introduction
*This article is excerpted from the second series of "Cao County Cultural and Historical Materials" (December 1986), the original title is "Ji Hongchang in Cao County"
Ji Hongchang (October 18, 1895 - November 24, 1934), the fifth word of the world, formerly known as Ji Hengli, was an anti-Japanese hero, a patriotic general, and a native of Fugou, Henan Province. In 1913, he joined Feng Yuxiang's department and was promoted from soldier to army commander, brave and good at fighting. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1932. In May 1934, Ji Hongchang participated in the organization of the "Chinese People's Anti-Fascist Grand Alliance" and served as a leading member of the CCP caucus within the "Grand Alliance". On November 9, 1934, Ji Hongchang was assassinated and wounded by agents of the military command in the French Concession in Tianjin, and was arrested and later extradited to the Beiping Military Branch. On November 24, by order of Chiang Kai-shek, Ji Hongchang was killed in the Beiping Army Prison at the age of 39.
I don't plan to move this brick, it looks a little fragmented, and it is piled up with several short articles. When he was about to give up, he swept at a glance and saw "thirsty for drinking Meiling blood, hungry for food." I am quite shocked, I am afraid that there is no second person who dares to say such a "big rebellion" in that era.
body
(1) Commander Ji besieged Cao County
Ballad:
In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China, Lao Jiang Shoucao County.
After two months, planes often came to visit.
I lost two letters, and the old ginger monster liked it.
Ping Pong sounded and opened Cao County.
Old Jiang was scared, and the silk shop was lost.
Division Commander Fan Longzhang was caught and sent to Kaifeng.
In the autumn of 1927, the National Revolutionary Army continued its Northern Expedition. The troops of Jiang Mingyu, the commander of Zhang Zongchang's subordinates of the Feng army, retreated from south to north and were temporarily stationed in Cao County. Sun Liangcheng, a subordinate of Feng Yuxiang of the Northwest Army, led three divisions, Ji Hongchang, Ma Hongkui, and Zheng Dazhang, to advance north along the Jinpu line. Sun Liangcheng entered Lu from Henan, and his troops went to Cao County, where he encountered Jiang Mingyu's troops in Fengjun. Ji Hongchang's division assembled from Dingtao to the south, and on the seventh day of the tenth month of the ancient calendar, Jiang Mingyu's troops were besieged in Cao County.
Sun Liangcheng's headquarters is stationed in Wulidun in the east of the city, and Ji Hongchang's division headquarters is stationed in Qilijiazhuang, north of the city. This time, Ji Hongchang, commander of the 19th Division, was tasked with the main task of attacking the county. Division Commander Ji's former enemy headquarters was set up in Dongguan Jesus Church and was garrisoned by brigade commander Xu Fasheng. Ji Hongchang himself often lived downstairs in the southern courtyard of Christianity and personally commanded the battle.
On the 16th day of October in the ancient calendar, the siege officially began. At that time, the artillery fire was extremely fierce, and some ancient buildings such as the Kuixing Pavilion in the southeast corner, the east and west towers, and the city gate tower were destroyed on the city wall. A few days after the siege of the city, in order to protect the people in the city, Division Commander Ji adopted the method of attacking slowly and intermittently from time to time, and the cannon with the largest caliber was not used, lest the lives and property of the people in the city be damaged, and he wanted to give a certain amount of time to win Jiang Mingyu to abandon the darkness and turn to the light. At that time, some well-known people in Cao County came forward to mediate, hoping to end the battle as soon as possible, but Zhang Zongchang often sent planes to drop letters to support and cheer up Lao Jiang, so that Jiang Mingyu would stick to help and resist stubbornly.
Jiang Mingyu's military discipline was very bad, and the officers and men did everything in their power to extort money and food, picking up door panels, cutting down trees, burning furniture, and beating citizens. The masses hated it, but there was nothing they could do. Some ask God to kowtow and burn incense, longing for peace. Some old ladies took copper basins and pots and slapped spells at the sky, and whispered: "Boom, boom, boom!" Boom, boom, boom! All the officers and soldiers of Feng are dead! Shoot, shoot, shoot! Shoot, shoot, shoot! Eight hundred officers and soldiers died! At that time, the common people's hatred for Fengjun was self-evident.
