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Text: Yanyan
Edited by Yeon-yeon
Preface
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, he sighed on his deathbed and predicted the fate of the Qing Empire: "As soon as I die, the Qing Dynasty will surely perish." This sentence, full of helplessness and heartache, turned into a cruel reality just 10 days after his death.
Who made such a prediction at a critical moment in history? What is the connection between his death and the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
Is it a coincidence of chance, or is it the inevitability of fate? How many untold secrets are hidden in the truth and story behind this prophecy?
From an international student to a rookie in the military: the rise of Liangbi
In China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new trend was quietly surging. As the Western powers pressed in, the Qing Dynasty had to begin to reflect on its own shortcomings.
In this context, a group of aspiring young people were sent overseas to learn advanced knowledge. Liangbi, a young man from a Manchu aristocracy, was one of them.
In 1901, at the age of 24, Ryobi embarked on a journey to study in Japan. At that time, Japan was in a period of vigorous development after the Meiji Restoration. Here, Liangbi not only learned advanced military knowledge, but also came into contact with many new ideas.
He became acquainted with many like-minded Chinese students, including Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren, who later became revolutionaries. Four years later, Liangbi returned to China after completing his studies.
At this time, China was suffering from internal and external troubles, and the Qing court was in urgent need of talents like Liangbi who understood Western military technology. With the advanced military knowledge he learned in Japan, Ryobi quickly rose to prominence in the military. He was appointed to the Army Department staff and began his military career.
In 1907, Liangbi participated in the suppression of the Huoshan Uprising in Anhui Province, commanded well, and quickly put down the rebellion. This action raised his position in the Qing court to a higher level. However, this experience also plunged Liangbi into a deep conflict.
He found that many of the rebels he suppressed were classmates and friends when he was studying in Japan. Liangbi's talent and courage gradually won the respect of his colleagues and subordinates.
He often said, "We are an army, and we are not divided into mans." This attitude has given him widespread support in the military. But as a Manchu, he was also often ostracized among Han generals. This contradiction has become a portrayal of Liangbi's life.
Pioneer of Reform: Liangbi's Road to Military Modernization
In 1908, Liangbi was appointed as the commander of the first town of the army. This appointment marked that he officially became an important general in the Qing army. However, when he took office, he found that the Qing army had many problems: poor equipment, insufficient training, and lax discipline. Liangbi is determined to change all that.
First of all, Liangbi set out to reform the way the army was trained. He introduced Japan's military training methods, emphasizing physical training and actual combat exercises.
At one point, he personally led the soldiers in field training and camped for a whole month in the cold winter. This hands-on style won the respect of the soldiers.
Second, Liangbi paid attention to improving the army's equipment. He repeatedly petitioned the imperial court for the purchase of advanced weapons. Thanks to his efforts, First Town became the first unit in the Qing army to be armed with German Mauser rifles. The introduction of this new type of weapon has greatly enhanced the combat effectiveness of the Qing army.
Third, Liangbi attaches great importance to military discipline. He has strict military regulations and zero tolerance for disciplinary violations. Once, he discovered that a high-ranking officer had embezzled military salaries and immediately removed him from his post and investigated him, which was rare in the Qing army at that time.
Liangbi's reforms have not been without its challenges. Many conservative generals were unhappy with his approach, believing him to be too Westernized. Some people even slandered him in the imperial court, saying that he had the idea of a "foreign slave". In the face of these criticisms, Liangbi did not flinch. He often said, "When the army is strong, the country can be strong." "
Qing court ministers: Liangbi's power peak and inner struggle
In 1910, Liangbi was promoted to the rank of squire of the War Department, becoming one of the youngest high-ranking officials in the Qing court. At this time, he has become one of the "Five Tiger Generals" relied on by the Qing court.
The so-called "Five Tiger Generals" refer to the five most trusted military generals of the Qing court, who are regarded as the last guardians of the Qing Dynasty. However, the pinnacle of power did not bring peace of mind to Liangbi.
