This year's continental climate is off the charts
Heavy rainfall has many processes and lasts for a long time
River floods occur early and develop rapidly
Some places have been hit by heavy rainfall repeatedly
The situation of flood control and flood control is grim and complicated
At present, we are in the critical period of flood control
Part of the embankment has been immersed in high water for a long time
The soil has low shear and slip resistance
Danger is highly susceptible
The task of patrolling the embankment and checking the danger is very arduous
so
What are the common dangers?
How to check the danger of patrolling the embankment
Here's the answer
↓↓↓
The more common dangers and the principle of emergency protection
Water seepage, pipe surge, loopholes, cracks, landslides, nests, bank collapses, wind and waves, overflow, etc
Seepage
When the water level rises, the seepage at the foot of the embankment increases and there is muddy water seepage, or a large area of scattered leaching, softness and bulging occurs on the back water surface, which is water seepage. Water seepage may occur when the embankment is sandwiched with a layer of sand, the embankment is not solid, and there are snake and rat holes, termite holes, rotten tree roots, waste culverts, hard soil blocks, masonry and other debris in the embankment.
Principle of rush protection: front block back row
Pipe surge
The so-called pipe gushing is when water flows through pores or cracks in the soil, forming a pipe-like water flow channel, causing soil particles to be carried away and cavities formed. When the cavity widens to a certain extent, the levee collapses, forming a burst.
The principle of emergency protection: reverse filtration and infiltration, control water inflow, and leave a way out for seepage
leak
If the water seepage, pipe gushing or flowing soil danger is not rescued in time, and the seepage is concentrated due to the continued development, a large amount of soil is lost, and the seepage channel that penetrates the embankment or penetrates the foundation is gradually formed, which is called a loophole. According to the turbidity of the effluent, it can be divided into clear water and muddy water holes, among which the leakage with sand and muddy water is the most dangerous.
The principle of rush protection: front blocking and rear guidance, and back at the same time
fissure
Cracks are extremely common in river embankments and reservoir dams, affecting the integrity and stability of the project. When the crack strikes roughly perpendicular to the embankment line, it is called a transverse fracture; When it is roughly parallel to the embankment line or arc-shaped, it is called a longitudinal crack.
Principle of emergency protection: cut off the water source, excavation and backfill
landslide
Landslide refers to the phenomenon that the embankment or embankment foundation soil slides along the weak structural plane, the upper part of the sliding surface is arc-shaped, and the lower part of the soil is pushed out and uplifted. In the flood season, under the action of high water level, the soil of the backwater slope of the dam loses its stability due to the sliding force exceeding the anti-sliding force, and it is prone to landslide danger.
The principle of emergency protection: the upper part of the slope is cut and the load is reduced, and the lower part is fixed to prevent the slip
Fall nest
Falling nest is a dangerous situation formed by sudden local subsidence near the top of the embankment, the slope of the embankment and the foot of the embankment under the action of high water level. This kind of danger destroys the stability of the embankment, and sometimes it is accompanied by water seepage, loopholes and other dangers, which endangers the safety of the embankment.
The principle of emergency protection: analyze the cause and return the soil to fill
Shore collapse
Bank collapse refers to the dangerous situation that occurs on the waterfront slope, and the water flow washes over the foot of the embankment, causing the embankment to become unstable and collapse. The collapsed soil is in strips, with a long length and a small width, which is called a strip collapse; The collapsed soil is in the form of an arc-shaped ladder, with a small length and a large width, which is called a nest collapse. If the bank collapse is not rescued in time, there is a danger of bursting the embankment.
The principle of rush protection: protect the foot and solidify the foundation, slow slip and prevent rushing
Waves
When the water level is high, the wind and waves are high. In the weather when the reservoir or river channel encounters high water level and high water surface, the wind and waves will continuously impact the dam slope protection or river bank. In the light case, the embankment surface is partially missing or the reservoir dam is damaged, and the serious one causes major dangers such as embankment collapse, landslide, overflow, etc., causing serious damage to the project and causing it to collapse and become a disaster.
The principle of emergency protection: eliminate waves and prevent erosion, and protect the embankment
Overflow
Overflow refers to the phenomenon that when the flood control standard of the embankment is too low, or the water level in the river rises sharply and exceeds the elevation of the embankment crest, resulting in the flood overflowing the top of the embankment, this danger is very easy to cause the embankment to burst.
The principle of emergency protection: take local materials and raise the embankment
What are the requirements for patrolling the embankment?
1
Four musts
●We must adhere to unified leadership and be responsible for each section.
●It is necessary to insist on dragnet inspection without omission.
●24-hour uninterrupted patrol must be achieved.
●Weeds and shrubs that affect the inspection at the embankment and foot of the embankment must be cleared.
2
Five key periods
At dawn, during meals, during shift changes, at night, and during storms, they are all time nodes that are prone to laxity, and must be seamlessly connected to eliminate gaps and focus on them.
3
Focus on the "five parts"
Backwater slope, dangerous section, sand-based embankment section, embankment building, depression pond behind embankment.
4
Five
●Eye-to-eye. Closely observe whether there are cracks, collapses, collapses, waves, slopes, dampness, water seepage, loopholes, sand and water at the top of the embankment, the slope and the foot of the embankment, as well as whether there are small whirlpools and changes in the flow potential on the water surface near the embankment.
●Hand to. Probe and inspect with your hands. Especially if there are weeds or obstacles on the embankment, you should check them out.
●Ear to. Listen to the sound of the water to see if there is any abnormality, and judge whether there are loopholes in the embankment and whether the beach slope has collapsed.
●Foot to. Probe with your feet. Look at whether the soil layer is soft and whether the water temperature is cool, especially the underwater part to explore barefoot.
●The tool arrives. Patrol the embankment should carry shovels, wooden sticks, and water exploration rods.
5
Three should
●If a dangerous situation is found, it should be dealt with in a timely manner, and the general danger should be eliminated at any time, and the major danger should be organized and handled professionally, leaving no future troubles, and the situation should be clarified when the danger is reported.
●Records of inspections should be made, obvious marks should be made for the places in danger, and special personnel should be arranged to watch and observe.
● The flood control command organization shall organize technical personnel to organize a review of the place where the danger occurred and properly handle it.