Jiang Mingyu stuck to the county seat, the city wall was thick and towering, and it was not easy to destroy, and the division commander Ji Hongchang did not use heavy artillery in order to protect the people, so the county town was not broken. In the end, the division commander Ji sent sappers to dig a tunnel under the north gate, put enough explosives, and ignited the fire with electricity, and the city wall collapsed with a loud bang. Ji Hongchang, the commander of the division, bravely landed in the city, the sound of killing shook the sky, the Feng army was in chaos, all were annihilated, and the county town was conquered. It was on the ninth day of the first month of 1928.
Jiang Mingyu, the commander of the Feng Department, hid in the basement of Li Cunbinsi's store on East Street, and when he heard that the county seat had been broken, he raised his gun and killed himself; The division commander Fan Longzhang was captured and sent to Kaifeng. Sun Guangzu, the magistrate of Cao County, was dismissed and replaced by Zhu Guoheng, a subordinate of Ji Hongchang. Division Commander Ji Hongchang held a congratulatory meeting to celebrate the victory, and the crowd was happy, and Cao County was stable for a while.
(Contributed by Yuan Fanwu, Wang Lingbo, Zhao Cunxiang, Wan Guangzhou, Li Hongyan)
(2) An extraordinary speech
After the commander Ji opened the county seat, he calmed down the people's hearts, broke feudal superstitions, and defeated corrupt officials, local tyrants and inferior gentry. Master Ji changed the county hall of Cao County to "Zhongshan Club". In the middle of the lobby, the horizontal plaque is written with four big golden characters of "Joy with the People", and a large red silk slogan is hung on the east and west walls, about two zhang high. On the east wall, a vertical banner reads, "The worries of the world first"; On the west wall, a vertical banner reads, "Joy in the world after tomorrow". As soon as people step into the club, a sense of righteousness arises, and they are deeply educated and inspired. Master Ji cares about the masses and education, who would have thought that he would take time out of his precious time to make a very meaningful speech to the students during the Northern Expedition War!
In the spring of 1928, Master Ji convened more than 1,000 students from various primary schools in Chengguan to speak in front of the club, with three main points: first, young people should be determined to do great things, not to be big officials, second, to break superstition, oppose feudal constraints, and vow not to marry a woman with bound feet; 3. told a story during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period "Uncle Sun Ao Killed the Two-Headed Snake".
Master Ji's talk about these three contents has been carefully scrutinized. He instilled revolutionary ideas in young students, which hit the nail on the head and had profound implications. Because of the 2,000-year-old feudal mentality that binds many people in society, some people always think that studying is to be an official and a master. Teacher Ji taught students to aspire to do great things, not to aspire to be big officials. This kind of revolutionary truth has left a deep impression on the students, which is really deafening and refreshing!
Master Ji told the story of Uncle Sun Ao killing a two-headed snake in the Spring and Autumn Period, and he said that once a young Uncle Sun Ao encountered a two-headed snake, which was very poisonous, and people would be poisoned to death when they saw this snake. At that time, Uncle Ao meditated that he was going to be poisoned by the two-headed snake, which was certain, but this snake poisoned me, and then it had to poison others! If I kill them today, even though I myself am dead, but I save others from it, why don't I give up my life to save others! So, Uncle Ao bravely beat the two-headed snake to death. Uncle Ao went home and told his mother about it, and his mother comforted him and said: "Son, if you have the spirit of sacrificing yourself to save others, you will definitely be able to resist the poison of poisonous snakes, and you will not die of poison, don't be afraid!" Master Ji told this story, flaunting that it is a great heroic feat to eliminate harm for the people and sacrifice oneself to save others, and set an example for future generations.
After Mr. Ji gave the students a scarf, he gave each student a square scarf, on which was printed with a famous phrase: "You can't become a real revolutionary unless you train yourself and spur yourself." For the sake of the interests of the country and the nation, Division Commander Ji commanded thousands of troops and horses, galloped across the battlefield, and in the midst of his busy schedule, he also earnestly taught the young students and served as a good teacher and helpful friend to the young students.
