Four ancient poems in late summer and early autumn: the wind is a few days and autumn, and the fire is rushing westward
It is almost the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar, which is close to the seventh month of the lunar calendar. In the contemporary climate concept, July and August of the Gregorian calendar are the hottest summers, with temperatures as high as 35 to 40 degrees, which is a proper midsummer, and it is far from autumn. However, in the traditional Chinese calendar and the concept of seasons, summer and autumn are two distinct seasons, but their timing is the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar, the seventh month of the lunar calendar and the beginning of autumn, which are called the scorching summer by contemporary people.
So this stage, although it is midsummer in the contemporary sense, is called Jixia, Late Summer, Late Autumn, Near Autumn, and Early Autumn in Chinese tradition.
Then the autumn demarcation of the ancients did not rely solely on temperature, but on the solar calendar to delineate the solar terms and related time.
That is, the beginning of autumn is the beginning of autumn, and the beginning of autumn is often in the seventh month of the lunar calendar, and the seventh month of the lunar calendar is also widely known as the beginning of autumn.
The current point in time is the last few days of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, which is late summer, and autumn is not far away.
"Flowing fire in July, clothes in September". Book of Poetry "July"
Modern people often read the Book of Poetry and judge the words of the past according to the meaning of contemporary words.
For example, this poem written in the pre-Qin era is often written in the pre-Qin period, and people tend to look at the meaning of the text, and in July there is a fire-like heat wave everywhere, and it is only in September that it begins to cool down, and they begin to weave and manufacture clothes for autumn and winter.
In some contemporary literary works, the July Flowing Fire is also described as the scorching heat of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, with a heat wave like fire and steaming heat. For this reason, many people also started a debate. So what exactly does July Flowing Fire mean?
The 24 solar terms were basically finalized, as a timetable for the solar calendar, and to guide agricultural production and life, which was a matter after the Han Dynasty.
So before the Han Dynasty, people did not have the solar term calendar as a guide, how to judge the season and time, especially the season, including sunshine, rain, time, plant and crop growth law is closely related, people rely on the sky stars in the year where to judge, to judge the season and time. This is crucial for farmers who don't know how to write.
For example, where is the Big Dipper, what is the position of the Zodiac River, what is the position of Mars, what is the position of the Cowherd and Vega, and three to four constellations coincide to determine the specific time and season.
For example, the astronomical description of Ji Xia in the pre-Qin Rite Book of the Moon Decree is "Ri Liu. In the faint fire. Dan Kuizhong". Meaning, in the summer of June, the position of the Sun is in the constellation of the Lodge. At dusk, Mars in the constellation of the heart appears in the southern mid-heaven, and at dawn, the star Pleiades appears in the southern mid-heaven. Farmers in the village looking up at the stars in the sky can tell that this is the sixth month of the lunar calendar, and there will be hot weather and heavy rain, which is suitable for planting summer and autumn crops, and it is necessary to do a good job of rice field management.
It doesn't matter if you forget the time, or don't have a calendar on hand. If that big Mars is near the west at dusk, it means that June is coming to an end, July is just coming, and autumn is coming.
Therefore, the July Flowing Fire in this ancient poem refers to the Great Mars, which is moving closer to the west, and the flowing words show a smooth and silky state of movement.
Some people say that the ancients were so profound, but in fact it was not, before everyone had a calendar, ancient farmers, including women, relied on the stars in the sky to calculate the seasons and time. At that time, a woman may judge whether her husband should be on his way home based on the position of the stars in the sky. The fire flows westward, do people return?
Then, in the seventh month of the Book of Songs, the person who wrote the poem stood under the starry sky in June and July, overlooking the fields, and reviewing the agricultural cultivation and harvest from spring to winter. And why in July? Because this time is very special, everything grows luxuriantly, the fields are moving towards a bumper harvest, and farming is not as busy as spring plowing and autumn harvest, but there is a feeling of overlooking the countryside.
Then the torch festival in the southwest region also originated in the ancient astrological period, people in the sixth month of the lunar calendar, held a grand torch festival, illuminated the farmland, sacrificed to the ancestors and gods, and as the most important time node of the year, there is a carnival like the New Year.
So what day was the Torch Festival in the southwest region, which is also the Xinghui Festival? There is a lack of physical and material proof. But it should be the summer solstice or a certain star as a day of regular return, as a celebration. And this star is a certain constellation of stars that appears in the night sky in summer, and it may also be the Great Mars.
