New World in the Old Map, Old Map in the New World - 5 Pit Filling Series - 1 Pingyu Canal Quanzhou Canal
Some time ago, I introduced the Tianjin Haihe River system in "New World in the Old Map, Old Map in the New World - 2 Dongli District". In the process of the formation of the Haihe River system, Cao Cao, an outstanding politician, military expert, and writer in China, and the leader of the Seven Sons of Jian'an, made indelible contributions. (The following picture is from the internet)
In order to completely quell the war in the north, Cao Cao decided to march north to Wuhuan. Art of War Cloud: Soldiers and horses did not move grain and grass first. In order to solve the problem of grain and grass transportation, Cao Cao adopted Dong Zhao's suggestion: "Dig a canal from Tuotuo into Gushui, named Pingyu Canal, and then chiseled from the mouth of the Lu River into the Lu River, named Quanzhou Canal, to open the sea." ”
So the question is what ethnic minority is Wuhuan? Wuhuan is a branch of the Donghu ethnic minority in ancient China. After the Eastern Hu Xiongnu were broken at the end of the Qin Dynasty, they partially moved to Wuhuan Mountain, which was named after Wuhuan Mountain. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Wuhuan was attached to the Xiongnu, and after Emperor Wu annexed the Han Dynasty, he moved to Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, Liaodong and other five places outside the country. At that time, the leader of liaodong was Gongsun Kang. He was the son of Gongsun Du, who was appointed by Dong Zhuo as the Taishou of Liaodong and commanded the affairs of Liaoding County. Gongsun Du conquered Goryeo in the east, Wuhuan in the west, Weixing Songliao Valley and the Korean Peninsula, and once crossed the sea to collect Jiaojiao on the Eastern Peninsula to establish a state, thus becoming a great power. After Cao Cao's reign in the Han Dynasty, his cousin Gongsun Du was made the general of Wuwei and the Marquis of Yongning. In the ninth year of Jian'an, Gongsun Du died and Gongsun Kang succeeded to the throne. Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi of Youzhou fled to Northern Saibei after the defeat of Jiao Touch and Zhang Nan, and married Gongsun Kang of Liaodong province, hoping to make a comeback. During the reign of Emperor Ling, Zhongshan was too defensive of Zhang Chun's rebellion, and Jie Wuhuan was "Kou Liuqing, Xu, You, and Ji Prefecture". Liu Yu was the pastor of Youzhou, beckoning the kings of Wuhuan and beheading Zhang Chunyu Feiru. And Gongsun Zhan killed Liu Yu, and the Wuhuan people who were attached to Liu Yu helped Yuan Shao destroy the Gongsun clan. At that time, Liaoxi County's Saiwai Wuhuan Dajiandun had a martial strategy, and called himself Dadan Yu. The Yuan brotherhood broke through the situation and became dependent, so He Dun helped the Yuan clan counterattack and directly along the Lu River. Wuhuan was uncertain and could not restore the rule of Northern Sai and Liaodong, and there would be no peace in Yuji and Zhuzhou, so Cao Cao decided to conquer Wuhuan in the north.
In the historical records, the two canals are recorded as follows:
Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Under the article "Halo City" of Yanmen County, The Chronicle of the County: "Wei Zhiyue: 'Ten years after Jian'an, he dug a canal, and called himself (Tan Tuo) Renfen, and the name Pingyu Canal.'" , this quote is very absurd. Wei Zhizhong's account of this article reads: "The eleventh year of Jian'an · ... Digging canals, zihuchi (Chuntuo's "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, Emperor Wu of Wu": In the eleventh year of Jian'an, Wuhuan "inherited the chaos in the world and broke the Youzhou", "Liaoxi Dan yu Jiandun you are strong", Cao Cao will march on it, and chisel the canal to dive grain.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, biography of Dong Zhao, Yun: ('.2,.. The decline of Shang Yi Karasuma kicked, Taizu (Cao Cao) will conscript, the army is difficult to grain, chisel Pingyu, Quanzhou two vegetables into the sea transport, Zhao built also." There are similar records in Volume VII of the "Essentials of the Three Kingdoms" and Volume X of the "Jin Dynasty". Fei Tang Li Jifu's "Records of Yuanhe County" Volume 10 / Barium Ding more clearly states that the Pingyu Canal is in the area of Lucheng County, Cangzhou, Hebei Province (northeast of present-day Gangqicang County). The qi evenly proved that the Pingyu Canal was in the territory of present-day Hebei, and it was the main military route for Cao Cao to pass the Quanzhou Canal downstream from Motuo to the north and turn into the sea.
