The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement of Chinese modernization. At present, the imbalance between urban and rural development and the inadequate development of rural areas are still the concentrated manifestations of the main contradictions in mainland society. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development. To break the dual structure of urban and rural areas, solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity and development of urban and rural areas, it is fundamentally necessary to improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development, and explore the path of urban-rural integrated development that conforms to China's national conditions and reflects Chinese characteristics.
In recent years, the institutional innovation in the field of urban-rural integration development in mainland China has shown the characteristics of pillars and pillars and overall advancement, and has made important breakthroughs, which has profoundly changed the face of urban and rural development.
Improve development efficiency by improving the allocation of urban and rural factors. The concentrated manifestation of the dual structure of urban and rural areas in mainland China at the level of factor allocation is the unequal exchange relationship between urban and rural factors and the large outflow of production factors from rural areas, resulting in insufficient vitality and motivation for rural development. In recent years, the reform of the allocation of urban and rural factors is generally to promote the agglomeration of capital, technology, talents, management and other factors to the countryside and the flow of new agricultural industries and new forms of business by breaking down the institutional barriers that hinder the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, and to drive the transformation of the allocation structure and business organization mode of rural industrial factors, so as to achieve the purpose of transforming traditional agriculture, improving agricultural production efficiency and improving the level of rural industrial development.
Improve the well-being of residents by optimizing the allocation of urban and rural public resources. One of the most intuitive manifestations of the imbalance between urban and rural development in the mainland is the large gap between infrastructure and public services. To effectively narrow the gap between urban and rural infrastructure and public services, it is necessary to improve the pattern of unbalanced allocation of urban and rural public resources. In recent years, the reform in the field of urban and rural public resource allocation has focused on giving more priority to the construction of rural public infrastructure, and by continuously increasing the allocation of public resources to the "three rural" areas, we will continue to promote the extension of urban infrastructure to rural areas, and the in-depth coverage of urban public services to rural areas, so as to make up for the shortcomings of rural infrastructure and public services, and continuously narrow the gap between urban and rural residents' living standards.
Improve governance efficiency by promoting the integration of urban and rural governance. Since the reform and opening up, the dual division of urban and rural areas in the mainland has been gradually broken with the open flow of population and factors, but it has not been fundamentally eliminated, and it is incompatible with the requirements of urban and rural economic and social integration and development. In recent years, focusing on the reform of urban and rural governance, we have highlighted the construction of a spatial planning control system and a modern social governance system that integrates urban and rural areas, and promoted the integration of urban and rural spatial governance, social governance, and ecological governance. Among them, the in-depth application of the new generation of information technology in all aspects of urban and rural governance has changed the traditional governance path and improved the level of integration of urban and rural governance.
Of course, it should also be noted that to further promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas and accelerate the shaping of a new type of urban-rural relationship, there are still some blockages, mainly in the following aspects.
First, the integrity and synergy of the flow of urban and rural elements are not strong. Improving the efficiency of factor combination allocation is the fundamental way to achieve high-quality development. In practice, the mismatch between urban and rural population flow and land circulation is still relatively prominent, the obstacles that hinder the flow of factors to the countryside have not been completely removed, and the synergy of the flow of talents, capital, management and technology to the countryside is not strong, resulting in the overall efficiency of factor allocation is not high. On the basis of a certain breakthrough in the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, the reform at the level of production factors should be further promoted, and the focus should be on improving the overall synergy of factor flow and optimizing the efficiency of factor allocation.
Second, the allocation of urban and rural public resources is not efficient. By continuously promoting the priority allocation of public resources to agriculture and rural areas, the level of interconnection of urban and rural infrastructure and the co-construction and sharing of public services in the mainland has been significantly improved. However, in this process, there is also a mismatch between population and facilities (services), and rural infrastructure and public service facilities are idle in some areas, and the allocation efficiency of public resources is not high. At present, the form of urban and rural areas in the mainland is still changing, and to optimize the allocation of public resources, it is necessary to put efficiency in a more important position and avoid unnecessary waste. At the same time, we should strengthen the overall planning of rural infrastructure and public service layout, and improve the overall utilization efficiency.
Third, the level of coordinated development of urban and rural industries needs to be improved. The coordinated development of industries is an important foundation for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The coordinated development of urban and rural industries mainly relies on market mechanisms, so compared with the integrated development of other fields, its complexity and long-term characteristics are more prominent. In recent years, new technologies have created conditions for the cross-border and coordinated development of urban and rural elements and industries, and enhanced the interaction and complementarity of urban and rural industries, but the correlation effect and integration level of urban and rural industries are not high. It is necessary to further improve the coordinated development mechanism of urban and rural industries, and strive to promote the rational distribution and integrated development of industries between urban and rural areas.
Fourth, the long-term mechanism for farmers to continue to increase their incomes needs to be improved. In recent years, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents on the mainland has been declining, but the absolute income gap between urban and rural residents has not narrowed, and the challenge of maintaining sustained growth in rural residents' income is increasing. At the same time, the income gap between different groups in rural areas is also quite prominent, and the difference between the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the high-income group and the low-income group is large. It is necessary to further improve the long-term mechanism for increasing peasants' income, continue to broaden the channels for increasing peasants' income, promote the sustained growth of peasants' income, and effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas and between groups within rural areas.
To further promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to coordinate the new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, strive to break down institutional and institutional obstacles, break through the blocking points of urban-rural integrated development, and build a more mature and stereotyped urban-rural integrated development system and mechanism.
In terms of the flow of urban and rural factors, it is necessary to speed up the removal of institutional barriers that hinder the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, promote the construction of a unified factor market in urban and rural areas, and promote the reform of market-oriented allocation of rural factors according to the attributes of different factors, the differences in the degree of marketization and the needs of urban-rural integrated development, expand the scope of market-oriented allocation of rural factors, smooth the channels for the flow of urban and rural factors, enhance the integrity and synergy of the flow of urban and rural factors, and guide the agglomeration of production factors to new industries and new forms of business in the countryside.
In terms of the new urbanization system and mechanism, it is necessary to improve the mechanism for the urbanization of the rural migrant population, implement the system of providing basic public services through the registration of household registration in the place of permanent residence, and accelerate the urbanization of the agricultural migrant population. Optimize the spatial layout and form of urbanization, deepen the reform of urban construction, operation and governance systems, promote the construction of new cities, and improve the level of urban governance. Promote the urbanization construction with the county seat as an important carrier, take the lead in breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas in the county, and support the exploration of diversified models and paths for the integrated development of urban and rural areas at the county level.
In deepening the reform of the rural system, it is necessary to consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, develop a new type of rural collective economy, and promote the operation of agriculture on an appropriate scale. Improve the support system for strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and rich farmers, improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization, and improve the effectiveness of agricultural support and protection policies. Closely centering on the main line of properly handling the relationship between farmers and land, we will deepen the reform of the separation of ownership, contracting rights, and management rights of contracted land, and orderly promote the reform of rural collective management construction land entering the market. We will continue to broaden the channels for increasing farmers' income, and build a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income with the "trinity" of growth, security and balance.
In terms of the allocation of urban and rural public resources, adhere to the integrated design and promotion of urban and rural areas, further improve the mechanism for the allocation of urban and rural public resources, in accordance with the principle of improving efficiency and promoting fairness, coordinate the layout of urban and rural infrastructure and public services, reasonably determine the allocation of public infrastructure and basic public service standards, rationally allocate urban and rural education, medical care, pension, public culture and other resources, and continuously improve the completeness of urban and rural infrastructure and the convenience of public services, so that urban and rural residents can share modern civilization.