The "five paths" to enhance the core capabilities of the industry

Shandong Provincial Institute of Industry and Information Technology, Xia Ke, Dai Hao, Wang Zhicheng, Zhang Yi

　　Industry is the driving force of economic development, the basic guarantee line for social operation, the main arena for high-tech competition in the world, the concentrated embodiment of national potential, and the key area affecting national fortunes. Industry relies on the industry-related development effect and technology penetration and diffusion effect to empower agriculture, improve the level of agricultural modernization, drive the service industry, drive the continuous iterative innovation of the service industry, ensure the upgrading of construction equipment and materials, support the large-scale development of the construction industry, reshape weapons and equipment and information systems, and strengthen national defense and military forces.

　　The road to industrialization with

　　There are six differences between the developed countries of the West

　　The industrialization process of New China is different from that of the developed countries in the West in the following ways.

　　The primitive accumulation of capital is different. The West relied on plundering colonies, obtaining land and labor cheaply, and completing the primitive accumulation of capital. The mainland has relied on agriculture and rural areas to nurture industries and cities for a long time, and has continued to provide cheap industrial land and migrant workers to accumulate the original capital needed for industrial development.

　　Light and heavy industries are developed in different sequences. The law of economic development is generally that light industries such as textiles and food drive heavy industries such as machinery and chemicals, thus forming a sustained large-scale cycle of the national economy. Forced by the situation, the mainland first had 156 heavy industry projects aided by the Soviet Union and third-line construction in the First Five-Year Plan, until the rapid development of light industry after reform and opening up, which led to a new round of development of heavy industry.

　　The market is opened in different ways. Western industrialization was to force the colonies to open their markets. The industrialization of the continent was the opening of the market on the basis of an international contract. With its accession to the WTO as a symbol, the mainland has rapidly opened up its international trade market and moved to the first place in the world's trade in goods. However, the West still uses the Wassenaar agreement to restrict the export of high-tech products to China, and the signatories include dozens of countries such as G7 member states.

　　Whether there is an information factor. The integration of industrialization and industrialization has become a significant difference between the mainland's current industrialization and the West's industrialization. The industrialization process in the West does not have the factor of informatization. The integration of the two is very difficult, and informatization leads industrialization to require a solid foundation of technology and management, not only to make up for the arrears of mechanization and automation stages, but also to consider the development requirements of informatization and intelligence in a forward-looking manner.

　　Rapid industrialization has brought some shortcomings. Basic research requires long-term investment and accumulation; Some industries need to "boil bone broth", and if the heat is not enough, there will be no breakthroughs and innovations; The core competitiveness of the industry is very important, which is reflected in the "five bases" of the industry, which requires the long-term accumulation of the "learning curve"; High-precision products need to use first principles to think from scratch, need to be designed in a positive direction, and reverse mapping imitation cannot lead innovation; Compared with large foreign enterprises such as General Motors of the United States, Toyota of Japan, BASF of Germany, and Rolls-Royce of the United Kingdom, most of the backbone enterprises in mainland China have not experienced the scientific management stage and the quality revolution stage before and after World War II.

　　Resource constraints and carbon reduction constraints are different. Western industrialization is to obtain the resources and capital needed for development at the expense of the political and economic interests of other countries, and it is a bloody and bandit-style plunder. When the West industrialized, the economic development mode was extensive, and there was no constraint on carbon reduction and emission reduction; The industrialization carried out by the mainland has been forced to shift from extensive development to refined, intensive, and intelligent development ahead of schedule, which requires greater wisdom and patience, overall consideration, and the factors, structures, and relationships to be studied are more complex and enormous.

　　Therefore, it is necessary to find the real law in the process of industrialization, make up for the shortcomings of the mainland's rapid industrialization, give full play to the unique industrial advantages of the mainland and Shandong Province, dig deep and grasp the objective laws that need to be followed by new industrialization, and promote high-quality economic development in the new era.

　　Prison Requirements

　　Nine industrial core competencies

　　The historical experience of industrial development shows that any industrial power has its own industrial core capabilities that are not easy to imitate and spread. The process of the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries becoming industrial powers is not a simple repetition and copying of the industrial capabilities of the original leading countries, but the construction of their own unique industrial core capabilities. The institutional arrangements, cultural characteristics, industrial ecology and other superstructures that can contribute to the transformation of late-developing countries into industrial powers must be matched with the country's unique and intrinsic industrial core capabilities.

　　To promote high-quality economic development in the new era, promote new industrialization, and develop new quality productivity, it is necessary to firmly grasp the core industrial capabilities needed by the country. Focusing on the construction of the core capabilities of the mainland's industry, we will carry out the arrangement and deployment of systems, policies and measures, strive to consolidate and give full play to the advantages and capabilities that we already have, and strive to improve and make up for the weak and deficient capabilities.

　　By summarizing the practice of the mainland's industrial development, combining with the experience of developed countries, and refining the mainland's core industrial capabilities in the process of industrialization, it can be summarized into nine core industrial capabilities: "imitation, use, investment, training, spelling, accumulation, innovation, research, and management", of which the first five are the mainland's strong capabilities, and the last four are weak capabilities.

