The blood of the martyr Xu Haishan was sprinkled in Quancheng, although he was still glorious in death. "By the Baotu Spring, Army Day, to commemorate the martyrs. On the bank of Qingxi, there was a fierce battle that year, and the mountains shook and the ground cracked. The explosives thundered and the walls were broken, and the ladder stood upright in the city. The head of the ancient city, the murderous spirit reflects the red sky, and the blood of heroes. The lonely city is broken, the soup pool is exhausted, the turtle in the urn, how to get rid of it! Watch the torrent pour down and the earth collapse and burst. The Huaihai tide swallows the western Chu country, and the Yangtze River waves sweep Jinlingque. Comfort the loyal soul, the eternal light on the heart, the lake and the mountain moon. "A heart-wrenching poem "Manjiang Red Baotu Spring Ancient Battlefield Parade" tells a piece of history, and also expresses my review of the Jinan Battle and my deep mourning for the martyr Xu Haishan. The blood of the martyr Xu Haishan was sprinkled in Quancheng, although he was still glorious in death.
In the depths of the dense forest, the smoke of gunpowder billowed out; The beachhead at the water's edge is high in wind and waves. A certain brigade of the 73rd Group Army organized actual combat training at several points, and the officers and men participating in the training were full of spirit and high morale. During the interval between the training, field audio-visual equipment was set up at each point, and a special party history study and education class was immediately launched.
When I turned on the field audio and video system, a text appeared on the screen: 73 years ago, the 109th Regiment of the 37th Division of the 13th Column of the East China Field Army, the predecessor of our brigade, was awarded the honorary title of "Jinan Second Regiment" by the Central Military Commission for its great contribution to the liberation of Jinan.
Next, what is shown in the video is neither the achievements of the brigade's construction, nor the blood-pumping training picture, but a suicide note with mottled handwriting. The officers and men looked solemn and watched the screen with bated breath.
"This is a suicide note left by Xu Haishan, the second political commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column of the East China Field Army, written on the eve of the 37th Division being ordered to attack Jinan." The touching deeds of martyr Xu Haishan are narrated through narration.
"Political Commissar Xu Haishan has fought on the battlefield all his life and has been injured many times. Before the Battle of Jinan, his lung disease was already very serious, and the party organization decided to transfer him to the rear to recuperate, but he firmly said: Jinan has not been liberated yet, and I want to stay and continue to fight. ”
At that time, the enemy stationed more than 100,000 troops in Jinan City, and Wang Yaowu, the defender of the Kuomintang army, arrogantly shouted: The periphery can be defended for half a month, and the urban area can be defended for at least a month. In the face of the enemy's stubborn defense, Xu Haishan issued a mobilization order at the pre-war oath meeting: at any sacrifice, resolutely take Jinan!
Before the battle began, he wrote this suicide note to his wife. In this battle, Xu Haishan was ready to sacrifice.
Immediately afterward, the battle scenes are presented through the video scrolling. The battle to liberate Jinan was extremely fierce, and the battle situation was stalemate several times. Looking at the scene of the bloody battle of the ancestors, the officers and soldiers sometimes burst into tears, sometimes with boiling blood, and their thoughts were pulled back to those war-torn years.
"The Battle of Jinan was fought for 8 days and 8 nights, and Xu Haishan unfortunately died on the 8th day, unable to see the moment of liberation of Jinan with his own eyes. On September 24, 1948, the 37th Division, which was responsible for the main attack on Kunshunmen, braved heavy artillery fire, repeatedly fought with the enemy, and finally broke into the inner city before dawn. But just as the division command post was about to be transferred, enemy bombers suddenly attacked, and Xu Haishan, who was directing the battle, died heroically. After the war, when the officers and soldiers were sorting out his belongings, they found the suicide note he left to his lover Zhang Jie. The suicide note reads: Comrade Zhang Jie, this task is very arduous, and I am ready to sacrifice......"
Seeing this, tears began to roll in the eyes of many officers and men, and they involuntarily clenched the combat equipment on their bodies.
"Our historical mission has not yet been accomplished, and the tremendous sacrifices made by our revolutionary forefathers must be remembered!" At the end of the video, this text appears on the screen.
"Our ancestors were willing to throw away their heads and shed their blood for the victory of the revolution, and we must also fight bravely and live up to our mission!" After watching the video, the officers and men at all points stood up and shouted in unison the soul of the brigade and the company training, and the earth-shattering cries resounded in the training ground.
The motor roars and the waves splash. At the end of the lecture, the cadres and backbone cadres of the brigade stood up and took the lead, leading the officers and men to plunge into the new training with high morale and launch a new charge against the important and difficult subjects.
Only by advocating heroes can heroes be produced, and only by striving to be heroes can heroes be produced. In the course of the magnificent development of the people's army, it has left behind many red memories that will never fade and heroic stories that will shock people's hearts, and these are all valuable resources and fresh teaching materials for carrying out ideological and political education. Martyr Xu Haishan held the revolutionary belief of treating death as home, sacrificed his precious life for the liberation of Jinan, and his feats are shining in the annals of history, and his spirit inspires future generations. A brigade of the 73rd Group Army carried out party history study and education with the martyrs' testaments as the main line, which stimulated the bloody courage of officers and men and achieved good educational results.
Heaven and earth are heroic, and the autumn is still awe-inspiring. In the course of carrying out the study and education of party history, all levels should focus on excavating and sorting out the heroic stories in the history of the party and the military, plant the seeds of advocating heroes in the depths of the souls of officers and soldiers, relay the heroic aspirations, continue the heroic spirit, and truly train officers and soldiers into revolutionary soldiers in the new era with soul, ability, blood, and moral character.
Xu Haishan was born on July 28, 1910 in a poor peasant family in Xuwuzhuo Village, Ercheng District, Huang'an County, Hubei Province (now Hong'an City). He lost his parents when he was a child and lived with his uncle and sister-in-law. At the age of 9, he began to study in a private school in his village, but after three years, he dropped out of school and farmed at home.
When she was a teenager, Xu Haishan was influenced by the revolution of her brother Xu Shoushan, a Communist Party member. When Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei betrayed the revolution one after another, and imposed a misservice on the Communist Party and revolutionaries, and many communists and revolutionary people in the Jute region were brutally killed by the enemy, Xu Haishan's heart was filled with hatred for the Kuomintang. Soon, Xu Haishan's three houses were burned down and his uncle was burned to death, and he was filled with grief and hatred, and he was determined to follow the Communist Party and wage a resolute struggle against the enemy to avenge his uncle and fellow villagers.
In November 1927, the people of Huangju region staged an armed uprising under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the workers' and peasants' sovereign power was established in Huang'an County. Xu Haishan, who is only 17 years old, serves as the village's youth chief. He led everyone to put up slogans, spread leaflets, mobilize the masses, and open warehouses to distribute grain. After the baptism of stormy class struggle, in April 1928, Xu Haishan was introduced by Dong Zhilin and Dong Zhixing to join the Communist Youth League, and served as the chairman of the village Soviet and the head of the Red Guards.
From 1929 to 1931, Xu Haishan successively served as the political instructor of the Red Guard Company, the head of the Organization Department of the Tao District Committee of the Young Communist Party, the member of the Young Communist Youth League Committee of the Political Department of the First Red Army, and the propaganda officer of the Hekou County Committee of the Communist Party of China. He has always been loyal to the party and has done an excellent job. When the first struggle against "encirclement and suppression" was about to be won, he led the local armed forces, touched the sentry posts, cut wires, eliminated spies, intercepted the enemy's scattered outgoing personnel, seized horses and baggage, and fought many victorious battles with the main force of the Red Army. In May 1931, Xu Haishan became a member of the Communist Party of China in Hekou County.
During the third "encirclement and suppression" carried out by the Kuomintang reactionaries in our Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas, the estuary was occupied by the enemy. The Hekou County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China led the local armed forces to quickly move to the Xiaogan area. In order to continue to cooperate with the main force of the Red Army in the struggle against "encirclement and suppression," the county party committee immediately organized a pistol team of more than 20 people to return to Hekou to fight guerrillas, and Xu Haishan served as secretary of the party branch of the pistol team. After he led the pistol team back to the estuary, he collected the more than 1,000 guns he had saved when the troops were transferred, and on the other hand mobilized the masses to suppress the most heinous reactionary elements.
In June 1932, Chiang Kai-shek personally led 560,000 troops to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area and launched the fourth "encirclement and suppression". In October, after the main force of the Red Fourth Front Army left Hubei, Henan and Anhui, only a part of the Red Army and a small number of local armed forces were left to persist in the struggle in the old areas. Under the reactionary slogan of "stationing all the mountains, slaughtering all the pigs and cattle, and striking at the sight of the shadows, leaving no chickens and dogs behind," the enemy carried out an extremely cruel policy of burning and killing the base areas in Hubei, Henan, and Anhui. Everywhere in the base areas, wolf smoke is billowing from the ground, houses are in ruins, corpses are everywhere, and women and children are crying out, with the result that some areas have become no-man's land. At the end of the year, Xu Haishan led the pistol team to withdraw from Hekou to the areas of Laojun Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, and Lingyun Temple, and fought guerrilla warfare in the mountainous areas, continuing to persist in the struggle against the enemy.
In March 1933, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Special Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed that it should persist in the struggle on the spot and restore the Soviet area, and changed the Hekou County Party Committee to the Hekou Special Committee, with Xu Haishan as the head of the organization department and the instructor of the plainclothes team. Under the leadership of the Special Committee, Xu Haishan led the plainclothes squad to operate in Hekou County, maintaining close relations with the masses and cracking down on reactionary local tyrants and shoddy gentry. In a harsh environment that made it inconvenient for them to carry out their activities in groups, the plainclothes units adopted the guerrilla method of coming and going at different times, and at the right time and at the right time. Xu Haishan, Li Shiyan and Qian Yunhua formed a group to carry out activities based on Longwang Mountain and Pagoda Mountain in Hekou. At that time, in the vicinity of Longwang Mountain and Fota Mountain near the mouth of the river, the local tyrants and gentry, the landlords and bullies were reversed, and the reactionary militia cooperated with the Kuomintang army to kill Communist Party members, relatives of the Red Army, and activists by means of brutal disembowelment and live burial, and strengthened the armor protection system, forcing the masses to search the mountains and fight sentry posts. One night, Xu Haishan led the plainclothes team to a village to carry out activities, and as soon as he touched the entrance of the village, a person suddenly came out of the grass, and asked for the password, but before he could answer, the guy rang the gong and shouted to arrest people. Hearing the sound of gongs and shouts, the militia opened fire and swarmed over. At this time, Xu Haishan was in a hurry, killed the group with one shot, grabbed the gong and shouted while knocking: "Run away!" Ran away!" When the enemy chased away, he threw the gong and hid in the mountains and forests, avoiding the pursuit of the enemy.
