north and the south is large, and the various solar terms also present different styles. This is harmony and difference in Chinese culture.

Tang Geng was originally a native of Sichuan, and was an official in Kaifeng in the northern Northern Song Dynasty, and once relegated to Huizhou, Guangdong. Fortunately, this official and poet is open-minded and optimistic by nature, and has the title of Xiao Dongpo, and can turn the degraded years into poetry. It seems that this winter is a vacation to Guangdong.

In the beginning of winter, there may be ice and snow in the north, and in this part of Guangdong, even frost is rare. In this mid-autumn climate, I was idle, gnawing on one sugarcane after another, and I couldn't stop gnawing. Finally someone told me the good news that there was frost here last night.

The chrysanthemums under the fence are still in full bloom, and the chrysanthemum wine left for the winter solstice is now being drunk.

The plantains planted by my neighbor to the west are now ripe, and I glance at them, and yo, what a yellow banana like a comb.

This poem is probably angry with those political enemies in the north who want to see his officialdom down, I have turned this southern life into a realistic poetry, you can drink a pot of northwest wind with your heads in the north.

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"The drizzle is cold and there is no frost, and the leaves in front of the court are half green and yellow.

Xiaochun has not been there for many days, where the plum blossoms are fragrant. "Late Song Dynasty and Early Yuan Dynasty · Qiu Yuan, "The Beginning of Winter is Two Songs, Part 1" 

This is the beginning of winter in the Jiangnan region, the Yangtze River basin.

There is not much difference between the beginning of winter solar terms and late autumn, the frost here is late, and the climate is milder and wetter than the north, so when the northern mountains are red, the grass here is verdant, the forest leaves are half green and half yellow, and the chrysanthemums are brilliant, which can continue until midwinter.

Then in the early winter after the beginning of winter, the climate is sometimes sunny and warm, just like the weather in March, so there is a small spring in October, and a small spring in October. Some spring trees think that they will bloom out of season when spring comes, such as peach blossoms, cherry blossoms, and apricot blossoms.

Then there is another type of flower that blooms early even though it is not out of season, and that is the early plum.

Small flowers, with a unique fragrance, on the one hand show the coming of winter, on the other hand, it is also to show the spring color of the heart.

When the north is frosty, the beginning of winter in the south is beautiful and fresh.

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"The autumn wind blows away the old courtyard, and the yellow leaves and danfeng pass by.

A little Zen lamp is half a moon, and tonight is more cold than last night. "Ming · Wang Zhideng "Beginning of Winter"

Let's go back to Beijing in the north and see the beginning of winter in the Ming Dynasty.

The autumn wind blows away the leaves of the trees in the courtyard, and the yellow leaves of the red maple are all over the place. This is a distinctly northern climate characteristic.

The trees withered early, and the temperature was cold.

Especially in the mountainous area, the foliage of the trees is sparse, but you can see the moon rising through the sparse branches.

What is the difference between the beginning of winter and late autumn?

Of course there is, because tonight is more cold than last night.

Of course, this poem must contain the melancholy of homesickness, because Wang Zhideng is a native of Suzhou in the south, the early winter in the south of the Yangtze River, charming and picturesque, an autumn dress can be played freely, and the south of the Yangtze River is prosperous and rich, the nightlife is prosperous, the lights are high everywhere, and the street is full of wine, even if there is a little cold, it is also drowned in laughter, orange, orange and green. And now he is in the north, enjoying the strongest autumn colors, and also entering the bleak winter.

For the feeling of winter, only in the north, can I appreciate the cold.

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As the beginning of winter as a solar term, it is a kind reminder in contemporary times, because no matter where you are in the north and south, it means that winter is coming, you must buy clothes, pay attention to warmth and health, and winter will be warm and warm, in order to enjoy winter.

Hatsui Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. The picture comes from the Internet.