Therefore, Great Mars, in the pre-Qin period, should be an important astrological indicator for ordinary farmers to judge the coming of summer and autumn.
Great Mars to the west, great fire to the west, once widely used.
"The fire is slightly tilted westward, and the sunset shadows are all over Zengcheng.
The sky is high and the sky is far away, and the autumn air enters the sound of cicadas. "The end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the beginning of the Sui Dynasty · Xue Daoheng "Summer Evening Poems"
In fact, after the Qin and Han dynasties, the calendar was unified, especially in the Han Dynasty, the 24 solar terms were perfected, and the whole country was promulgated to guide agricultural production and life.
Therefore, the astrological signs are of little significance to ordinary people.
However, the stars and celestial phenomena have become an integral part of the nature of the four seasons and have extremely high aesthetic value.
For example, Li Shangyin said that the stars sink to the bottom of the sea when the window is seen.
This late summer poem of the Northern and Southern Dynasties writes about the vast and beautiful scene of the sky at the end of summer.
Standing on the tall building, at dusk time, the sun has already set, colorful clouds and fiery clouds are all over the sky, you can see that in the sky to the south, the big Mars is close to the west, so far away, but so shining.
The sky is as clear as a wash, clear and transparent, and the wind comes out of the refreshing coolness, but this coolness is relative to the scorching heat, compared to the previous high temperature, at least cooler than before.
Even the sound of cicadas is no longer so irritable, but with a long and soothing sound, as if infected with the cool autumn air.
We know that the chirping of cicadas is usually above 22 degrees to 24 degrees, which is still high, but it is obviously cool compared to the high temperature of more than 30 degrees.
This is also characteristic of the climate in late summer and early autumn, when the daytime or accumulated temperature may always be high, but when the sun goes down, the temperature difference between day and night begins to widen, and the night becomes cooler.
And this coolness was a sign of autumn in ancient times.
"There is no escaping the heat, and the wind is blowing for a few days.
I don't know what to do, and the fire is rushing westward. "The sixth Song · Guo Yin's "Bitter Heat and Yuan Yingxiang Use Wei Suzhou Arbor to Grow Summer Cool Flowing Clouds and Spit Huayue as the Theme of Ten Small Poems"
This is the feeling of the scorching heat of late summer, such a hot weather, there is no way to escape, I want to know, when will the wind blow a little, and when will it be autumn?
This is the normal feeling of longing to be relieved of the pain of the summer heat.
I just want to hurry up and the cool breeze rises and autumn comes.
But on second thought, such a fervent hope for autumn is not actually good for people.
Because human time is so limited, the arrival of autumn means that time flies by. And when autumn comes, you will feel like an arrow in time.
Because the big Mars in the sky is unceremoniously moving westward, the weather will get colder, and there is a feeling of urgency.
People are always full of helplessness about the passage of life and time, pain makes people live like years, and the light life quickly dissipates with time.
The fastest ones are the best days, just like the short spring and autumn.
"In the seventh month of the world, the fire flowed westward.
Civil affairs are too late, and the time should begin.
Li Lie will urge, and Jingying's eyes are dazzling.
The air changes with the frost and dew, and things change year by year.
The cloth can be brown, and the fox can make the fur.
Be prepared first, and die without worry. "Late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty · Excerpt from Ling Yunhan's "July Flowing Fire".
The July Flowing Fire is about the movement of Mars, and the Great Mars is located in the middle of the southern dusk in June, and of course, the hot weather in the sixth month of the lunar calendar also corresponds to the Great Mars.
In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Mars begins to move westward, and no matter how hot it is, it will be the end of the crossbow.
Of course, people think that autumn comes too late in the scorching heat, but the real autumn does not come blindly cool, because it is getting colder and colder every day, until the cold wind is bleak.
And there will be more and more things in the fall, and the work will be more arduous.
For example, to make winter clothes, you need to prepare a fur to protect against the cold.
People can only guarantee a worry-free year if they are well prepared before the cold arrives.
Prepare summer food in winter, prepare winter clothes in summer, the seventh month of the lunar calendar is still a hot but busy season, in the hot weather, prepare for the arrival of the cold in advance.
Since ancient times, the Chinese have been diligent and thrifty, and have a good tradition, which is a profound observation and grasp of nature and life, using manpower to resist the sky, cold or hot, and work endlessly.
Although it is the height of summer in the contemporary sense, the Chinese who understand life have begun to prepare materials for autumn and winter. Because July is coming, the beginning of autumn is approaching, the weather is getting cooler, and everything is predicted.
Hatsui Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you.
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