It is difficult to carry out work under a serious situation. Xu Haishan was very anxious, so she analyzed the situation with Li Shiyan and Qian Yunhua, and decided to establish a foothold first, and then suppress a group of first evil reactionary elements, and quickly open up the situation. Late one night, Xu Haishan and the three of them touched the Longwang Temple, which was halfway up Longwang Mountain and far away from the enemy's stronghold. The monk in the monastery was a large landowner, the Soviet regime had confiscated his family's property, and his son worked as a member of the militia. When the monk saw Xu Haishan and the others, he couldn't help but shudder in his heart, but soon greeted him with a smile. Xu Haishan explained to him the party's policy, warned him not to be an enemy of the Communist Party, and taught him to do things for the Red Army and strive for meritorious service, and the monk nodded again and again. Since then, Xu Haishan has lived and eaten in the temple, and carried out secret activities in secret. A few days later, the monk's son returned from the militia group and provided Xu Haishan with information about the number and activities of the militia in the nearby stronghold. Xu Haishan immediately reported to the special commission, and led more than 50 plainclothes troops to skillfully disguise themselves as militia groups, infiltrate the enemy's den, eliminate the enemy in the stronghold, and shoot several leading evildoers.
Through arduous struggle, Xu Haishan and the plainclothes squad have established extensive and close ties with the masses. Later, Xu Haishan often went along the road leading to Hekou to distribute leaflets to various strongholds in Hekou Town, where Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army was stationed, and the masses took the initiative to cooperate and respond. Many people risked their lives to help plainclothes squads deliver information and cover the sick and wounded. After the enemy heard the news of Xu Haishan, he arrested his brother, wife and only son to the stronghold of Chenjiasi and threatened to cut down the grass and eradicate the roots, but Xu Haishan was unyielding. The enemy had no choice but to kill his 4-year-old son in a frenzy. Xu Haishan was extremely angry at the enemy's atrocities, and was determined to turn her grief into strength, resolutely wage a long-term struggle against the enemy, and vow to carry out the revolution to the end.
In November 1934, after the Long March of the main force of the Red 25th Army, which persisted in the struggle in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui region, a small number of troops and local armed forces were left to persist in the struggle behind enemy lines. The Hekou plainclothes team led by Xu Haishan was expanded into a special service battalion and a plainclothes team of the 5th Huang'an District, and was incorporated into the Hubei Regiment. In May 1935, the Independent Regiment was incorporated into the Red 28th Army in the Xiaogan area. Xu Haishan transferred the pistol team as a clerk. The Red 28th Army decided to go to southern Shaanxi to find the Red 25th Army, and when it reached the Tongbai Mountain area in Henan, it encountered the Kuomintang army, and Xu Haishan was wounded in the arm. Subsequently, Gao Jingting sent him as a plainclothes captain, responsible for covering and placing the wounded and developing the revolutionary armed forces.
In April 1936, Xu Haishan led a plainclothes team from Shucheng in western Anhui Province to Qianshan and was surrounded by the enemy. In the heat of battle, an enemy bullet passed through his jaw and knocked out half of his teeth. Under the cover of the plainclothes team of the hidden mountain, he lived in a cave to recuperate from his injuries.
In the spring of 1937, the Kuomintang army carried out an extremely brutal "purge" of the Red Army guerrillas who persisted in the struggle in the Dabie Mountains for three months. The enemy burned houses and searched mountains, emigrated and merged villages, built pillboxes, and tried in vain to trap and starve the Red Army guerrillas. In June and July, the enemy mobilized a large number of troops and mobilized local authorities, militia groups, security forces, and other reactionary forces to carry out an unprecedented and comprehensive "clean-up" of plainclothes units. In this grim situation, most of the plainclothes teams suffered losses of varying degrees. Under the cover of the support of the masses of the people, the second detachment of the Harrier Luoping plainclothes team led by Xu Haishan hid in the graves during the day and lurked at night by the surrounding villages, used secret signals to contact the masses, solved the problem of eating, wittily and skillfully dealt with the enemy's search for mountains, persisted in the struggle behind enemy lines, and preserved the revolutionary forces.
One day in July, Xu Haishan accepted the task assigned by the special commission: to pick up the traffic officers returning from the Xi'an office of the Eighth Route Army in the ravine at the tip of the highest peak of Harrier Luoping. At that time, the 32nd Division of the enemy Wang Xuesen was stationed in Harrier Luoping and the surrounding area, they repaired artillery towers, built fortifications, carefully searched every ravine, every hill, shoveled wild vegetables when they saw them, and threw water into the streams when they saw them. Xu Haishan and the other two comrades endured hunger in the face of serious difficulties, and finally received the traffic officer Jiang Shutang, and crossed the enemy's line in the dark and rushed to the location of the special commission. Jiang Shutang conveyed the oral instructions of the party Central Committee to the responsible persons of the special committee, and brought with him two documents, the "Letter to the Comrades of the Whole Party" and the "Resolution on the New Situation of the Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement and the Democratic Republic" of the CPC Central Committee on the development of the anti-Japanese national movement. In accordance with the spirit of the central instructions, the responsible persons of the special commission, on behalf of the 28th Army of the Red Army and local guerrillas who had persisted in the guerrilla war in the Dabie Mountains for three years, held talks with the Kuomintang Wei Lihuang representatives in Yuexi, Anhui Province, and reached an armistice agreement with the Kuomintang authorities in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border region.
In August 1937, under the situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Xu Haishan, in accordance with the decision of the Special Committee, gathered all plainclothes teams operating in western Anhui in Harrier Luoping, and then went to Qiliping in Huang'an County for training. At that time, some comrades could not figure out how the Red Army was changed to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, especially when they took off the five-star and replaced it with the Kuomintang cockade, many of them cried. Xu Haishan's patient ideological work enabled many comrades to enhance their ideological understanding and deepen their understanding of the party's policy of resisting Japanese national reunification.
In March 1939, the 7th Regiment of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army marched east to the area of Fengyang, Anhui. Due to the continuous attacks of the Japanese puppet army on the anti-Japanese base areas, our army was in dire need of supplies, coupled with continuous operations, the troops were emotionally unstable and in a very difficult situation. Xu Haishan, who was then director of the regiment's political department, immediately went down to the company with Qin Xian'an, chief of staff, and on the one hand took measures to stabilize the troops, and on the other hand tried every means to solve the difficulties in the supply of the troops. After Xu Haishan and her comrades studied it, they decided to fight a battle and ask the enemy for supplies. After reconnaissance, he personally led a battalion of troops to sink a Japan motorboat on the Huai River, eliminated dozens of Japanese soldiers, captured a large number of 0 ammunition and supplies, replenished the troops, and boosted morale.
In January 1941, the Kuomintang diehards created the Southern Anhui Incident that shocked China and the rest of the world. The New Fourth Army carried out unified reorganization in accordance with the orders of the Party Central Committee, and the original Fourth Detachment was reorganized into the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army, and Xu Haishan served as the political commissar of the 12th Regiment of the Fourth Brigade. In order to receive part of the troops that had been scattered during the breakthrough of the Southern Anhui Incident, Xu Haishan's regiment accepted the task of occupying two ferries. Xu Haishan analyzed the enemy's situation and decided to deal with the enemy with both education and military assault. A company of recalcitrant troops at the twelve-mile fork ferry put up a stubborn resistance, and our regiment immediately wiped it out and occupied the ferry. This was a great shock to the recalcitrant troops at the Baliqiao ferry, and after education, they gave up the ferry, so that our army could smoothly receive more than 500 commanders and fighters of the New Fourth Army who crossed the Yangtze River to the north.
In March, Xu Haishan led the 12th Regiment to participate in the Battle of Jinniu Mountain under the command of Luo Binghui, and dealt a blow to the Japanese army's encroachment on our Huainan base area. In the struggle to open up the new Yiyang (Zheng) and Yang (Zhou) districts, the troops were desperately short of supplies, and they could only eat soybeans every day, and many people's stomachs were swollen, seriously affecting the combat effectiveness of the troops. Xu Haishan suggested and supported the exchange of soybeans for rice in enemy-occupied areas, thus solving the difficulties in the troops' lives and ensuring the combat effectiveness of the troops.
In May, Xu Haishan was transferred to the deputy director of the Organization Department of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army and a member of the division's party committee. In August 1944, he went to study at the Central China Party School organized by the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China. During this period, he wrote a "self-biography of reflection" of more than 10,000 words with a serious attitude and a fair mind, in which he realistically analyzed the progress he had made since joining the revolution, examined his own thinking, summed up his lessons and lessons, and was full of love for the party and confidence in the victory of the Chinese revolution.
In August 1945, the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and other anti-Japanese forces launched a full-scale attack on the Japanese puppet army. Xu Haishan led the Fourth Brigade and his brother troops, led by Luo Binghui, to the north of Lunan and advanced to the enemy-occupied area, annihilating the Japanese puppet army in Hanzhuang and defending Lunan.
In December 1946, Xu Haishan led his troops to participate in the Battle of Laiwu and the Battle of Menglianggu. In August 1947, during the short-term rest and recuperation of the troops, Xu Haishan conducted timely education on the situation of the troops, so that the vast number of commanders and fighters could clearly understand the situation of the whole country and enhance their confidence in winning the final victory. In the battle to block the enemy in the area of Shuigoutou, Xu Haishan commanded the majority of commanders and fighters, brave and tenacious, fought bloodily, and persisted until the attack on Clayyang City.
In the spring of 1948, during the arduous combat life, Xu Haishan suffered from lung disease, and he insisted on working despite his illness. In early July, in the advance of the Shandong Corps on the Jinpu Road, the troops attacked Yanzhou. At this time, Xu Haishan, who had served as the political commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column, was extremely weak, but she continued to do a good job in pre-war political mobilization and organization with the team. During the battle, he insisted on commanding the battle together with the division commander until the final victory was achieved.
After the Battle of Yanzhou, Xu Haishan's condition worsened, and he couldn't even ride a horse when marching at night, so the organization prepared to let him recuperate for a while. When he found out, he said: "Jinan has not been liberated yet, and I can't leave the army to recuperate." In mid-August, the East China Field Army began preparations for the Jinan Campaign, and Xu Haishan dragged his seriously ill body and led the cadres of the organs to the company for pre-war mobilization and organization work.
