His real surname was Ma, and when he was young and studying in the village, his husband saw that he was of good character, so he named him: "Shangde", and since then he has his own big name: Ma Shangde. Although the name "Shangde" is good, what really makes people remember him is because of another name: Yang Jingyu.
The name Yang Jingyu was changed by him for work needs, and no one in his family knew it. So much so that after the founding of New China, for a long time, his biological daughter Ma Jinyun, including his entire Ma family, did not know that the famous national hero Yang Jingyu was their closest relative.
"Two lands, a cow, a wife and children hot kang"
In the rural areas of northern China, most people have heard this sentence, and this kind of life in the war years of the Republic of China can be regarded as a "well-off life".
On February 13, 1905, Yang Jingyu was born in such a "well-off family" in Liwan Village, Queshan County.
The family has 20 acres of fertile land, and rents 10 acres of the landlord's house, two cattle, several thatched houses, parents work hard, Yang Jingyu and his sister are also sensible and filial, and the family of four is also happy. It's just that when Yang Jingyu was five years old, his father died suddenly, and the pain of losing his father at an early age caused a heavy blow to Yang Jingyu, but fortunately, his family background was quite solid, and with the help of his uncle, Yang Jingyu fortunately did not interrupt his studies.
From this point of view, Yang Jingyu's original family attaches great importance to the education of children.
Yang Jingyu is also very competitive, he is already smart and clever, and he is very diligent and studious, from private school to county high school, and then to the provincial industrial school, his grades have been very good. And what he did was the same as his original name, full of virtue, and the most important thing is that Yang Jingyu at this time was slowly affected by the wave of new ideas, and had the spirit of resistance to carry out revolution!
Wang Ba is a rich junior? If the rules are wrong, change it!
In that era of exploitation and oppression, it was normal for children from poor families to be bullied. There are many rich and powerful families in the county high school, but they dare not bully the tall and strong Yang Jingyu.
Yang Jingyu felt that he couldn't be bullied, and the children of other poor families couldn't be bullied either! There was a "Young Master Sun" in them, who once beat a poor boy and used other people as horses to ride in public.
After Yang Jingyu heard about it, he immediately found this "Young Master Sun", beat this "Little Young Master" without saying anything, and was stunned that he didn't dare to say anything to the outside world.
Another time, because Yang Jingyu's family also rented 10 acres of land from the landlord's family, when it was time for the Mid-Autumn Festival, his uncle asked him to send the mooncakes he had just bought to the landlord's family. However, Yang Jingyu didn't want to go, so his uncle told him that this was a rule passed down from his ancestors.
Yang Jingyu continued: "We rented his family's land, and we never owe him rent, why do we have to give him more gifts?" The rules are dead, and if they are unreasonable, we have to change them. ”
The young Yang Jingyu has already shown the spirit of resistance against ordinary people, and "oppression" will not work for him.
Student movement: Threatens to remove the principal
He is a Lord who is not afraid of heaven and earth, and has no fear for the faith in his heart.
When he was in the Provincial Industrial School, he had become a student representative, and during the "May Day Movement", Yang Jingyu constantly organized students to raise donations and give speeches on the streets, and advocated a boycott of British and Japanese goods.
In this action, Yang Jingyu directly did not even give the county magistrate face, searched a certain merchant who colluded with the county magistrate, and seized and confiscated many Japanese goods. Later, the county magistrate found the principal and asked the principal to punish Yang Jingyu, and Yang Jingyu took the initiative to find the principal and said to him: "National righteousness, dignity first", but your dignified principal succumbed to power and even stopped our patriotic movement, don't you know shame!?
The principal was also angry at this time, and threatened to expel Yang Jingyu and others directly. And Yang Jingyu replied directly to him: "If you dare to do this, I dare to call on all aspiring students to strike and call for the removal of you, the incompetent principal!" ”
The peasant movement: the establishment of a revolutionary regime
In the autumn of 1926, Yang Jingyu graduated from the industrial school, was subsequently elected chairman of the executive committee of the peasant association, and returned to his hometown of Queshan to organize the peasant movement according to the instructions of his superiors.
In the past two years, Yang Jingyu has established his prestige in the peasant class, he led tens of thousands of peasants to launch a rebellion in Queshan, captured the county magistrate alive through two days and nights of fierce fighting, and completely controlled the entire county seat, which also became the first revolutionary regime in Henan Province!
Later, under the leadership of Yang Jingyu, the Peasant Revolutionary Army vigorously launched an agrarian revolution and established a revolutionary base area.