The same is recorded in volume 65 of the Zizhi Tongjian. Press: Youzhou is now northern Hebei, southern Liaoning, liaoning west, county names, including the area of present-day Hebei Qianxi, east of Leting, south of the Great Wall, and east of Songling Mountain in Liaoning. This shows that in the eleventh year of Jian'an, Cao Cao's battlefield against Wuhuan Jiandun was in the area of present-day northern Hebei and southern Liaoning.
The "Notes on the Water Classics" says: "(Quanzhou Canal) passes north through the east of Quanzhou County, and north through the east of Yongnu County, and goes west to the ancient city of Yongnu for 120 miles, from the north of Tuotuo to the north of the river, and the 180 miles of the Water Ze into the Baoqiu River, which is called the mouth of Quanzhou." Chen Shou's "Zhi" says: Cao Taizu disturbed the border with his trampling, and he would march on it, and dig a canal from the mouth, through Yongnu Quanzhou to pass through the river and the sea, and now there is no water. (The following image comes from the internet)
The southern mouth of the Quanzhou Canal was east of Quanzhou, at the QingHe (Haihe River) at the tail end of the Lonely River near present-day Tianjin, and the north mouth was southeast of present-day Baodi County. The direction of the Quanzhou Canal and its location are described in the Notes on the Water Classics, and we can learn more about the Quanzhou Canal according to its contents.
The Shuiquan Prefecture mentioned in the "Notes on the Water Classic" refers to the village in the southwest of yangcun today. Yongnu County East refers to the eastern part of present-day Wuqing District. The above passage provides us with two extremely important clues for judging the channel line of the Quanzhou Canal. One. The distance between the south and north mouths of the Quanzhou Canal, that is, the length of the canal body, is 180 miles. Two. The canal body went west to the ancient city of Yongnu for 120 miles. The distance between the south and north mouths of the Quanzhou Canal is only about 100 miles in a straight line, and the "Water Commentary" says that it is as long as 180 miles, which is caused by its "lishuize" and the twisting waterway. As for where it went, the key lies in the location of the yongnu old city. That is to say, the Yongnu Ancient City is the coordinates for judging the location of the channel.
Yongnu County, Tang Tianbao changed its name to Wuqing County in the first year. After liberation, the county rule was moved to Yangcun, and the former Wuqingcheng County was renamed Wuqing Chengguan Town, and today's Chengguan in Wuqing District was moved from the old county of present-day Sicundian in the first year of Ming Hongwu's reign to avoid floods. This old county was the county seat of Yongnu after Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, not the "ancient city of Yongnu" as Li Daoyuan said. This "ancient city" is the county seat of Yongnu before the Yuan Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, which was built in the pre-Qin Dynasty and located in Yongnu Xue.