On September 16, the Battle of Jinan began, and Xu Haishan insisted on commanding the battle despite his illness and weakness. On the 18th, the troops were ordered to attack in the direction of Baima Mountain and Dingjiazhuang, and Xu Haishan, regardless of the danger, rode straight from the division headquarters to the vanguard regiment to participate in the command work of the division's front-line command post. From the attack on Dingjiazhuang, the breakthrough of Kazimen in the southwest corner of Nanbu, to the breakthrough of Yongsui Gate in the outer city, he has always commanded the battle with the division commander Gurry and rarely rested. According to the development and changes of the battle, Xu Haishan boosted morale in a timely manner and encouraged the troops to overcome difficulties. He paid great attention to the unity among the troops and the cooperation between them in battle. If you find a problem, you will help solve it. This played an important role in the rapid victory of the battle.
On September 23, the Battle of Jinan entered the final decisive stage. The Thirteenth Column - gave the task of breaking through Kunshun Gate to Xu Haishan's division.
Kunshun Gate is a city gate in the southwest corner of the inner city of Jinan, where the enemy has strengthened its troops and firepower in a vain attempt to stop our army's attack.
At 6 p.m., the earth-shattering sound of artillery rang out, and the siege began. After some fierce battles and repeated battles, the breakthrough was finally opened by the 37th Division. On the afternoon of September 24, the army of the West Road, which was besieging the inner city, entered the inner city from the Kunshun Gate breakthrough in a steady stream, and together with the army of the East Road, which had entered the inner city from the southeast corner, launched a rapid attack on the enemy's provincial capital. The command post of the 37th Division was set up on a small building in the northwest corner of the Zhangjia Mansion on the west side of Baotu Spring, and when the command post was about to move to the city, it was suddenly bombed by enemy planes, and Xu Haishan, the political commissar of the division, and several staff officers sacrificed their precious lives for the liberation of Jinan.
After the end of the Jinan Campaign, the heroes and models who participated in the liberation of Jinan and made meritorious contributions were commended by Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee, and the 109th Infantry Regiment of the 37th Division was awarded the glorious title of "Jinan Second Regiment". At the memorial meeting for Xu Haishan, all the commanders and fighters of the 37th Division shed tears and raised their guns to take the oath. On October 10, 1948, Zhou Zhijian, the former commander of the 13th Column of the East China Field Army, wrote an inscription in the column's "March Daily", deeply remembering Xu Haishan and his comrades who sacrificed his life. When the comrades sorted out the relics of Political Commissar Xu, they found a pocket diary in his satchel, which was an autobiography he wrote when he was studying at the Central China Party School in March 1945, and a note written to his lover Zhang Jie before the Battle of Jinan, which read: "Comrade Zhang Jie, this task is arduous, I am ready to sacrifice, there is nothing else left for you, only this autobiography, leave you with a permanent memory." "Signed, Comrade Haishan......
On September 23, 1948, Xu Haishan martyr died gloriously, was one of the supreme commanders of our army who died in the Battle of Jinan, after the battle, the comrades-in-arms held a memorial meeting for Comrade Xu Haishan in the western suburbs of Jinan. In 1952, political commissar Xu Haishan was buried in the Jinan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery.
Between 2004 and 2006, the cemetery rebuilt 23 famous martyrs' tombs with granite stones, red steles embedded with martyrs' remains, and gold-painted inscriptions introducing the life deeds of the martyrs. At present, 1,614 martyrs are buried in the cemetery of Jinan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, including 875 famous martyrs and 739 unknown martyrs.
On the eve of the Qingming Festival, the Jinan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery and the Jinan Battle Memorial Hall welcomed two special guests to pay tribute to Xu Haishan, the political commissar of the 13th Division of the 37th Column, the supreme commander who died in the Jinan Campaign. They are Zhang Aimin (with his mother's surname) and granddaughter Xu Ling, the son of martyr Xu Haishan, who came from Beijing to pay tribute to the revolutionary martyrs in the martyr's cemetery, and laid flowers in front of the tomb of his father Xu Haishan to express their infinite longing.
Subsequently, they came to the memorial hall and faced the photos and relics of their father, Zhang Aimin had mixed feelings, and told the staff and the audience some little-known touching stories of his father.
"I was still young when my father died, and most of my impressions of my father came from the mouths of my mother and my father's comrades-in-arms. My father fought countless battles in his life and was wounded many times. In particular, in an encounter with the enemy in April 1936, he was hit by several bullets, one of which went through his jaw and went through his neck, and half of his teeth were knocked out. This serious injury caused the most damage to his body, not only did he lose half of his full teeth, but also damaged his lungs. Before hitting Jinan, he would cough up a large amount of thick phlegm every day. There was no way, so he had to hold an enamel cup in his hand every day to catch phlegm. Under these circumstances, the organization took care of him and decided to promote him to the Huainan Military Region as deputy director of the Political Department. In this way, from a combat unit to an organ, the pressure of work will be much less, which will be beneficial to the recovery of his condition. But my father did not accept the appointment. My father had always been reluctant to leave the fighting unit, and they were prepared to sacrifice every time they fought. At that time, his health was already very bad, and he could no longer ride a horse on a night march, relying entirely on a stretcher. Tan Zhenlin and other leaders and some comrades-in-arms persuaded him to leave the army to recuperate, saying that if he wanted to recuperate, he would wait until the battle was over.
The Battle of Jinan began on September 16, 1948, and lasted for 8 days and 8 nights. My father was sacrificed on the 8th day, the moment when Jinan broke the city. On that day, the commander of the 13th Column gave the task of breaking through Kunshunmen to the 37th Division, where his father was. Braving heavy enemy artillery fire, the troops repeatedly fought with the enemy at the breach, and finally broke through to the inner city before dawn on the 24th. At this time, enemy planes bombed the southwest corner indiscriminately, and the command post of the 37th Division, which was located on a small building on the west side of Baotu Spring, was blown over. According to Ding Zhao, former deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department of the 37th Division, who participated in the rescue at the time, after the command post was blown up, Gurry's division commander was buried shallow and survived. And my father was buried too deep, so by the time the troops dug him out of the collapsed command post, he had already lost his breath. When Ding Zhao was cleaning up the relics of the martyrs, he found a small notebook in his satchel, which was the autobiography written by his father on the eve of the graduation of his studies at the Central China Party School in March 1945, which is now on display in the display case. There is also a note in the middle of the notebook. This note was written before the Battle of Jinan, but it was too late to give it to my mother. The letter reads: "Comrade Zhang Jie, this task is very arduous, I am ready to sacrifice, there is nothing else left for you, only this autobiography, for your eternal memory." "Unfortunately, the notebook was kept, but the note was lost.
The reason why my father left this suicide note was that he knew very well that the Kuomintang troops opposite them were all equipped with American-style weapons, and their firepower was quite strong, and the command position was often attacked by firepower. His comrades-in-arms in the Red 28th Army, Qin Xian'an, the former political commissar of the Second Column and the Fifth Division, and Yin Shaoli, the commander of the Fourth Division, all died on the battlefield of the Liberation War. Before the war, he and his mother had told him that the battle was very dangerous, especially since their troops had to operate around the airport. What was particularly different for my mother was that when she went to the front to visit her father, she insisted that the guards take her back to the rear station, which had never happened before. In fact, my father was completely prepared to sacrifice. My mother received my father's last letter before the Battle of Jinan, after the Battle of Yanzhou. At that time, in addition to asking people to bring back a letter from the front, my father also had a few pounds of biscuits. The letter probably meant that they were nervous at the front and wanted their mother to study hard in the rear, and the biscuits they brought were captured from the enemy. My father also asked my mother to give half of the biscuits she had brought back to Gurry's family. Unexpectedly, after a short time, my father really left my mother and us forever. ”
Zhang Aimin also found her war notes donated to the memorial hall by Comrade Yu Hengjia on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the Jinan Campaign. In this notebook, which has long been moth-eaten, Xu Haishan, political commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column of Huaye, and Ding Zhao, deputy political commissar of the 13th Vertical Division, are recorded on how to "replenish the captured soldiers while fighting".
Before the war, the political commissar of the 13th Column of Huaye and the director of the political department of the regiment usually held a training course for the leader of the party group, and there were many training contents, one of which was how to digest and educate the "liberation fighters". During the Jinan Campaign and the Huaihai Campaign, the captured soldiers on the battlefield were replenished as they were caught, and after they were replenished to the company, they were in the trenches, led by veteran comrades, to hold a grievance meeting, complaining about the old society and the old army. After the 13th Vertical and 109th Regiment attacked the city, its 3rd and 9th companies broke into the inner city and rushed back and forth to kill, and the 7-hour battle of the lone army was to flexibly use the strategy of "capturing and replenishing, teaching and fighting". They carried a lot of military caps with them, and the captured prisoners were reorganized so that they could be immediately replenished into the ranks of the battle. ”
The cultural relics in the photo above are the pocket notebooks displayed in the Jinan Battle Memorial Hall, which are the relics left by Xu Haishan, the political commissar of the 37th Division of the East China Field Army, after his heroic sacrifice in the Battle of Jinan, and inside is his autobiography written when he was studying at the Central China Party School. In the middle is also a note left to his lover before participating in the battle, which reads: "Comrade Zhang Jie, this task is very arduous, I am ready to sacrifice, there is nothing else left for you, only this autobiography, leave you as a permanent memorial." Signed, Comrade Haishan. Although this notebook is only the size of a palm, for Zhang Jie, Xu Haishan left her the whole life. What is touching is that Xu Haishan dedicated herself to the revolution and the people, but she never let go of her lover. Pei Duofei said: "Life is precious, love is more valuable, if it is for freedom, both can be thrown away." Xu Haishan gave another answer to the true character of a hero, that is: both the great love of the family and the country, and the love of children. Martyr Xu Haishan, thank you, in the troubled times and war, teach us how to love.
The Jinan Battle Memorial Hall displays a delicate pocket notebook, and on the open notebook, there is a delicate blue pen handwriting. The owner of the notebook was Xu Haishan, then political commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column of the East China Field Army.