"Shandong Zhang": Liu Shaoqi's "right-hand man"
In August 1929, Yang Jingyu was sent to Fushun by Liu Shaoqi under the pseudonym "Zhang Guanyi", and became a miner in an open-pit coal mine, where he wanted to fight a battle...
Yang Jingyu is eating spoiled and moldy nests here, sleeping in the dark and damp mines, and doing the dirtiest and most tiring work. He witnessed his co-workers starving to death or being beaten to death every day, and some of them died in mining accidents, and he deeply felt the despair of everyone in the face of oppression.
However, whenever he wanted to talk to the miners, they looked at him with suspicion, and everyone could not figure out the details of him, and they all thought that Yang Jingyu was a spy of the Japanese or the capitalists. Yang Jingyu wanted to get close to them, but everyone avoided him, but Yang Jingyu was happy, because this showed that the workers were still very alert.
Until one day, an old miner in the mine accidentally fell, because he had no money to go to the hospital to see a doctor, the old man asked the foreman to borrow money. I didn't think that the old miner didn't borrow the money, but let the foreman beat him, saying that he deliberately sabotaged his work and wanted to fire him.
After Yang Jingyu knew about this, he immediately rushed to the old man's home. The old man didn't say anything after seeing Yang Jingyu, just looked at him silently. Yang Jingyu knew that he still didn't trust himself enough, so he didn't say anything, just put the only two oceans on his body on the table, turned around and was about to leave.
Without waiting for Yang Jingyu to leave, the old man grabbed him with tears in his eyes and said excitedly: "I have seen clearly, you are not a bad person!" ”
Yang Jingyu's heart finally had a hint of relief, and after such a long period of hard work, everyone finally accepted him. The old man told Yang Jingyu about the local situation, as well as the conditions of many other mines, most of which were also deeply exploited by imperialism. From this time on, when the miners saw Yang Jingyu, they warmly called him "Shandong Zhang", because when he first came, he told everyone that he was from Shandong.
Finally, after some time, the mine owners resorted to further squeezing the miners: laying off workers, and working longer hours while cutting wages.
The mine owner is Japan, and his actions have made the miners extremely angry. Anger is anger, but they don't know how to resist, so everyone thinks of Yang Jingyu.
Strike, we won't give them to do it, as long as we workers unite, we can choke the neck of the Japanese!
Yang Jingyu said to everyone, and quickly organized personnel to take action! Yang Jingyu took a few people to negotiate with the Japan first, cancel the layoffs and raise wages, and not be able to work overtime.
The Japanese were very tough at first, but they only hardened for three days, and on the fourth day, they couldn't hold on, and all agreed to Yang Jingyu's request.
It was from that time that the workers' movement in Fushun began to grow, and the fame of "Shandong Zhang" became more and more famous.
Crusade
At the end of 1936, Yang Jingyu commanded two divisions to start the western expedition, and in the battle of Motianling, Yang Jingyu led his troops to annihilate more than 400 Japanese troops, and later he used the strategy of luring the enemy into the depths to annihilate more than 300 puppet Manchurian troops. At this time, Yang Jingyu has become the primary target of the Kwantung Army's "extermination", and the anti-United Nations team is regarded by them as a thorn in the flesh!
"At that time, there was no shortage of food in the mountains, and the food sent by the people gave us a basic living guarantee; Especially during the Chinese New Year, some people carried half of the pig's head, which was frozen hard, and the soldiers sawed it with a saw, and then distributed it to various units; There are also ordinary people who give cigarettes, and they take several cigarettes at once, and each of us can get a box. ”
——Memories of veterans of the Anti-Japanese Federation
In order to "crusade, encircle and suppress" the anti-coalition forces, the Japanese puppet army adopted a series of measures to find ways to cut off the contact between the common people and the team.
In 1938, the Japanese puppet force forced the people living in the activity area of the anti-union team to move out, so the anti-union team led by Yang Jingyu became more and more difficult, and the surrounding area became a wilderness and no one was even seen, let alone looking for food. As a result, Yang Jingyu led the team to set up places for wintering in the wild, as a way to ensure supplies and serve as a liaison fulcrum, these places are called: secret camps.
Artemisia Lake Secret Camp, this is Yang Jingyu's most commonly used secret camp, the location is very hidden, and the terrain is extremely complex, it is an excellent place to live. The Japanese army had racked their brains to find and destroy these secret camps, but they were unsuccessful until one man appeared......
The beginning of the dilemma
Cheng Bin was the most trusted general under Yang Jingyu, the commander of any division at the time, and was nicknamed "Little Yang Jingyu". However, it was this person Yang Jingyu trusted the most who suddenly rebelled.