From the southwest of present-day Huanghua County and the northern border of Cangxian County, north through Qingxian Jinghai and Tangguantun, west to the north side of Dacheng, renqiu east boundary, Wen'an west boundary, and then north to the southern border of Baxian County and east to Xin'an, Cecheng, WangQingtuo, Hanjiashu, and north to Yangcun, Daliang Town and Baodi west boundary, north boundary, Fudong through Yutian County Da'an Town, Yahong Bridge and Fengrun County Tanghedian, Damangang, to reach the northern boundary of Fengnan County, is a contour line of 5 meters above sea level... This huge depression, which curves for thousands of miles, is the range of Yongnu Xue. (The above is excerpted from the History of China's Canals)
Yongnuze did not change much from the Tang Dynasty, so the New Book of Tang and Geography says that there were 99 dian north of Mo County (present-day Beimozhou Village, Renqiu County). Today, the Remaining Wuqing Triangle Dian, the QingdianWa in the northeast of Baodi, the Great Huangpuwa, Huangzhuangwa, Liziguwa, Tanghedian, Qilihai in Fengrun County and Fengnan Counties, and the Jiakouwa, Heilonggang, Tuanbowa, Yujinwa, Beidagang, Wen'anwa, Overflow Depression, Dongdian, Baiyangdian and so on in the south are the sites of these Dianpo. Because the ancient city of Yongnu was located on a high land in a swamp group, it was submerged by the sea during a sea immersion in the era of the Han Yuan Emperor. At that time, Yongnu City was relocated to Yongnu City in Wuqing Old County, which was above 5 meters high line because of the destruction of this sea immersion.
Where is the Yongnu City, or the Yongnu Old City, which is submerged by the sea? It was the village of "DakongCheng", 60 miles east of Chengguan Town in today's Wuqing District and 50 miles south of Baodi City. Dakong City is the noise of the "Great Ancient City", and there is a village called "Cui Huangkou" near the site. It can be judged that it is the "Yongnu Ancient City" mentioned in the "Notes on the Water Classics".
If the Great Empty City is designated as the ancient city of Yongnu County, the bow-shaped Quanzhou Canal can be drawn on the line of the Ji Canal. Because this line to the west to the ancient city of Yongnu is exactly 120 miles (less than 100 miles away). From the Donghai River in Tianjin City, the Quanzhou Canal runs northeast along the lake and harbor, traces the Juliang River (present-day Huixiang River) and then turns northwest to the Baoqiu River in Yongnuze, which is also exactly 180 miles long (folded into 140 miles).
The Pingyu Canal is self-propelled to Tuotuo. The Quanzhou Canal is from the mouth of the Xun River to the Baoqiu River. According to the "Water Classic, QiShui Note", the lower reaches of Baigou are also known as the QingHe River. The self-interested canal diverts water, and most of the water enters the white ditch. Therefore, the following of Licaokou can be called Qing, and can also be called Zhang, Baigou or Qihe. The lower reaches of Baigou are roughly in the territory of present-day Huanghua County. Baigou has a branch that flows northeast to Quanzhou County (the county is forty miles southeast of the old Wuqing County), and the north will meet the Tuotuo River and the Gu River, and there is no water in li Daoyuan. This section is also the "Pai River Tail" [Note: "Water Jing Gu River Note". The Qing dynasty had changed "Pai" to "泒", when it was. The upper reaches of the Yang (Yin Fox) river are the Dasha River in present-day Ding County, and the lower reaches have been annihilated. ], qinghe heqi, zhang, huan, yi, lai, fu, gu, tuo and other water into the sea, forming a water system. To the east of the Qinghe River, at the Tuotuo and Gu rivers, is the southern mouth of the Quanzhou Canal. This section of the Pai River tail, some people think it is Cao Weikai's Pingyu Canal. Caoyun descends from Baigou to enter the Quanzhou Canal, much like an artificial channel. "Yuanhe County Atlas" Lucheng County. There was the Pingyu Canal (平虏渠) in Waiguo (八娝, eighty miles northeast of present-day Cangzhou City), which was opened by Cao Cao [Note: It seems wrong to say that the Pingyu Canal was in present-day Raoyang County, Hebei Province. ]。 This section of the "Pai River Tail" is in the east of present-day Qing County, which is roughly equivalent to the current South Canal (slightly east of the location), which is the predecessor of the South Canal. (The following picture is from the internet)
Whatever the real waterways of these two artificial canals look like, they are no longer visible, but the historical role of these two canals is indelible!