Xu Haishan was one of the two divisional cadres of our army who died in the Battle of Jinan. After the battle, Xu Haishan rarely rested, but just as the battle ushered in the dawn of victory, at noon on September 24, 1948, the command post of the 37th Division on the west side of Baotu Spring was bombed by enemy planes. When the soldiers rescued the wounded division commander and the living comrades from the rubble, they found that political commissar Xu Haishan and several staff guards had unfortunately died. Xu Haishan was 38 years old at the time. Just a few hours later, the defenders of the inner city of Jinan were all annihilated, and the Battle of Jinan was won.
This pocket-sized little book was sandwiched in Xu Haishan's satchel, and before the battle, he left a note to his lover Zhang Jie: Comrade Zhang Jie, this task is very arduous, I am ready to sacrifice, there is nothing left for you, only this autobiography, leave you a permanent memorial.
According to the staff of the Jinan Battle Memorial Hall, on the eve of this year's Qingming Festival, Zhang Aimin (with his mother's surname), the son of the martyr Xu Haishan, came to the Jinan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery.
Before the war, Xu Haishan and his wife had talked about the danger of this battle, and what made her feel particularly different was that after she went to the front to visit her husband, her husband insisted that the guards take her back to the rear station, which had never happened before.
During the visit, similar stories of heroes and models abounded, and on the display wall of heroes and models of the Jinan Battle Memorial Hall, some heroes and models with outstanding military achievements did not even leave a photo, and left blank spaces for future generations to remember.
Wang Xiao, the squad leader of the Liberation Pavilion, remembered that in June last year, a man from other places came to the Liberation Pavilion, "He knew that his grandfather participated in the battle, but he never knew where his grandfather was buried and when he died. ”
The man took the "Ninth Column of the East China Field Army Jinan Battle Martyrs Sacrifice Register", turned page after page, and almost gave up, but when he turned to the last page, his eyes suddenly widened: "Look, look, here!" He carefully compared his subordinates and places of origin, and suddenly knelt on the ground with a "bang", kowtowed three times, and shouted with tears in his eyes: "Grandpa, I finally found you, and finally fulfilled grandma's last wish." A period of waiting that spanned 70 years has finally ushered in an echo.
In the middle of summer, the Jinan Hero Mountain Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery is solemn and solemn, the pines and cypresses are evergreen, and I came here for the third time to worship the Hong'an revolutionary martyrs Wang Jiwen and Xu Haishan who are buried in the land of Qilu. At the gate of the cemetery, I bought two bundles of yellow chrysanthemums, held them on my chest and walked towards the second row of cemeteries on Hero Mountain, and came to the tomb of Wang Jiwen and Xu Haishan martyrs.
Jinan Hero Mountain Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery is built on the mountain, surrounded by pines and cypresses, and is lush. On the top of the mountain in the north stands the Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Tower, 34.64 meters high, the plane is rectangular, it is made of milky white granite, the stele tower is north and south, engraved with Mao Zedong's inscription "Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Tower" seven big characters. The eastern part of the cemetery is the Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall, which displays the list of more than 220,000 revolutionary martyrs in Shandong Province and the portraits of 80 famous martyrs, and introduces the deeds of martyrs such as Wang Jianmei, Deng Enming, and Liu Qianchu with charts, photos, and physical objects, as well as the heroic achievements of the "Jinan First Regiment" and "Jinan Second Regiment" named by the Central Military Commission in the Jinan Campaign. The southern part is a martyr's cemetery. Under the shade of pine and cypress, 1,502 revolutionary martyrs are buried, including Wang Jinmei, Lu Bojun, Liu Qianchu, etc., who were in charge of the early Shandong Province of the Communist Party of China, as well as 786 famous martyrs and 716 unknown martyrs who died in the Battle of Jinan.
In the Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall, I learned about the heroic deeds of Wang Jiwen and Xu Haishan with reverence. Martyr Wang Jiwen was born in 1916 in a poor peasant family in Wang Xinglu Village, Gaoqiao Town, Huang'an (now Hong'an) County, Hubei Province. He joined the Communist Youth League at the age of 13, joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1930, and transferred from the League to the Communist Party of China in 1932. During the Great Revolution, he served as the leader of the Young Pioneers and the head of the Children's Regiment, and participated in the Long March with the Red Fourth Front Army in 1935. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wang Jiwen served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and went to Shandong with the troops to establish an anti-Japanese base area. In 1942, he led his troops to attack the puppet army headquarters at night, and captured Zhang Xianrong, commander of the Kuomintang army detachment and commander of the puppet army, and more than 400 people below; On the way back, he coerced 1 regiment of Zhang Xianrong's army to surrender. In November 1943, he led the commanders and fighters of the whole regiment to attack the East Pillar and gather and annihilate the habitual bandit Liu Guitang. He also set up an ambush with two companies to attack the headquarters of the 142nd Division of the Kuomintang Army to dampen its spirit. In May 1944, he commanded the troops to carry out continuous blasting, conquered Pangzhuang, and completely annihilated 1 brigade of the puppet army and 1 squad to aid the Japan invading army. In February 1945, Wang Jiwen led his troops to attack Surabaya City from a long distance, fought fiercely for a day and night, annihilated more than 1,500 remnants of the puppet Tenth Army, killed his army commander Rong Ziheng, killed 20 Japanese soldiers and captured 2 prisoners. In December, during the attack on Tengxian County, Wang Jiwen was wounded by shrapnel in the chest and was hospitalized for surgery to remove one of his lungs.
During the Liberation War, Wang Jiwen served as the deputy commander of the 8th Division of the 3rd Column of the East China Field Army in the spring of 1946, and was promoted to division commander in 1947. The blasting should be fast, the assault should be fierce, and the attack should be like a nail, nailed to the tower. After the 8th Division assaulted the West Gate, together with its brother troops, it completely annihilated more than 28,000 people of the 72nd Division defending the enemy. In March l948, Wang Jiwen led his troops to participate in the Battle of Luoyang and won the victory.
In September 1948, the Battle of Jinan began, and Wang Jiwen led the whole division to conquer the peripheral strongholds such as Phoenix Mountain, Dustpan Mountain, and Daqing Mountain in one fell swoop, and invaded the commercial port. At dawn on 21 September, he entered the commercial port with the assault troops, went deep into the command post of the 1st Battalion of the 21st Regiment, and directed the battle; at about 9 o'clock in the morning, he heard that a blockade of the enemy's blockade on the 8th Wei Road was very strict, and it was difficult for the troops to advance, so he ignored the dissuasion of political commissar Wang Liusheng and personally went to the front line to arrange firepower with the cadres of the regiment and battalion. He deployed firepower with the regimental and battalion cadres at the entrance of the alley, less than 100 meters from the line of fire, and commanded the troops to defeat the enemy's warlords. When he returned to the division command post, a shell exploded next to him, he fell in a pool of blood with the personnel of the body, his left lung was seriously injured, and he was in a coma for a while, when he woke up, knowing that his injuries were serious, he said to the medical officer: "Don't give injections, you hurry up and treat those soldiers, if they are cured, they can still serve the people!" When the stretcher team came to carry him, he sternly said, "Carry the warriors first!" In the end, Wang Jiwen tried his best to open his eyes and said to Ding Qiusheng, the political commissar of the column who came to see him, "Political commissar! I have not completed the task assigned to me by the party, please send someone to command it quickly! At five o'clock in the afternoon, Wang Jiwen, a brave and loyal revolutionary soldier, shed his last drop of blood, completed a glorious and short life course, and died heroically at the age of 32.
In January 1938, martyr Xu Haishan served as the secretary of the 9th Regiment of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army and the deputy commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 7th Regiment of the 4th Detachment. In January 1939, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Seventh Regiment of the New Fourth Army, and in March, he led a battalion of troops to sink a Japanese motorboat in the Huai River, eliminating dozens of Japanese soldiers and seizing a large number of guns and ammunition.
After the "Southern Anhui Incident" in January 1941, Xu Haishan served as the political commissar of the 12th Regiment of the 4th Brigade of the New Fourth Army, and in May of the same year, he was transferred to the 2nd Division as the deputy director of the Organization Department. In August 1945, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army, and in October, he went north to Lunan and led his troops to attack the Japanese puppet occupation area. In December 1946, Xu Haishan served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Second Column of the Shandong Field Army, and in February 1948, he was transferred to the Political Commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column. In late May, the Shandong Corps advanced to the Jinpu Road, and in the arduous fighting life, Comrade Xu Haishan suffered from lung disease and was very weak, but he often insisted on working. In mid-August, when our East China Field Army began preparations for the Jinan Campaign, Comrade Xu Haishan dragged his seriously ill body and led the cadres of the organs to the company to carry out pre-war mobilization education and organizational work. Together with the commanders and fighters, he raised his hand and swore that he would not hesitate to sacrifice his personal life to resolutely "open Jinan Mansion and capture Wang Yaowu alive."
At 24 o'clock on 16 September, the Battle of Jinan began, and Comrade Xu Haishan insisted on commanding the battle despite his illness and infirmity. On the night of 18 September, the troops were ordered to attack in the direction of Baima Mountain and Dingjia Mountain. Regardless of the danger, Comrade Xu Haishan mounted a horse from the division headquarters, crossed the troops, and ran straight to the vanguard regiment to take part in the command work of the division's forward command post. From the attack on Dingjiashan, the breakthrough of Kazimen in the southwest corner of the commercial port, to the breakthrough of Yongsui Gate in the outer city, he was with the division commander Comrade Gurry for six consecutive days and six nights, and rarely rested. In light of the development and changes in the combat situation, he put forward political agitation slogans in a timely manner to boost morale and motivate the troops to overcome difficulties. On 23 September, the Battle of Jinan entered the final decisive stage. At 12 o'clock in the afternoon, the Corps ordered the 13th Column to break through from Kunshunmen, and then assist the 3rd Column and the 9th Column to attack Wang Yaowu's command center, the Kuomintang Provincial Government. The commander of the 13th Column gave the task of breaking through Kunshunmen to the 37th Division where Comrade Xu Haishan belonged.