Instead, he fell into deeper contradictions. On the one hand, he was loyal to the Qing court and hoped to save the crumbling dynasty through reforms. On the other hand, he was sympathetic to the ideals of the revolutionaries.
Liangbi often paced alone in the middle of the night, thinking about the fate of the country. He saw the decay of the Qing Dynasty and the inevitability of revolution. But as a Manchu nobleman, he could not completely get rid of his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty. This inner struggle accompanied him until the last moment of his life.
In this position, Liangbi implemented a series of new policies, including the unification of military uniforms, the reform of the military rank system, and the establishment of military schools. These measures greatly increased the level of modernization of the Qing army.
However, due to the Qing Dynasty's financial difficulties, many of the reform measures could not be fully implemented. This made Liangbi feel frustrated and powerless. At the same time, the tide of revolution was surging all over the country.
As an important minister of the Qing court, Liangbi had to stand on the front line of suppressing the revolution. But every time the order for repression was given, his heart was tormented. He knew that many of those revolutionaries were his former classmates and friends.
Revolutionary Storm: Liangbi's final moments
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out. This uprising became the last straw that crushed the Qing Dynasty. Faced with this crisis, Liangbi was ordered to lead his army south to suppress it. However, just as he was about to set off, an accident changed everything.
On October 26, Liangbi was bombed on the streets of Beijing. The attacker was Peng Jiazhen, a revolutionary. At that time, Liangbi was about to board the carriage to the barracks when suddenly a man rushed out from the side of the road and threw a package at the carriage. The package exploded in the air, and Liangbi was seriously injured on the spot.
At the last moment of his life, Liangbi uttered the famous last words: "The person who bombed me is a hero, and once I die, the Qing Dynasty will die." This sentence not only expressed his admiration for the revolutionaries, but also predicted the fate of the imminent fall of the Qing Dynasty.
Liangbi's death caused an uproar at the time. The revolutionaries stood guard for him, and even personally supported his coffin. This is the highest tribute to a hater, and it also indicates that the old and new eras will be completely replaced in the smoke of gunpowder.
Prophecy Comes True: The End of an Era and a New Life
On the tenth day after his death, his prophecy came true. Under the instigation of Yuan Shikai, the Qing Dynasty collapsed and the Republic of China was proclaimed. On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president in Nanjing, and a new era officially began.
Liangbi's death not only marks the end of a person's life, but also symbolizes the end of an era. His life was full of contradictions and struggles.
He was both a loyal servant of the Qing Dynasty and promoted the modernization of the army; He both suppressed the revolution and cultivated talents for it; His death was both a loss to the Qing Dynasty and hastened its downfall.
Liangbi's military reform provided valuable experience for the subsequent building of China's armed forces. A group of military talents he cultivated later became the backbone of the Beiyang Army and the National Revolutionary Army.
It can be said that without Liangbi's military reform, China may have been more passive in the later War of Resistance against Japan. However, Liangbi's reforms also have their limitations.
It focused mainly on the army and neglected the development of the navy and other arms. This unbalanced development has, to some extent, affected the overall strength of the Chinese armed forces.
What is even more ironic is that the new-style soldiers trained by Liangbi's reform eventually became the main force to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. During the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, many of the generals in the rebel army were new-style soldiers who had been affected by the Liangbi reforms.
They used the military skills that Liangbi had taught them to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Liangbi's life is like a mirror, reflecting the contradictions and struggles of that turbulent era.
His fate is closely linked to the fate of the Qing Dynasty. The moment Liangbi fell, it also heralded the end of the Qing Dynasty's rule.
epilogue
Liangbi's rise witnessed the final glory of the Qing Dynasty, his reforms reflected the Qing Dynasty's efforts to survive changes, his contradictions reflected the plight of the intellectuals of the era, and his fall heralded the fall of a dynasty.
From his story, we not only see the fate of a person, but also the changes of an era. Ryobi's prophecy eventually came true, but his legacy continues to exert influence in the new era.
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