Many people will have a beautiful misunderstanding, and mistakenly regard "Tianjing Sand· Autumn Thoughts" of "withered vines and old trees and crows" as poetry. In fact, this is a small order created by Ma Zhiyuan, one of the four masters of Yuanqu. For a long time, we have been fascinated by poetry, but we don't know that Yuanqu is really simple and natural, and it is also very lovely! If Tang poems and Song lyrics are love at first sight, then Yuan Qu is too late to see each other!
What is Yuan Qu丨 Yuan Qu, the essence of Yuan Dynasty literature, is a three-legged literary style with Tang poetry and Song poetry, including two categories: miscellaneous drama and loose song. Miscellaneous opera is an opera, which is used for stage performances. Sanqu is a kind of poetry, which is only for coral chanting. In terms of idiomatic usage, Yuan Sanqu is also mostly referred to as "Yuan Song".
The authors of Yuanqu and Tang poems and Song lyrics mostly belong to scholars and are the mainstream of society, while the authors of Yuanqu have fallen to the bottom. The blows suffered by Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty were unprecedentedly cruel. Scholars who are full of wealth but have a bleak future may either see through the world and be negative, or sing about hidden feelings, or indulge in the prodigal son's romance, or satirize the injustices of the spicy and spicy irony. These types of themes are the most common in Yuanqu. The four masters of Yuanqu are Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu, and Bai Pu.
What is a loose song丨Loose song, to put it bluntly, it was a slang song in the market at that time. Sanqu is divided into two types: small reams and sets. Xiaoling is a single piece of music with a short length, and the number of sets is also known as a set of songs, large orders, etc., which are composed of several pieces of the same palace tune in order.
Loose songs and lyrics丨Mingren Wang Shizhen said: "The composer, the change of words. Since Jin and Yuan entered China, the Hu music used was noisy and tight, and between the urgency, the words could not be pressed, but more new to flatter. "Compared with poetry, music has more flexibility in what you want to say or how you want to say it. Yuanqu can increase the lining words, and the position and number of words of the lining words are more arbitrary. For example, "I am a copper pea", and the addition of the lining becomes "I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, cooked, beaten or flattened, fried or exploded, and ringing a copper pea" (Guan Hanqing).
Yuanqu character丨Wang Guowei said: "What is the good thing about Yuanqu? In a word, naturally, too. The so-called nature refers to the fact that Yuanqu can truly express what the author sees and thinks, from which we can see the "situation of the times" and appreciate the purpose of it. Huang Zhouxing of the Qing Dynasty said: "There is no other wonder of ququ, but the three words are exhausted, and it is just 'touching'." "Who is human?" It is also said to be full of fun and vibrant. That's the song! There is a true temperament in the song, and there is an undisguised soul.
Yuanqu · true temperament
It has been said that
If you compare Tang poems, Song Ci, and Yuan Qu to three friends,
Tang poetry is high, Song poetry is elegant, all are lovely,
But the one who is most willing to intersect is Yuan Qu, a man with a temperament.
He was dissolute all his life and loved freedom,
Walking the rivers and lakes is all based on a true temperament,
If you see through it, you can say it, it's so simple and cute.
Choose some good songs,
Take you to see the interesting souls of more than 700 years ago!
01
When he introduced himself—
[Main Palace] Green is all over the · self-report
Georgie
Do not occupy the leading selection, do not enter the famous and virtuous legend. Always wine saint, poetry and Zen everywhere. The champion of the smoke and haze, the drunken immortals of the rivers and lakes. Laughter is the Editorial Academy. Stay in the company, criticize the wind and wipe the moon for forty years.
02
When he was so poor that he laughed at himself—
[Double tone] Toad Palace Song · Farewell
Zhou Deqing
Leaning on the canopy window and being speechless, there are no seven pieces, what kind of family? The firewood is like Ganoderma lucidum, the oil is like nectar, and the rice is like dansha. The sauce urn just dreamed, and the salt shaker was exhausted. There is not much tea either. There is not much vinegar, and the seven things are still difficult, how can I teach me to fold willows and climb flowers?
03
When he complained sharply-
[Business Survey] Wuyeer · greed
John doe
Thousands of plans in one night, a hundred years of eternal hearts, the fire courtyard has a deep sea. His head rested on Liancheng jade, and his feet were covered with gold. One day death comes, ask the greedy man who can replace you?
[Zhenggong] nagging Ling · Taoism
Deng Yubin
An empty skin bag is wrapped in a thousand heavy qi, and a dry skull is wearing a very sinful top. Do your best for your children, and do your best for your furniture. What do you save? What do you save? Who knows this immortal truth?
Note: 省 (xǐng) 的也mo 哥: Got it. Brother Yemo: Common mood particles in Yuan songs have no real meaning.
04
When he talks about love in one breath -
[Yue Tune] the sky is pure and the sand · is a thing
Georgie
Warbler Yan Yan Chunchun, flowers and willows are true, everything is charming, delicate and tender, stop and be everyone.