Kunshun Gate is a city gate in the southwest corner of the inner city of Jinan, the northeast corner of Tuquan close to it, not far from the west gate to the north, and the south gate to the east. There are many bunkers above and below the city, and there are moats, barbed wire and other obstacles outside the city walls. The enemy attaches great importance to the strength and firepower of the troops here, in a vain attempt to prevent our troops from attacking. At six o'clock in the afternoon, the earth-shattering sound of cannons sounded, and the siege began. All kinds of guns and cannons of our army shot at the enemy above and below the city, and the demolition heroes rushed to the blasting target with blasting canisters in their hands and explosives bags in their arms, like arrows off the string. The enemy resisted desperately like a beaten mad dog, and bundles of grenades flew down from the city wall in batches, and after some fierce battles and repeated battles, the breakthrough was finally opened by the 37th Division of our army. On the afternoon of 24 September, the army of the Western Road, which was besieging the inner city, entered the inner city through the Kunshun Gate breakthrough in a steady stream, and together with the army of the East Road, which had entered the inner city from the southeast corner (around the Liberation Pavilion), launched a rapid attack on the enemy's provincial capital. The command post of the 37th Division of our army was set up on the small building in the northwest corner of the Zhangjia Mansion on the west side of Baotu Spring, and was about to move to the city. Suddenly, two "B-29" bombers flew in, desperately bombing our army's position near Kunshunmen, and the command post of the 37th Division on the small building on the west side of Baotu Spring was bombed, the entire building was blown over, and the command post was buried in the rubble, and political commissar Xu Haishan unfortunately died on the spot at the age of 38.
At this time, my mood could not be calm for a long time, Hong'an walked out of countless high-ranking generals, Wang Jiwen, Xu Haishan two martyrs are outstanding representatives among them, for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people, the two martyrs fell in the smoke before dawn, although they feel sorry for their lives, but even more proud of their spirit, Qingshan buried loyal bones everywhere, Qilu earth rests heroic souls!
After leaving the Martyrs' Tomb, I stopped by to visit the Heroes Mountain Scenic Area. Hero Mountain Scenic Area is located in the center of Jinan City.
Hero Mountain, formerly known as Chixia Mountain, commonly known as Sili Mountain, is from the center of Jinan to the south to the bottom of the mountain Sili Road. Why did it change to Hero Mountain? It is said to be related to Chairman Mao Zedong, in the early days of liberation, Chairman Mao Zedong made a special trip to Jinan in 1953 to mourn the revolutionary martyrs, Xu Shiyou, the commander of the Jinan Military Region at that time, accompanied the old man to go up the mountain to pay his respects, Xu Shiyou said that the soldiers who died during the Battle of Jinan were basically buried here, and there were many martyrs who did not even leave their names, Chairman Mao Zedong couldn't help but sigh, "This is really a heroic mountain!" Since then, the name of Hero Mountain has been called.
Hero Mountain Scenic Area has a very superior natural environment, beautiful scenery, is a veritable city of the mountain, the hero mountain in autumn is clear sky, climb the peak and overlook, the Yellow River Bridge in the distance, Queshan Reservoir, Baotu Spring, Daming Lake, Thousand Buddha Mountain and so on in the near panoramic view, the winding mountain curve leisurely in front of you, a large area of green and verdant green is quietly watching you beside you, a cool breeze blows, with the refreshing mountain breeze, the fragrance of pine and cypress, experience the comfort of the city mountain forest, it is refreshing, the whole body is comfortable. Here stands the revolutionary martyrs memorial tower with the inscription of Chairman Mao Zedong, not only the "first" Shandong representative Wang Jianmei and Deng Enming, but also the martyrs of the Jinan Campaign, and my fellow villagers Wang Jiwen and Xu Haishan, two martyrs, Hero Mountain is really well-deserved! Looking at the tombs of the two martyrs Wang Jiwen and Xu Haishan on the Hero Mountain, there was an echo from the heart, rest in peace, martyrs, you rest in peace in the land of Qilu, your spirit is immortal, and the people of Shandong will not forget you.
After we entered the cemetery, our expressions were solemn, the staff distributed a white corsage to each person, everyone lined up neatly in front of the tomb, and I made a memorial speech to Xu Haishan on "Commemorating the Martyrs, Loving the Country and the Party". Subsequently, I announced that all personnel would begin to wipe down the tombstones of the martyrs. We walked to the martyr's monument in an orderly manner and carefully wiped the tombstone of the martyr due to nine ashes. After the tombstone was wiped, all the staff bowed their heads in front of the martyrs' monument and observed a three-minute silence to remember the spirit of the martyrs.
After the silent ceremony, all the officers went to the martyrs' monument to pay respects to the martyrs' life deeds and remember the patriotic spirit. Finally, all the staff took a group photo in front of the Martyrs' Monument to record this precious and meaningful sacrifice and sweeping activity.
At this time, I felt an inexplicable shock, through this Qingming Festival sweeping activity, I realized that our happy life today is piled up by the lives of martyrs, we must cherish the present more, grasp the future, and always cherish a patriotic and grateful heart. ”
At this time, a comrade surnamed Lin, who had worked in the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Cao County, Shandong, told us the whole process of the Jinan Campaign:
The Battle of Jinan, a model battle of excellent strategic campaign coordination, our soldiers rushed to the breakthrough of the southeast entrance of the city wall. The 73rd Regiment of the Ninth Column took the lead in attacking the city wall and was awarded the honorary title of "Jinan First Regiment". "The history of the Chinese revolution is the best nourishment" and it is necessary to "get enlightenment and determination from history." "Under the new situation, we must uphold and make good use of the living soul of Mao Zedong Thought, build our party well, and continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics." Chairman Mao Zedong sent more than 30 telegrams, and with scientific, timely, meticulous, and overall, strategic, scientific, and accurate guidance, the first battle of the strategic decisive battle in the history of the People's Liberation Army was a battle that opened up a new situation, and it took only eight days and nights to achieve complete victory; this was a major battle in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's war in which both sides invested 600,000 troops, and it was the first time that the People's Revolutionary Armed Forces won a major city in which more than 100,000 enemies were annihilated and fortified facilities were conquered. It has reached an important turning point in the seizure of large cities, and it has also advanced from the strategic principle of "taking the annihilation of the enemy's vital forces as the main goal, and not defending or seizing cities and localities as the main goal" to "annihilating the enemy's vital forces and seizing large cities and permanently occupying them," striving for unprecedented and greater victories, and ushering in the new era of the liberation of the whole of China. This extremely important node took place in Jinan, where Chairman Mao was the strategic commander and coordinator, and the East China Field Army and the Shandong Provincial Party organizations and the people who supported the battle were completed on the battlefield. Three-quarters of a century has passed since the great victory of the liberation of Jinan, in order to commemorate the great achievements of the revolutionary predecessors, tell the story of the Jinan Campaign, trace the origin and analyze the ins and outs of the outstanding strategic command and wonderful use of troops in the great Jinan Campaign.
8 telegrams were sent in 3 days
Mao Zedong, chairman of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, who guided our party's work at home and abroad and on major battlefields, sent eight telegrams in three days, and from 1 o'clock in the evening of July 14, 1948 to the afternoon of July 16, 1948, he sent eight telegrams in succession to the East China Bureau, Su Yu, Chen Shiqu, Tang Liang, Zhang Zhen, Xu Shiyou, Tan Zhenlin, and the Central Plains Bureau. The theme is: Commander Xu Shiyou and Political Commissar Tan Zhenlin of the Shandong Corps should "seize the Jinan airfield at the expense of fatigue (the operation to liberate Yanzhou) and quickly complete preparations for the capture of Jinan, with a view to seizing Jinan ahead of schedule." ”
The battlefield situation background of these 8 telegrams: first of all, look back at the Shandong battlefield, under the leadership and deployment of the Central Military Commission, the East China People's Liberation Army from January 1947 in the Shandong battlefield to carry out the Lunan Campaign, the Laiwu Campaign, the Tai'an Campaign, the Menglianggu Campaign, the Nanma Linqu Campaign, the Shatuji Campaign, the Jiaohe Campaign, the Laiyang Campaign, the Jiaoji Road West Campaign, the Jiaoji Road Middle Section Campaign (Weixian Campaign), the Jinpu Road Middle Section Campaign (Yanzhou Campaign); The Western Front Corps of the East China Field Army and other units also carried out the Eastern Henan Campaign, in which more than 90,000 enemies were annihilated, and most of the troops went north to Shandong after the war; In this way, with the exception of Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, and other cities, the entire territory of Shandong Province was basically liberated. After seizing Weixian County in April 1948 and completely cutting off the Jiaoji Railway, on July 14, 1948, the Shandong Corps liberated Yanzhou in the middle section of the Jinpu Road. At this point, the Kuomintang defenders in Jinan City became a "turtle in an urn", surrounded by the People's Liberation Army in the east, west, north and south.
At 1 o'clock in the evening of July 14, 1948, Chairman Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Xu Shiyou and Tan Zhenlin and told the East China Bureau, Su Yu, Chen Shiqu, Tang Liang, and Zhang Zhen: "The Yanzhou Campaign has captured two-thirds", and the 9th Column immediately used troops in Jining and Wenshang, and the Taixi Division was divided from the North China Bureau to the East China Bureau. This is the earliest telegram order issued by Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central Military Commission to capture Jinan and seize Jinan.
Only four hours later, at 5 o'clock in the morning, Mao Zedong, who had not slept, was still thinking about the capture of Jinan, and sent two more telegrams. The first letter is nearly 400 words, meaning: All units on the southern front of the East China Field Army, strive to rest and recuperate, because the rainy season is coming, but they may not rest at ease, the enemy will take advantage of your fatigue, concentrate forces to oppress you, and plan to disperse the enemy, so as to implement a big rest. Dispersing the enemy: "It is planned that Xu and Tan will attack Jinan as the most effective, and it is planned to order Xu and Tan to rest for two weeks after conquering Yan and Ji, and then attack Jinan, forcing Qiu and Huang (note: Qiu Qingquan and Huang Baitao) two corps to divide their troops to the north to aid (the enemy must not aid from the north). At this time, you will seek out the enemy to attack, so that the enemy will be forced to disperse, and the head and tail will not be able to take care of each other, which will be conducive to our various defeats and the great rest thereafter. Chairman Mao Zedong believed that after taking Yanzhou and Jining, the Shandong Corps rested for two weeks and immediately attacked Jinan, while the Western Front Corps of the East China Field Army and other units sought the enemy to annihilate on the way to the enemy's reinforcements, attacked Jinan through the Shandong Corps, and mobilized the enemy to the north. And our army can achieve "killing two birds with one stone" in the use of troops in the campaign.
At the same time, at 5 a.m. on July 14, Chairman Mao Zedong had not finished thinking about it, and sent a telegram to Xu Shiyou, Tan Zhenlin, and Su Yu, "It is very comforting to conquer Yanzhou." At this time, Chairman Mao Zedong had received a telegram from the liberation of Yanzhou, and Chairman Mao Zedong again requested in the telegram that the Shandong Corps quickly intercept the 84th Division of the enemy's Wuhua Ministry of Culture and Culture, and it was best to annihilate the 84th Division that had returned to Jinan, so as to create better conditions for the liberation of Jinan; He also demanded that the Shandong Corps "immediately move north with the main force, occupy the Jinan airfield, and build a fortified position so that the enemy cannot increase troops to Jinan from the air (the land route has been cut off), so that Lier can seize Jinan later." From 1 o'clock in the evening to 5 o'clock in the morning, within four hours, Chairman Mao Zedong thought deeply about the seizure of Jinan and outlined in telegram the wise arrangements for the liberation of Jinan.
