CCTV Beijing, July 29 (Reporter Wang Chi) Beautiful countryside is an important part of beautiful China. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with various regions and departments, has focused on key practical matters with strong needs of farmers at this stage, and deeply promoted the governance of rural environmental conditions such as domestic sewage, black and odorous water bodies, toilet feces, and domestic waste.
The reporter learned from the press conference held by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on July 29 that up to now, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has completed the environmental improvement of 67,000 administrative villages across the country, the rural domestic sewage treatment (control) rate has reached more than 45%, the rural black and odorous water treatment has completed more than 80% of the "14th Five-Year Plan" planning tasks, the penetration rate of sanitary toilets has reached about 75%, the proportion of domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal system covering natural villages has exceeded 90%, the rural ecological environment has been significantly improved, and the level of agricultural green development has been significantly improved.
In Huzhou, Zhejiang, the "Ten Million Project" has drawn a new picture of the beautiful countryside
The cross-flow of sewage in rural areas has been greatly reduced
Rural domestic sewage treatment is an important part of rural environmental improvement and an important measure of rural revitalization strategy. At the end of last year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment", and as of June this year, the national rural domestic sewage treatment (control) rate reached more than 45%, and the cross-flow of rural sewage has been greatly reduced.
Zhao Shixin, director of the Department of Soil Ecology and Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that in the process of rural domestic sewage treatment, we should adhere to classified policies, highlight key points, and not engage in "swarming". Work with relevant departments to study and issue actionable and easy-to-implement policy guidelines and standards, and do not copy "urban experience". Guide all localities to screen and establish governance models and technical processes suitable for the characteristics of their regions. Organize more than 2,700 agriculture-related counties across the country to formulate special plans (programs) for rural domestic sewage treatment, establish an annual list of key villages for treatment and dynamically update them, and focus on the treatment of key villages with concentrated population, strong public reaction, prominent pollution problems, and sensitive ecological environment.
At the same time, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly guide provincial and municipal departments to establish a normalized survey mechanism to consolidate the effectiveness of governance. "At the beginning of this year, among the administrative villages that will complete environmental remediation in 2023, we randomly selected 963 villages covering various provinces to carry out research and evaluation, with a pass rate of more than 90%." Zhao Shixin said.
Various localities have actively explored many experiences and practices that are pragmatic, effective, and in line with local realities. For example, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, encourages the adoption of "hierarchical resource utilization" in combination with farmers' production and living habits, so as to realize the resource utilization of rural domestic sewage in the nearest place. The first layer of "self-use": through the courtyard economy of every household, the implementation of sewage recycling; The second layer of "for everyone": the inexhaustible sewage for "self-use" is used to irrigate agricultural land such as surrounding woodland; The third layer is "standby": the sewage that cannot be used up at one time is stored for later use.
Zhao Shixin emphasized that there are great differences in the natural endowments between the north and south of the mainland and between the east and west, the production and living habits of rural residents are different, the amount of rural domestic sewage is large and wide, and it is difficult to consolidate the effectiveness of governance, so it is necessary to treat scientifically and continue to make efforts. In the next step, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will do a good job in the implementation of the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage", promote the selection of treatment models and technical processes according to local conditions, and promote the management and treatment of rural domestic sewage in stages, so as to continuously consolidate and improve the effectiveness of governance.
Mengshan, Guangxi, promotes the management and restoration of river and lake water resources
The former "stinky ditch" has become a "clear water and green bank" around the people
Beautiful or not, hometown water. With the improvement of living standards, the people's expectations for the rural water environment are also getting higher and higher. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in conjunction with relevant departments, will focus on the rivers, ponds and ditches in front of and behind the houses and the black and odorous water bodies in rural areas where the masses have strong reactions, and continue to promote source management, systematic management, and comprehensive treatment, so that the former "stinky water ditches" will become "clear water and green banks" around the people.
