Abstract:New energy logistics vehicle refers to the use of unconventional vehicle fuel as the power source (or the use of conventional vehicle fuel, the use of new vehicle power unit), the integration of vehicle power control and drive of advanced technology, the formation of advanced technical principles, with new technology, new structure of the distribution logistics vehicle. In 2021, with the launch of the "dual carbon goal" and the implementation of the "National VI" emission standard, the national and local governments have continuously requested to accelerate the process of vehicle electrification in the field of public transportation, and new energy vehicle companies have continued to make efforts, and the sales of new energy logistics vehicles have exceeded 130,000 again, reaching 131,200 units. From January to April 2024, China's NEV vehicle sales increased by 94.2% y/y to 112,000 units.
1. Definitions and Classification
New energy logistics vehicle refers to the use of unconventional vehicle fuel as a power source (or the use of conventional vehicle fuel, the use of new vehicle power units), the integration of vehicle power control and drive of advanced technology, the formation of advanced technical principles, with new technology, new structure of the distribution logistics vehicle. New energy logistics vehicles can be classified according to the form of vehicles, which can be divided into trucks, light buses and micro-surface vehicles, and can be divided into pure electric logistics vehicles, fuel cell logistics vehicles, extended-range electric logistics vehicles and plug-in hybrid logistics vehicles according to the power type.
Second, industry policies
In recent years, in order to promote the development of the new energy logistics vehicle industry, the mainland has successively issued many policies. In September 2022, the General Office of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Ecological Civilization in Guangzhou", proposing to accelerate the application of new energy logistics vehicles, promote the electrification of logistics vehicles in the central urban area, and use new energy vehicles for all new or updated logistics vehicles with urban distribution certificates in the city. In February 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Construction of a Model Green Development City in Xiong'an New Area", proposing to promote the full electrification of vehicles in the public sector in Xiong'an New Area, and increase support for the application of new energy vehicles in the fields of public transportation, taxis, law enforcement, sanitation, logistics and distribution.
Third, the development process
At the beginning of the development of China's new energy logistics vehicle industry, it is inseparable from the guidance of government policies and the initial exploration of the market. In the early days, the Chinese government issued a number of policies to encourage the development and promotion of new energy vehicles, laying the foundation for the development of new energy logistics vehicles. At the same time, some far-sighted enterprises have begun to try to develop new energy logistics vehicles to explore their application prospects in the field of logistics.
From 2010 to 2015, with the continuous breakthrough of technology and the gradual maturity of the market, China's new energy logistics vehicle industry has entered the pilot demonstration stage. At this stage, the government has increased its support for new energy logistics vehicles, and promoted its wide application in the field of logistics through financial subsidies, tax incentives and other measures. At the same time, the company has also increased its efforts in technology research and development and market promotion, and has continuously launched new energy logistics vehicle products with better performance and more affordable prices. In addition, some innovative business models have also begun to emerge, such as time-sharing leasing and shared logistics, which have injected new vitality into the development of new energy logistics vehicles.
From 2015 to 2020, China's new energy logistics vehicle industry ushered in a stage of rapid expansion. With the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain and the explosive growth of market demand, the output and sales of new energy logistics vehicles have achieved leapfrog growth. At this stage, not only traditional car companies have increased investment, but also emerging technology companies have set foot in the field of new energy logistics vehicles, which has promoted the diversification of the competition pattern and the improvement of innovation vitality in the new energy logistics vehicle industry.
From 2020 to the present, with the increasing maturity of the new energy logistics vehicle market and the continuous progress of technology, the industry is facing new challenges in transformation and upgrading. At this stage, intelligence and networking have become an important trend in the development of new energy logistics vehicles. Equipped with advanced sensors, controllers and communication equipment, new energy logistics vehicles have realized functions such as intelligent navigation, autonomous driving, and remote monitoring, greatly improving logistics efficiency and operational safety. At the same time, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, new energy logistics vehicles are developing in a greener and low-carbon direction.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
At present, the batteries used in new energy logistics vehicles still have problems such as short mileage, long charging time, battery life and stability, and the progress of battery technology is an important factor to improve the market competitiveness of new energy logistics vehicles. At the same time, the speed and density of charging facilities are also the key to the promotion of new energy logistics vehicles, and there are certain barriers for new enterprises to enter the new energy logistics vehicle industry.
2. Cost barriers
The initial purchase cost of new energy logistics vehicles is still high compared with traditional fuel vehicles, which increases the operating costs of new energy logistics vehicle enterprises. In addition, the cost of maintenance, maintenance and battery replacement of new energy logistics vehicles is also high, which brings certain pressure to the operation of new energy logistics vehicle enterprises. Therefore, enterprises that have newly entered the new energy logistics vehicle industry face certain cost barriers.
3. Market acceptance barriers
As a new thing, new energy logistics vehicles lack in-depth understanding of their technical characteristics and operational benefits, resulting in low market acceptance. At the same time, the traditional logistics model has limited acceptance of new energy logistics vehicles, and new energy logistics vehicle enterprises need to transform and upgrade. Therefore, there are certain market acceptance barriers for enterprises that have newly entered the new energy logistics vehicle industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the new energy logistics vehicle industry chain is raw materials and core components, including cathode materials, anode materials, separators and electrolytes, and core components include motors, controllers, power batteries, sensors, etc. The middle stream of the industrial chain is the manufacturing of new energy logistics vehicles, including design and manufacturing. The downstream of the industrial chain is the application scenario of new energy logistics vehicles, including logistics fields, engineering construction, special operations and other fields.
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