A brand-new tactic of "attacking the city and sending reinforcements".
At 5 o'clock in the morning of July 14, Chairman Mao Zedong proposed in a telegram: "Xu Tan will attack Jinan", and the East and West Front Corps and other units of the East and West Front Corps were looking for Qiu Qingquan and Huang Baitao to reinforce a part of the corps to attack, but whether this attack was a frontal annihilation, a flank attack, or a tail attack, Chairman Mao Zedong did not make specific arrangements. At 4 a.m. on 10 August, Su Yu (acting commander), Chen Shiqu (chief of staff), Tang Liang (director of the Political Department), Zhang Zhen (deputy chief of staff), and Zhong Chiguang (deputy director of the Political Department) of the East China Field Army sent a detailed telegram to the Central Military Commission in more than 1,000 words and put forward three operational plans. First, the entire East China Field Army, including the Shandong Corps, went south to the south of the Longhai Railway to actively seek and annihilate the New Fifth Army, the main force of the Kuomintang Army (one of the five trump cards). Second, the main force will attack Jinan, which is estimated to take about 20 days, but the main force of the enemy in Xuzhou and other places will go north to reinforce, and may even reoccupy Yanzhou and Jining. Third, the capture of Jinan was carried out at the same time as the reinforcements, which combined the first and second operational plans, both to capture Jinan and annihilate the main enemy force of the New Fifth Army that had gone north to reinforce them. This plan was divided into two stages: in the first stage, 2 columns captured the enemy's airfield, and the remaining 11 columns (the East China Field Army used a total of 13 columns to calculate) sent reinforcements, striving to annihilate the enemy's New Fifth Army; In the second stage, after annihilating the enemy's reinforcements, he left troops to block the reinforcements, and sent reinforcements north to capture Jinan. In this way, there are both movement warfare and offensive battles, the troops first strike and block the enemy's reinforcements, and after successfully destroying the enemy, stabilize the blocking position, and the main force goes north to seize Jinan, which is safe and feasible, and after capturing Jinan, it is also considered to return to the division to the south and carry out the operation of isolating Xuzhou. There is a difficulty: the big war is in Shandong, and it is necessary to bear this last heavy burden.
With regard to the East China Field Army's operational plan telegraphed on 10 August, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong also sent a telegram back to the East China Field Army Headquarters on 12 August in a long article of more than 1,000 words: It is necessary to "focus on really attacking Jinan." This midway change of plan, while not very bad, lost a portion of the time and allowed the enemy to advance some distance, which could have an impact on the outcome of the battle. Huaye is required not to fight in two stages, that is, "killing two birds with one stone" to really attack Jinan and really send reinforcements, and Huaye's battle plan only arranges two columns to capture Jinan's airfield, and concentrate the strength of 11 columns to send reinforcements, and the enemy will advance slowly. Therefore, as soon as the battle begins, Jinan will be captured, and it will not be possible to seize the airport with only two columns. Ye Fei's corps (3 columns) could not tail behind Qiu Qingquan and Huang Baitao's corps and flank Qiu and Huang's troops, and all the main forces should be placed in the front, block them first, and then annihilate a few enemy units. In order to ensure the grain supply, the responsible cadres of the East China Bureau and Hebei, Shandong, and Henan were invited to participate in the consultation and planning to solve other problems that needed to be solved, such as grain.
The Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong's highly coordinated and strategic analysis of the Jinan Campaign Operational Plan pointed out that the East China Field Army's inadequacy in reporting the operational plan made the leaders of Huaye suddenly open up and greatly increase their confidence. "Everything is foreseen, and if it is not prepared, it will be wasted", "do not fight a war for which you are unprepared, and do not fight a war for which you are uncertain," Chairman Mao Zedong often said, and even more so in practice. He will always unexpectedly put forward some ideas that others can't think of, overcome shortcomings, get rid of predicaments, and change from passive to active, so as to defeat the enemy and win. The operational principle of "attacking the city and sending reinforcements" in the Jinan Campaign was a brand-new creation on the basis of our army's traditional tactics of "besieging the city and sending reinforcements" and "besieging the city and blocking the reinforcements." This is the first time that it has been used in a campaign in which both sides have invested 600,000 troops, and it is a brilliant demonstration of the transformation and improvement of the PLA's combat strategy, the great enhancement of its combat strength, and the marked improvement of its combat effectiveness.
Wonderful use of troops of "enough troops to attack the city, and the main force to send reinforcements".
After the operational plan and methods for the Jinan campaign were decided, the most urgent thing was the use and deployment of troops. Under the strategic planning and inspiration of the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong, the command of the East China Field Army sent a telegram to the Central Military Commission on August 31, 1948: "A total of 24 regiments of the former East Corps (i.e., the Shandong Corps) consisting of the 9th Column, 13th Column and Bo Column (6 regiments) will form a total of 24 regiments to attack the East Corps along the Jiaoji Line and its south, from the east and southeast to Jinan. "In addition, the 3rd and 10th columns of the former Western Corps (i.e., the Outer Line Corps) and the four regiments of the Luzhong Column, a total of 19 regiments, formed the Western Corps of the Fortified Fortified Force, which was to concentrate forces on the airfield and the army barracks from the Xuji Railway Line and the southwestern suburbs and due west of Jinan, and it was imperative that the purpose of the capture be quickly achieved on the second day of the attack (at least the airfield should be suppressed by artillery fire so that the enemy could not reinforce it). Later, the 13th Column was adjusted to the campaign reserve, and on the third day of the campaign, it was put into operation by the Western Corps, which played a major role in the rapid seizure of commercial ports and the attack on the western and inner cities. The reinforcement group arranged as follows: The 1st, 6th, and 11th columns of the former Western Corps, the 7th Column of the Eastern Corps, the 7th Brigade of the Wei (Guoqing) Ji (Luo) Corps, and the 4 regiments of Lunan Corps, a total of 52 regiments, were located on the Xuji Railway Line and the area east of it to prepare for reinforcements, and planned to carry out a raid south of Zou County. In this way, Huaye deployed 43 regiments of siege troops and 52 regiments of reinforcements in this report. At the same time, the Central Military Commission was instructed to "attack the fortified fortifications and plan to start the battle on 16 September." Please reply immediately to whether the above deployment is appropriate".
On September 2, 1948, Chairman Mao Zedong sent a telegram back to Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin, and Chen Shiqu, and to the East China Bureau and the Central Plains Bureau: "I fully agree with the entire deployment of the attack and aid proposed in the August 31 telegram." "At this point, according to the changed pattern and characteristics of the campaign, the siege force was composed of about 140,000 people, which was 44% weaker than the total strength; With 56% of the total strength, about 180,000 people formed a reinforcement corps. The campaign attempt is to really attack Jinan with a part of the sufficient troops, and Huaye's maximum strength is in the direction of blocking and reinforcing the reinforcements, because whether or not Jinan can be conquered depends on the time, and whether it will take 20 days or one month or two months to attack Jinan City, the Central Military Commission and the East China Field Army cannot be determined, but the long delay in aiding the enemy and the annihilation of many enemies are the bottom line to ensure the capture of Jinan. The guarantee of time lies in the real annihilation and blocking of the enemy in the reinforcement and blocking, so the reinforcement and blocking force is composed of more than 40,000 siege troops. Concentrating the main forces to send reinforcements and ensuring that the purpose of the battle and siege is guaranteed by sending reinforcements is the dialectical and flexible application and development of the principle of concentrating superior forces to annihilate the enemy, and has played an exemplary and guiding role in the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin. The great importance attached to the first battle of the strategic decisive battle and the opening battle of the fortified fortified and the quick victory of the Jinan Campaign led to the victory of the Jinan Campaign, which indeed changed the national strategic pattern after the autumn of 1948 and accelerated the historical process of the rapid defeat and cliff-like collapse of the Kuomintang army.
"Three Possibilities" and "Three Outcomes"
What is very commendable is that Chairman Mao Zedong also predicted "three possibilities" and "three results" for the conquest of Jinan, a total of six possible situations, so that the Huaye troops could be confident and completely grasp the rhythm of the battle in order to grasp the development of the campaign and the possible changes. Strategic guidance for the Jinan campaign, Chairman Mao Zedong rarely discussed three possibilities: September operation, the expected outcome has three possibilities. First, fight a great war of annihilation, which is what you said about not only conquering Jinan, but also annihilating most of the enemy such as the Fifth Army. Second, to fight a large, but not great, war of annihilation, that is, to conquer Jinan, and to annihilate some, but not most, of the enemy. Third, Jinan had not been conquered, and it was difficult to fight to aid the enemy, so a stalemate was formed, so we had to find another fighter.
The "three results" are Chairman Mao Zedong's telegram to the Huaye Command on August 26, and the three results of this campaign must be estimated in advance: (1) conquering Jinan when the enemy is still far away; (2) Conquer Jinan when the distance to aid the enemy is close; (3) Jinan has not yet been conquered when the distance to aid the enemy is close. In the third case, our army should temporarily change its battle plan from attacking the city to attacking the city to sending reinforcements, and then attack the city after defeating and reinforcing the enemy. On 28 August, Chairman Mao Zedong sent another telegram to Huaye that the battle was of great importance, and that the campaign plan should be based on being able to cope with the worst-case scenario, and that it should be prepared to complete the combat mission in 20 days to two months. Almost to the surprise of all military commanders and military commentators on both sides of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the attack on Jinan took only eight days and nights, destroying more than 100,000 enemies (including more than 20,000 uprisings), and Wang Yaowu, commander of the second appeasement zone and commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army in Jinan, was captured. During the planning of the campaign, Su Yu, commander-in-chief of the theater, suggested to the Central Military Commission that the launch of the Jinan Campaign be postponed to September to avoid the rainy season in Shandong, and at the same time, the Huaye Western Front Corps and the Eastern Front Corps should jointly attack Jinan to ensure the victory of the Jinan Campaign; Chairman Mao Zedong, who was a military democrat, affirmed Su Yu's suggestion and adjusted the campaign deployment in a timely manner; This was in stark contrast to the arbitrariness and arbitrariness of Chiang Kai-shek, the commander of the Kuomintang army, how could Chiang Kai-shek not be defeated?