Zhao Shixin introduced that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment organized various localities to carry out dynamic investigation of rural black and odorous water bodies, including more than 4,000 water bodies with large areas and strong public reactions, into the national supervision list, and the remaining nearly 10,000 water bodies into the provincial supervision list. In conjunction with the Ministry of Finance, we will carry out pilot projects for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas from 2022, and have successively selected 39 cities to treat more than 2,000 black and odorous water bodies. By the end of June 2024, more than 3,400 black and odorous water bodies in large rural areas have been treated across the country, reaching more than 80% of the goals and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Some regions have innovated in governance models and management mechanisms, and have formed some good experiences and good practices. For example, Zhoukou, Henan Province has created a "fishery and photovoltaic complementation" model, and Fengtang Village, Huaiyang District, has introduced a social investment of 1.5 million yuan to treat the pit pond, and built photovoltaic power generation panels on the treated pit pond, with an annual power generation of 1.5 million kWh and an annual income of about 550,000 yuan; Mobilize villagers to use pits and ponds to breed fish and shrimp, forming a new industrial model of "generating electricity at the top and raising fish at the bottom", and turning the "sewage pit" into an "ecological pond" and "economic pond". In Jining, Shandong Province, taking into account the flood control and irrigation of farmland, Qinglongzhuang Village, Surabaya County, treats about 4,300 square meters of black and odorous pit ponds, which can store more than 12,000 cubic meters of rainwater during the flood season and provide more than 9,000 cubic meters of irrigation water for the surrounding farmland.
In Wuhu, Anhui Province, farmers rushed to harvest and grab seeds
The content of heavy metals in key soil risk monitoring points showed a downward trend as a whole
Cultivated land is the carrier of agricultural product production, and the prevention and control of cultivated land soil pollution is directly related to national food security and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Zhao Shixin introduced that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments, will further promote the protection of the ecological environment of cultivated land and soil from the five aspects of "governance, use, maintenance, research and cooperation", and effectively ensure that the people "can eat at ease".
In terms of "governance", we should pay close attention to the source of governance and effectively prevent risks. Make full use of data such as the detailed survey of the soil pollution status of agricultural land and the national soil environmental monitoring, to advance the investigation of the causes of heavy metal pollution in county-level administrative districts where polluted farmland is concentrated, and determine the list of pollution sources for treatment. Implement the prevention and control of soil cadmium and other heavy metal pollution sources, strictly supervise the discharge of heavy metals, demarcate more than 210 areas in 23 provinces, implement special pollutant emission limits, complete the remediation of more than 2,300 cadmium and other heavy metal industry enterprises, and support the local implementation of more than 400 soil pollution source prevention and control projects. The content of heavy metals in key soil risk monitoring points showed a downward trend as a whole.
In terms of "use", we will promote classified management to ensure safe use. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has guided the classification of cultivated land soil environmental quality, implemented priority protection, safe use, strict control and classified management, and "adapted land for planting", and guided local governments to implement measures such as variety substitution, water and fertilizer regulation and control, and planting structure adjustment, so that the safe utilization rate of polluted cultivated land has been steadily improved across the country.
In terms of "nourishment", focus on key areas to promote soil health. Cooperate with relevant departments to guide local governments to implement land use and land conservation measures in priority protected cultivated land, promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and curb the trend of soil degradation. For the black soil, the "giant panda in cultivated land", we have established a comprehensive laboratory for the ecological and environmental protection of the black soil with Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group, strengthened comprehensive monitoring and sustainable use research, and promoted the improvement of soil organic matter content and biodiversity.
In terms of "research", we will strengthen scientific and technological research and improve support capabilities. A number of ministry-level key laboratories have been established for soil environmental management and pollution control, soil health diagnosis and green restoration, and theoretical methods, technical research and transformation of scientific and technological achievements have been strengthened. Organize and implement national key R&D projects such as accurate identification and flux assessment technology for the whole process of regional heavy metal pollution, and carry out integrated demonstration of innovative technologies for pollution traceability.
In terms of "cooperation", we should strengthen overall planning and coordination to form a joint regulatory force. Establish a departmental coordination mechanism to strengthen source prevention and control, safe utilization, and grain collection and storage management, etc., to form a closed loop of work. Cooperate with the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Administration for Market Regulation and other departments to carry out food security and food safety assessments, and consolidate local responsibilities.
"In the next step, we will focus on the management of polluted farmland, the maintenance of black soil, the use of saline-alkali land and other key points, vigorously promote pollution prevention and ecological protection, and ensure the health and sustainable use of soil." Zhao Shixin said.
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