Note: Stop, that is, appropriate, appropriate, and there is nothing bad to describe the beauty.
05
When he misses someone—
[Double tone] Toad Palace Song · Spring Love
Xu Zaisi
If you don't fall asick in your life, you will be lovesick, and you will be lovesick. The body is like a floating cloud, the heart is like a flying flocculent, and the air is like a gossamer. A wisp of fragrance is here, looking forward to the daughter of the wanderer. When did the signs come? When the light is half dim, when the moon is half bright.
[Double Tone] Pan Fei Song
Shang Ting
With the moon and the stars, he was frightened, and stood under the screen window for a long time. Waiting for him, I can hear the door outside the door. The road is an enemy, and it turns out that the wind is moving.
06
When he refuses to be ambiguous and straightens up—
[Xianlu] drunk and returned
Lu Zhian
Intentional with the same achievement, no intention to rest everyone. A few degrees of lovesickness and a few times of sorrow, the wind and the moon are far away. If you are willing, stop when you are not, and stop dragging people empty.
07
When he truly loves someone—
[Nanlu] Four pieces of jade · style
Lan Chufang
I do everything in the village, he is so ugly, ugly is ugly, and the village is like-minded. is because he is ugly and true, and he has won the affection of my village. Such ugly dependents, village spouses, except for the heavens.
Note: Village, that is, "stupid".
08
When he rejoices in nature—
[Double tone] The geese fall and triumph make · retreat
Zhang Yanghao
Yunlai Mountain is better, Yungo Mountain is picturesque, the mountain is bright because of the clouds, and the clouds are high and low. Relying on Liyunsha, look back and see the mountain family. Wild deer sleep on mountain grass, mountain ape play wildflowers. Yunxia, I love the mountains pricelessly. Look at the time of walking, Yunshan also loves us.
09
When he was sentimental about history—
[Zhonglu] Selling flowers · nostalgia
Zhang Kejiu
The beauty slaughtered herself on the bank of the Wujiang River, the war had burned Chibi Mountain, and the general was empty of the old Yumen Pass. Sad Qin and Han, the people are miserable, and the reader sighs!
10
When he felt sorry for the people of Limin-
[Zhonglu] Mountain slope sheep · Tong care for the ancient
Zhang Yanghao
The peaks are like gathering, and the waves are like fury. Mountains and rivers surface Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, he hesitated. Sad, the Qin and Han dynasties, the palace and thousands of rooms have been made of soil. Xing, the people are bitter! Death, the people suffer!
11
When he pours you "chicken soup for the soul" -
[Zhonglu] hillside sheep
Chen Cao'an
Rest and be idle, rest unjust, and retire with lifelong filial piety. Go to him to suspect, I am wrong, I have the power of being an official, and my family is not arrogant and poor. Heaven is also with you; Man, too, obey you.
Although the life is old, the food and clothing are sufficient, and the people have to find their own survival. One body is worried, one heart is worried, the body and mind are always in the hands of others, if the way of heaven can be followed. body, also free; The heart is also free.
Note: Filial piety, filial piety to parents, respect for brothers. I'm wrong, I admit my mistake. Mediocre, tiny, refers to ordinary people. 人彀 (gòu) is a metaphor for falling into the trap of others.
12
When he saw through the red dust-
[Double tone] Qingjiang citation
Penetrating marble
Abandon the micro name and come to the heart! Outside the white clouds with a smile. There are three or five bosom friends, what's the hindrance to drinking? The drunken robe sleeve dance is too narrow.
[Nanlu] Four pieces of jade, · leisure
Kwan Hanqing
The old wine is thrown, the new is spilled, and the old tile pot is smiling. Gongshan monk Ye Su idle chanting and. He produces a pair of chickens, and I produce a goose, idle and happy.
The horse is collected, and the heart is locked. Jumping out of the red dust and evil turmoil, who was shocked by Huaiyin's noon dream. Leave the famous field, get into the comfort nest, idle and happy.
The south acres are cultivated, the east mountains are lying, and there are many experiences in the world. I've thought about the past. He is the one who is virtuous, and I am the one who is stupid, what are you fighting for!
13
When he was free and easy—
[Double tone] The geese have fallen through the victory order
John doe
Year after year, day after day, autumn after autumn, generation after generation. A reunion and a parting, a joy and a sadness. A bed and a bed, a lifetime of dreams. Looking for a group of acquaintances, he will be with us for a while. They all know each other well, and they will sing it once they blow it.
Source: WeChat public account "Reading Commune"
Editors: Pan Qian, Yang Min (intern)
[Disclaimer: This number is the official public welfare account of "National Reading Promotion", and this article is reprinted for the purpose of conveying more information. If there is a source label error or other inaccuracies, please contact us. We will correct it in a timely manner. Thank you]