Deepen the understanding of the great victory of the Jinan Campaign
The Battle of Jinan had a great impact on the overall situation of the Liberation War, which were: (1) the first battle to capture a strong large city defended by more than 100,000 heavy enemy troops; (2) Winning a comprehensive victory in the strategic decisive battle of the War of Liberation, that is, the breakthrough point of the strategic decisive battle; (3) The first major battle in the strategic decisive stage of the War of Liberation; (4) the first provincial capital of 100,000 defenders permanently captured by our Party; (5) Examples of mutual assistance and complementarity between the decisions of the Central Military Commission and the recommendations of the Huaye Army; (6) Masterpieces applied in the most mature stage of Mao Zedong's military thought; (7) The battle of the node that divided the Kuomintang army's Nanjing with the main axis of defense in North China, Northeast China, and North and South; (8) The first large-scale campaign, i.e., the "doubles" and "double-annihilation" campaign plan of siege and reinforcement, was very successful; The battlefield observation and guidance group sent by the Central Military Commission was just about to come to the front line of Jinan, and heard the news of the liberation of Jinan in Shijiazhuang, and sighed in surprise; (9) The victory of the Jinan Campaign began the implementation of the PLA's strategy of encircling cities from the countryside to seizing big cities and liberating the whole of China. (10) The Battle of Jinan was the first successful practice of the second battlefield in which the enemy had more than 20,000 troops, and it gave a great psychological shock to all Kuomintang troops in the country; (11) The rapid victory in the Battle of Jinan was not expected by either the Communist commander-in-chief Mao Zedong and the Kuomintang president Chiang Kai-shek; It was the first time that the East China Field Army carried out the battle of a large city, demonstrating the huge combat effectiveness and the inherent quality of the troops' wisdom and bravery; (12) The liberation of Jinan made it impossible for the Kuomintang Northeast Group to flee south by sea from Yingkou, and its North China Group could only withdraw its troops from Tanggu to the south, so that the enemy on the southern front could not receive strong support and assistance from the Northeast and North China military groups, thus creating good conditions for the subsequent battle to cross the Yangtze River and liberate Nanjing, Wuhan, and Shanghai; (13) The invincible courage displayed by the people's soldiers in the Battle of Jinan was highly praised by the Central Military Commission, and the spirit of high consciousness and self-sacrifice was invincible to the whole country. In the War of Liberation, two regiments in a campaign, namely the "Jinan First Regiment" and the "Jinan Second Regiment", were named by the Central Military Commission, which was the only time; (14) The party, government, and people of Shandong Province supported 500,000 migrant workers, more than four times that of the enemy defenders, and prepared 300 million catties of grain, proving the truth that the people are the backers; (15) The Battle of Jinan shattered the Kuomintang's key defense plan in August 1948 to defend the big cities and establish a mobile corps that the PLA "gnawed and could not move" within only one month. The Battle of Jinan quickly and cleanly interrupted the complete defensive chain of the Kuomintang army, so that the entire defensive chain that had been broken was fragmented and scattered all over the place, without any complete form.
Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, added "Great Victory" after the title of the editorial "Celebrating the Liberation of Jinan" drafted by Xinhua News Agency, which became "Celebrating the Great Victory of the Liberation of Jinan"; At the time of the liberation of Shanghai in May 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong changed the title of the editorial "Celebrating the Great Victory of the Liberation of Shanghai" drafted by the Xinhua News Agency to "Celebrating the Liberation of Shanghai." This addition and deletion are enough to show Chairman Mao Zedong's affirmation and high evaluation of the battle to break the situation in the Jinan Campaign, and the liberation of Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Wuhan across the Yangtze River is all a matter of strategic pursuit, which is far less intense, difficult, complex, arduous, and changeable than the strategic decisive battle, and it is difficult to grasp and the most difficult to command. In this Xinhua News Agency editorial, Chairman Mao Zedong personally added: "This proves that the powerful attack capability of the People's Liberation Army is already beyond the resistance of the Kuomintang army, and no Kuomintang city can escape the attack of the People's Liberation Army." Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the General Staff, pointed out in a congratulatory telegram for the victory of the Jinan Campaign drafted for the CPC Central Committee: "This is one of the most serious blows dealt to the enemy in the development of the Liberation Revolutionary War for more than two years."
Chiang Kai-shek wrote in his diary: I didn't get a good night's sleep for three nights...... The fall of Jinan has too great relations with the outside world and at home, which has greatly damaged the prestige of the government...... The military is particularly inferior, and it feels shameless.
Chen Cheng, former chief of the general staff of the Kuomintang, said in his memoirs: The military suppression of the Communist Party during the period of rebellion took the fall of Jinan in late September 37 as a turning point. But since then, it has obviously become a downward trend, and the tide has fallen, and it is irretrievable. The Associated Press telegraph said: The great victory of the People's Liberation Army in liberating Jinan on 24 April and completely annihilating the defending enemy has made the Kuomintang Supreme High Command "stunned" and this is a military victory that shakes the foundation of Chiang Kai-shek's regime. It shows that the great victory of the battle also has a world impact.
The Jinan Campaign is the commanding heights of the revolutionary history of Shandong Province, and is the key node in the four operational stages of the People's Liberation War, including strategic defense, strategic offensive, strategic decisive battle, and strategic pursuit, from offensive to decisive battle.
3,000 people were killed in the Battle of Jinan, and the wounded exceeded expectations
Concentrating the main forces to fight a big battle is far from enough to supply grain and non-staple food, and other material support cannot keep up, which will also affect the operation.
The weather in Shandong has turned cooler in September, and the temperature is especially low at night. Therefore, before the launch of the Jinan Campaign in 1948, the Huaye South Line Reinforcement Group received 100,000 sets of cotton clothes, 50,000 quilts, and 200,000 pairs of cotton shoes, and various departments of the siege group also supplemented 100,000 sets of cotton shoes. Other items such as cotton socks and gloves to keep warm are also distributed and supplemented by the East China Military Region.
In order to fortify the fortifications, Huaye Siege and Aid Group each needed 100,000 sacks, a total of 200,000. These materials are all purchased and collected by the local government.
In battle, the troops also need a large number of shovels, pickaxes, wood, door panels, baskets, and other items, and the Huaye Logistics Command stipulates that each unit should take the column as a unit and borrow money from the local masses through the locality, and the required expenses will be solved by the front support committee. It also stipulates that the First Committee cannot borrow any items that the masses rely on to make a living (such as the cloth drying rack in the cloth dyeing room, the case board of the cake shop, etc.); All cultural monuments and transportation equipment (such as sleepers, circuit (wire) poles, etc.) must be instructed by the Corps before they can be used.
When raising and borrowing war materials, all units cooperate with the localities to mobilize and publicize the masses, issue receipts to the districts and villages, and write the name of the owner and the village where they are located on the borrowed timber and door panels, so that they can be returned afterwards. In case of damage, negotiate with the owner for compensation.
According to statistics, only the shovels and shovels, the 9th and 13th columns responsible for the siege of the city need 8,000 each, and the Bohai column, which has a small number of people, needs 6,000 pieces, which can be described as a huge number. The enthusiasm of the people in Shandong is very high, and only the first and seventh sub-districts of central and southern Shandong have raised 217.1 million door panels, 41,632 wooden poles, 27,797 shovels and shovels, 29,085 sacks, and 2,050 baskets. When the villages in the Dongwu District of Licheng in the newly liberated area heard that Jinan was being attacked, they quickly sent shovels, shovels, and door panels to the front. Farmer Qi Xiaobing took out 12 door panels. The 12 villages in the south transported 8,500 wooden planks, 3,500 poles, 1,500 shovels, and more than 1,000 shovels to the front line. Other items such as bridges, ladders, wires, nails, etc., also met the needs of the troops.
In terms of ammunition supply, before the campaign was launched, the East China Logistics Command coordinated the ammunition stored in it and replenished the base ammunition for each unit by two bases as much as possible. Because East China was a key offensive area for Chiang's army, and the fighting was frequent and fierce, the supply of ammunition to Huaye was very tight. In order to ensure the supply of ammunition for the Jinan campaign, on the one hand, Dalian Jianxin Company worked overtime to produce ammunition and transported it to Shandong by sea; On the other hand, the General Headquarters coordinated with the North China Bureau to supply a part of the ammunition to Huaye. In addition, the units are also transferred to each other according to the situation. After conquering important places one after another and capturing a large number of Shandong Corps, a large amount of ammunition was allocated to the Huaye Outer Line Corps, which had been transferred to the outer line and suffered considerable losses.
Before the Battle of Jinan, Huaye issued two base ammunition to each column, and the column controlled one base ammunition, and the other base ammunition supplemented the grassroots company. The Huaye Logistics Command applied to its superiors for the allocation of four base ammunition for continuous operations.
The above is only a general situation, for the troops responsible for the siege of the city, the Shandong Corps also controlled three base artillery shells, in order to make a focused supplement according to the progress of the campaign. The military and political chiefs of each column and division directly grasped the use of artillery shells and demanded that all used shells be collected and handed over so that the arsenal could reload them. In order to prevent sabotage by enemy aircraft, the ammunition depots and forward ammunition stations of all units are dispersed and concealed as required, and the amount of ammunition stockpiled in each place is not large, so as to minimize unnecessary losses.
The Huaye Logistics Command estimated before the war that the entire campaign force would suffer about 50,000 casualties (30,000 on the southern front and 20,000 on the northern front). Of these, 20 per cent were killed, 20 per cent remained in the troops, and it is estimated that about 30,000 wounded would need to be taken to hospital for treatment (18,000 on the southern front and 12,000 on the northern front). According to this estimate, Huaye prepared a one-foot-2-inch-wide corpse cloth of 50,000 zhang (20,000 zhang for the northern line and 30,000 zhang for the southern route) for an estimated 10,000 martyrs (4,000 zhang on the northern route and 6,000 zhang on the southern route). 1,000 coffins were also prepared (400 on the northern route and 600 on the southern route).