　　Ability to imitate quickly and learn. The ability to imitate products, reverse mapping and imitation, is the main way for us to produce products on a large scale and develop rapidly for decades. Germany imitated the British textile industry, Japan imitated the United States to improve the mode of production, through digestion, absorption, re-creation, to achieve the construction of new industrial core capabilities, late-developing countries surpassed the advanced countries.

　　Sublimation ability based on experience in large-scale scenario application practice. Application ability, traction by application, "use" to drive "production", "production" to drive "research", "research" to "learning". In the process of accumulating experience, and then surpassing, to achieve independent innovation, such as the mainland high-speed railway, shield machine, coal machinery and equipment, bridge and tunnel construction capacity, etc. Its basic conditions are huge market advantages, rich scenarios, consumption upgrades, and the continuous growth of the domestic middle class.

　　Nationwide system and mobilization and organizational capacity for focused investment. The investment capacity is strong, and the national system has completed many major events, such as the 156 major projects in the "First Five-Year Plan". For example, the power of the whole province to conquer Dongyue ion membrane, snow wax car, etc. The advantages of the new national system are even more obvious.

　　The size of the number of well-trained engineers and science and engineering graduates. More than 4 million science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates graduate each year, ten times the size of the United States. While the demographic dividend is gradually decreasing, the engineer dividend continues to play a role.

　　Sacrifice life and forget death, the courage to fight Guo Yonghuai, Wang Jinxi and other iron man spirit. Among the factors of production such as land, capital, labor, energy, resources, infrastructure, technology, and information, human beings are the only living factors that can exert their subjective initiative. The mainland has the ambition to be independent and solve problems, and the more difficult it is, the more it will move forward.

　　Adhere to the original intention and deepen the continuous accumulation of the industry. Some hidden champion enterprises in Germany and Japan, specializing in a subdivided field, link, and even a component, continue to "dig" for decades, "boil bone broth", obtain the know-how and tricks accumulated by experience, and are deeply embedded in the industrial chain, steadily occupy the commanding heights of technology, firmly control the dominance of the industrial chain, and form lucrative independent intellectual property rights.

　　The original ability to innovate from scratch. From 0 to 1, the originality ability is weak, and only a few fields such as "two bombs and one satellite" and quantum communication can do it.

　　Scientists and engineers collaborate to develop key research capabilities. From 1 to 100, the transition cycle from product prototype to commercial application is slightly longer.

　　Ability to operate and manage large enterprises and projects. There are 132 of the world's top 500 enterprises in China and 82 of Shandong, China's top 500 manufacturing companies, and their profitability and labor productivity are lower than the average level of the world's top 500 companies.

　　Complement the core competencies of the industry

　　Weak link

　　In view of the latter four capabilities of the relatively weak mainland industry, it is necessary to improve the ability of positive design, strengthen basic research, solidly cultivate the "five basics", strengthen enterprise management, and pay real attention to quality, so as to improve and strengthen the weak ability.

　　Improve the ability of product forward design. Enterprises and institutions should combine the application of "first principles" to carry out original innovation. The government should strengthen the training of positive design capabilities of enterprises and various institutions, and shift the focus of work from the back-end inspection and testing links to the front-end market research, product function modular design, industrial design and planning consulting. Comprehensively consider factors such as safety, energy saving, environmental protection, and circular economy, carry out integrated design, and guide and help enterprises apply advanced methods such as Reliability Design (DFR), Innovative Problem Solving Theory (TRIZ), Six Sigma Design (DFSS), Six Sigma Improvement (DMAIC), and Value Engineering (IE).

　　Increase investment in basic research. Change the original model of "emphasizing application and ignoring principles", increase investment in basic research, and increase the proportion of basic research investment in total R&D expenditure while increasing the total R&D investment and R&D intensity. Actively introduce venture capital and strive to make good use of both domestic and foreign resources. Combined with the reform and innovation of equity investment of financial funds, we should study and implement the withdrawal mechanism of financial funds to ensure that the guiding role of financial funds is played.

　　Deeply cultivate the industrial base. Sustainedly, in-depth and solid industrial "strong base" project, focusing on the weak links of the industrial "five bases", focusing on promoting bearings, gears, molds, sensors and other core basic components to improve performance stability, quality and reliability, service life. In terms of new processes, we will focus on breakthroughs in the development and application of new processes such as clean casting, precision forging, advanced welding, and additive manufacturing.

　　Strengthen management, improve the ability of enterprise management and profitability. Compared with the developed countries that have completed industrialization, the gap in technology has attracted great attention from all walks of life, but the gap in management is often ignored. Strengthen the management diagnosis and targeted consulting and assistance of enterprises, and take the form of government procurement of consulting company services to help enterprises carry out the application of modern management models such as level benchmarking, excellent performance, and lean production, so as to improve the profitability and management level of various enterprises.

　　Attaches great importance to the quality of industrial products. Product quality is designed and manufactured, not tested. It is necessary to promote enterprises to comprehensively improve the quality of industrial products and create a brand image of "Made in China". Strengthen the construction of standards, promote the normalization of the formulation (revision) of industry standards, and lead the development of the industry with advanced and applicable standards. For different types of industries such as process-based, discrete, and service-oriented, special quality improvement actions are carried out respectively, advanced quality management models and methods are applied, and the popularization rate of methods and tools is improved, so as to improve the application level of quality tools and methods in all walks of life as a whole.