Cheng Bin's mother was captured by the Japanese army, and the Japanese army threatened Cheng Bin's mother's life to force her to surrender. In July 1938, Cheng Bin led more than 100 people to defect to the Japanese army. The head of the puppet Tonghua Provincial Police Department, Ryuichiro Kishitani, held a grand welcome ceremony for him, and gave Cheng Bin a war knife in public, hoping that he could use this battle to "exterminate" the anti-United Nations team.
According to the records in the historical archives of the Kwantung Army, after Cheng Bin surrendered to the Japanese army, the first thing he did was: "exterminate" all the secret camps in Mengjiang County!
Overnight, more than 70 secret camps were destroyed by the puppet army led by Cheng Bin, and all food, medicine, and other armament supplies were plundered, and the troops led by Yang Jingyu fell into a desperate situation.
However, what is unexpected is that Cheng Bin's surrender is just the beginning......
The betrayal of "loved ones".
Hard struggles breed not only heroes, but also traitors!
Ding Shoulong was a staff officer of Yang Jingyu's guard brigade, and on January 21, 1940, he was accidentally arrested by the puppet Tonghua Provincial Police Brigade.
At the same time, he also confessed to the hidden secret camp of Yang Jingyu's department.
On February 1, Yang Jingyu's guard platoon commander Zhang Xiufeng also took refuge in the enemy, and what makes people sad and indignant is that Zhang Xiufeng is not only a soldier under Yang Jingyu, he is also Yang Jingyu's "son"!
"You don't have a father and mother and you're an orphan, and I don't have children, so you're like my own son."
Yang Jingyu once told Zhang Xiufeng this heartfelt, and taught him to read and write. He didn't expect that a child who was regarded as a relative betrayed himself and stood on the camp of the invaders, compared with the rebellion of the first two, Zhang Xiufeng's betrayal made Yang Jingyu more sad.
Death of the general
On February 15, the Japanese army, through the joint planning of the three betrayers, led the troops to surround Yang Jingyu's hideout.
Yang Jingyu deliberately shouted loudly for the Japanese army to send a person to negotiate, at this time there was a Japan officer named Ito in the police brigade led by Cheng Bin stood up, Yang Jingyu seized the opportunity to shoot immediately, Ito was shot and fell to the ground, Yang Jingyu said that this opportunity broke through, at this time Yang Jingyu was left with only 2 guards.
Unfortunately, on 18 February, two guards were arrested and killed while going down the mountain to buy food.
The Japanese intensified their search, and finally on February 23 they surrounded General Yang Jingyu again. However, at this time, General Yang Jingyu had not eaten water and rice for five days and nights, and his feet were not only severely frozen, but also suffered from a severe cold.
He looked around, and there was no soldier of his own except for the trees! Yang Jingyu took out two Colt pistols and a barge gun, as well as the only 230 rounds of ammunition left, and then looked at the hiding place of the Japanese right flank 30 meters ahead, his eyes were unusually firm......
"Is Jun Commander Yang?"
"Yes, I am Commander Yang."
"We are the police force of Tonghua. In our troops, Cheng (Cheng Bin) and Cui (Cui Guanfeng), who were once comrades of Junzhi, both served as commanders of the police force. Staff Officer An (referring to An Guangxun, the former chief of staff of the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, who was the squad leader of the political work squad under the headquarters of the Tonghua Police Department's crusade team at this time) also worked at the headquarters. If you can return to obedience, the head of the Kishiya Department will be eager to welcome you. Now in this place, it is impossible to escape, so why rush to die? Would it be good to consider submission? ”
"I cherish my life, but it can't be as you wish. Many of my subordinates have died, and now I am left alone. Although we are in trouble, our comrades are fighting everywhere, and the day of the demise of imperialism will come. I will resist to the end, needless to say, shoot! ”
——The above dialogue is from the internal archives of the puppet Tonghua Province against the joint operation: "Dongbian Province Public Security and Correction Work"
After General Yang Jingyu finished speaking, he began to shoot wildly at the enemy with two pistols, and the enemy immediately began to meet him......
I don't know which evil hand shot a fatal bullet that ruthlessly pierced General Yang Jingyu's chest. At the last moment of his life, General Yang Jingyu still held the gun in both hands and pointed the muzzle of the gun at those evil enemies!
Still, he fell, on the land he had fought and loved so much......
Postscript: General Yang Jingyu fought all his life for the revolution, and his life was arduous, but also brilliant. In the bloody battle with the Japanese invaders, General Yang Jingyu made great achievements in the War of Resistance against Japan. He once used grassroots roots to satisfy hunger, dew to quench thirst, until the last breath of the fight, that kind of heroism, set up an eternal monument in the history of China's modern national independence.