The Huaye Health Service Department dispatched two rear hospitals, deployed in the area between Weichangshan and Zouping, to be responsible for the reception of the wounded in each column of the East Road of the North Line, which could treat 7,000 wounded. There are also four field hospitals in Yizhongcun and Taipingyi, which are responsible for receiving the wounded of various columns south of Yanzhou and Jining and east of the canal, and can treat 8,000 people. The Northern Jiangsu Corps led by Wei Guoqing and Ji Luo brought one hospital, which was deployed in the area of Liangqiu and Baiyan, which could treat 3,000 wounded in the Northern Jiangsu Corps. The North China Military Region transferred four hospitals from Hebei to the Dong'e, Feicheng, Pengjiaji, and Yuankou areas on the east bank of the Yellow River, which could treat about 12,000 wounded. Yuankou Hospital sent a transfer station to Juye to receive the wounded from various units west of the canal.
The above hospitals can treat more than 30,000 wounded people in total. In order to cope with the unexpected situation, the East China Military Region transferred two shelters from Bohai and Jiaodong, with a total capacity of 4,000 people, to be deployed near Yishui as a reserve medical force.
The Huaye Logistics Command also stipulates that the stretcher bearers and health guards of each unit are responsible for the rescue of the wounded in the line of fire. Before the campaign was launched, each column in Huaye had replenished 500 standing stretchers, each of which was equipped with six standing migrant workers to transport the wounded to the rear hospital. The pre-support committees in each combat area set up stretcher relay and tea stations every 30 miles along the evacuation routes for the wounded, as well as boat pulling stations along the canals. Each station is equipped with a considerable number of stretchers and former migrant workers, and the wounded are always on board. Strive to send 60 miles a day. The Ministry of Health has set up dressing, accommodation and accommodation stations every 60 miles. The pre-support committee mobilized a group of cooks to provide food and accommodation for the wounded, while the Ministry of Health assigned personnel to change dressings for the wounded.
In terms of medical equipment and medicines, the Shandong Military Region made unified arrangements and sent personnel to Qingdao to secretly purchase medicines and medical equipment urgently needed by the troops.
In the Battle of Jinan, the actual number of losses of the siege group was as follows: 85 people in the artillery regiment directly under the Shandong Corps (44 wounded, 10 killed, 2 missing, 29 fugitive); 9,806 people in the 9th column (8,631 wounded, 1,060 killed, 115 missing), of which the 25th Division suffered the largest casualties, and the 73rd Regiment (Jinan First Regiment) had only 3 companies left; 5,907 people in the 13th column (5,140 wounded, 581 killed, 164 missing, and 22 fleeing), the 37th Division of the column suffered the largest casualties, and the 109th Regiment (Jinan Second Regiment) was almost completely disrupted; 3,333 (2,915 wounded, 355 killed, 63 missing); 4,631 casualties in the 10th column (4,023 wounded, 568 killed, 40 missing); 1,929 in the Bohai Column (1,683 wounded, 233 killed, 13 missing); 237 troops of the Bohai Naval Region (217 wounded, 20 killed); 1,032 people in the central and southern Lu column (924 wounded, 105 killed, 3 missing).
In total, the Huaye Siege Group lost a total of 2,932 people (including 2 regiment-level cadres, 28 battalion-level cadres, and 115 company-level cadres) under the commander of the 3rd and 8th Divisions of the 3rd Column, Wang Jiwen, and Xu Haishan, political commissar of the 37th Division of the 13th Column, 400 missing, and 51 fled.
How hard is it to hit Jinan? 4,000 people fought for 4 hours on the 100-meter city wall! Of the 2,700 people, only 1,200 remained
In September 1948, Huaye's fight against Jinan was a rare tough battle. On the seventh day of the fierce battle, Commander Chen Yi personally called Xu Shiyou, the commander-in-chief of the siege group, and suggested that he withdraw his troops first and rest for a period of time before coming back to fight.
Chen Yi fought and never flinched, why did he ask Xu Shiyou to withdraw his troops at a critical moment this time?
Because this battle was too fierce and too difficult. How tough is it? Let's look at the siege on September 24 after the siege of the city was frustrated.
The third siege battle began at 1 a.m., and the 13th and 37th Divisions of the Huaye Brigade were responsible for attacking Kunshun Gate in Jinan City, and were responsible for breaking through and entering the city.
At the beginning of the battle, the wounded and stubborn 13th Battalion and 8th Company of the 109th Regiment of the 37th Division of the 8th Column were still responsible for the blasting mission. The blasting began, and the soldiers of the whole company scrambled to deliver the first package of explosives. Zhou Yuanzhi, the 17-year-old deputy squad leader, took advantage of the smoke of explosives explosions to deliver explosives packages 11 times back and forth, and the whole company delivered more than 70 explosives packages in more than 10 minutes, and finally blew a hole in the city wall. Seeing this, the commander of the column, Zhou Zhijian, immediately ordered loudly:
"The assault troops immediately landed in the city and resolutely seized the breakthrough!"
The 7th Company, which served as the assault team, lost no time in quickly climbing the city wall, consolidating and expanding the breakthrough - Kunshun Gate, and then attacked separately to the north and south. The attack on the north flank went well, and a few pillboxes were laid. However, the attack on their southern flank was met with stubborn resistance from the defenders, and the two sides formed a standoff.
The 9th Company, which followed the 7th Company, took advantage of the situation to attack the city and entered the street battle, followed by the 1st Battalion to enter the city, the 1st Company and the 2nd Company assisted the 7th Company in consolidating and expanding the breakthrough, and the 3rd Company followed the 9th Company to attack the city.
However, the fierce battle between the two armies for a breakthrough began on the Kunshun Gate.
Under the personal command of the enemy general Wang Yaowu, the enemy army fired at the Kunshun Gate breakthrough with light and heavy machine-gun fire from the commanding heights in the city and on the southern city wall. Then, Qian Boying, commander of the 77th Brigade of the enemy defenders, personally supervised the battle, and thousands of enemy soldiers were coerced by officers at all levels to rush to the city wall one after another. Machine guns, submachine guns, and grenades exploded through the dense crowd, casualties on both sides crept up, and blood flowed from the city. The 7th, 1st and 2nd companies at the breakthrough stubbornly resisted the enemy's frantic counterattack. The situation is critical.
"Cannon, cannon!" Gurry, commander of the 37th Division, shouted to the commander of the column, Zhou Zhijian: "Artillery support!" ”
Zhou Zhijian replied: "I immediately ordered artillery fire to support you, and the troops who ascended the city must hold the breakthrough to the death, and the follow-up troops will continue to climb the city, throw your 110th regiment up, and cooperate with the 109th regiment to attack the city." ”
The howitzers and field artillery of the 13th column all rang out, and the shells whistled out, but did not fall on the walls and in the enemy group.
The battle for the breakthrough is getting more and more fierce. Two hours passed, and the enemy troops were still hugging each other, and the corpses of the two armies slowly filled the waist-deep zigzag trenches. When you fall in front of you, you become my "sandbag" and "ridge", and those who do not die in battle immediately become a source of protection for those behind you. The two armies of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are the same as each other.
It was a tragic hand-to-hand fight. 4,000 people from the attacking and defending armies carried out crowd tactics on a section only 100 meters long!
The more than 100 wounded of the 37th Division who landed in the city would rather die than get out of the line of fire, using their own remnants to block the enemy's attack, and let the besieging comrades step over them. In the end, they all died.
The warrior Qu Guangxi desperately confronted the enemy at the breach. The enemy counterattacked several times, but was defeated by him. Qu Guangxi's arm was wounded, and the commander of the 2nd Company wanted to bandage him, he said: "You can't bandage it now, the bandaging enemy will come up." "He fought with the enemy with wounds, the bullets ran out, the enemy came up, he wanted to throw the gun down to the city, but his arm was injured and he couldn't throw it, he was afraid that the enemy would have to go, so he threw the machine gun down to the commander of the 2nd company. As soon as the enemy came up, he perished with him.
The 8th squad of the 1st Company is the "Youth Combat Model Class", with 13 people in the class, all of whom are only 18 years old, and they fought hard in the city for more than two hours, and in the end only the soldier Jiang Bingqi remained.
The two armies fought the breach, minute by minute, and more than four hours were still victorious, and the corpses were full of bones. At the time of the attack, more than 2,700 people came up from the 37th Division, and by dawn there were only 1,200 left. The troops fought all night, hungry and hungry, and ran out of ammunition. The cooking squads of each regiment threw the wrapped buns on the city wall with all their might, and hundreds of people threw buns and grenades. The warriors in the city ate steamed buns while fighting. When the buns fell in the blood, they picked them up, peeled them and ate them. Buns and grenades flew in the air.
The 37th Division's troops in the city and the enemy ten times their size repeatedly rushed and killed at a distance of less than 100 meters. The defender of the enemy against the troops who ascended the city was Wang Yaowu's descendant pistol brigade.
In the end, the 37th Division finally suffered heavy casualties, and at 7:40 a.m., the breakthrough was taken by the enemy again. The 3rd and 9th companies that had attacked the city were also stuck in the houses in the city and could not move.
The gains and losses of Kun Shunmen are not the fault of the siege troops, but the disparity between the strength of the enemy and us is too great. The pistol brigade sent by Wang Yaowu is the elite of the national army. Decades later, Major General Gurry said of the battle:
"The enemy's pistol brigade fought to the death, and finally lived up to Wang Yaowu's painstaking cultivation for many years."
How brutal was the Battle of Jinan? The Battle of Jinan lasted eight days and eight nights, defending 100,000 enemies (including 20,000 uprisings), the PLA killed, wounded and captured 84,296 enemies, of which 61,873 were seriously wounded and 22,423 were killed, 513 officers and colonels of the Kuomintang Army were taken prisoner, 2 lieutenant generals, 32 major generals, 59 colonels, 123 lieutenant colonels, 288 majors, and 9 party and government officers.
Huaye's own casualties were not a few, totaling 26,991, including 23,610 wounded commander of the 13th Vertical and 37th Division, 25 regiment-level cadres, 193 battalion-level, 736 company-level, plus soldiers. Wang Jiwen, commander of the 8th Division, Xu Haishan, political commissar of the 37th Division, 2 regiment-level cadres, 28 battalion-level cadres, 115 company-level and soldiers, a total of 2,930 people were killed, and 386 people were missing.
Despite the fierce fighting and the heavy casualties, in the end, Huaye's army victoriously stormed the city of Jinan. Among them, Kunshunmen was successfully broken through by the 37th Regiment and the 111th Regiment of the 111th Division.
When the news of the liberation of Jinan reached Xibaipo, Chairman Mao said: "8 days, 100,000, this is a great victory." This was one of the most severe blows inflicted on the enemy in the revolutionary laws of war in more than two years. I believe that the Battle of Jinan has opened the prelude to our strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang. ”