(Contributed by Zhang Weihua and Li Ziqian)
(3) Master Ji and Jiazhuang's fish and water are affectionate
In October of the lunar calendar in 1927, Division Commander Ji Hongchang led the 19th Division from Dingtao Maji to enter our village - Qilijiazhuang in the north of Cao County.
His mission was to attack the county town of Cao, which was occupied by the Feng army Jiang Mingyu. Master Ji is burly, with a garden face, purple red, a pair of big bright eyes, two long eyebrows as thick as ink, although he is only thirty-three years old, he has a long black lake beard. After years of war, I have seen many officers, but Commander Ji is different, and the villagers look at this heroic young general with amazement and doubt.
Master Ji spoke to the masses in front of the village, with a loud voice and sincere feelings. He held a white steamed bun in his left hand and a black nest in his right hand, and said angrily: "Fellow villagers, local tyrants and inferior gentry, corrupt officials and corrupt officials, sit and wait for clothing, eat this!" He raised his left hand to show everyone the white bun. He also said: "We ordinary people get up early in the morning, work hard, become cattle and horses, bleed and sweat, and are tired to death, but we eat this!" He raised his right hand for everyone to see. Then Master Ji said: "Now, there are local tyrants and shoddy gentry in the country, corrupt officials and corrupt officials, riding on the heads of the people as prestige; Abroad, imperialism bullied us, especially the Japanese devils, and bullied us too badly. We need to unite and work together to deal with these cannibalistic bad things! ”
Master Ji's speech was very convincing to the masses. After the meeting, he happily said to the old lady present: "You little feet lady, you have seen a car and may not have taken a car, whoever wants to sit can come!" Master Ji drove the car to the venue, let several ladies sit in the car, and drove around the village. After getting out of the car, they all said: "This Master Ji is really good, he is really a good official of our people, and it is worth it for our generation to be able to get in the car!" ”
Division Commander Ji's headquarters is located in my house. He lived in the West House, the guards lined up in the hall, and the staff office with Fu Zuoyi (according to the phonetic record of Uncle Zhaoxing's talk, see other materials, it may be a mistake of Fu Eryu's three characters) as the chief of staff lived in the East House. My father vacated the old courtyard for them to live in, and my family moved to a small courtyard to the east. Division Commander Ji strictly ordered his subordinates to draw a line from the east gable of the lobby house to the front wall of the east house, and the officers and men were not allowed to cross the boundary line and enter the east courtyard under any pretext. Sometimes the subordinates of the division headquarters borrowed things from us, and they shouted from the west, not daring to cross the line.
After Division Commander Ji's troops were stationed in Jiazhuang, the officers and men took matters into their own hands and assaulted for three days, building a circle of walled villages with buttresses more than one zhang high around Jiazhuang, and digging deep trenches, leaving only the east and west gates to enter and exit, and our village became a camp that could be defended.
Before this, many of the residents of Jiazhuang moved to the city to avoid the chaos. After Jiang Mingyu covered the four gates, none of them could go out of the city to go home, and only more than 100 people remained in Jiazhuang Village. Since the division headquarters was stationed in the village and borrowed pots and stoves, it was inconvenient for some people to cook, so Master Ji instructed: Each company can cook more and let the people eat together. Since then, the military and civilians have eaten together, and they are close to each other like a family, and contact has become more casual. Division Commander Ji was tasked with attacking the county seat, and he himself often went to Dongguan on the front line to personally direct the battle. It was a cold winter, and the farm work was over. The people often chatted with the officers and soldiers. Some people say that Ji Hongchang's family is in Fugou, Henan, and his family is very poor, and he came out as a soldier with Feng Yuxiang in his teens. He rose from squad leader, platoon leader, company commander to division commander. Master Ji was born in poverty, and he was very considerate to the toiling people, especially to the suffering people. He is approachable, and the people in the village want to talk to him when they are empty.
Master Ji was very tired of feudal and backward things, and when he saw a woman with small feet, he grinned, and when he saw a man with braids, he said that it was a "dog's tail". One day, Master Ji took a razor to shave my father's head and cut off the braids, and fearing that the landlord would be unhappy, he repeatedly said that it was not good to keep braids, saying that it was now the Republic of China, and what should I do with the braids of the Manchu Dynasty! My second uncle Tang Zhaoxing was not very happy to cut his braids, and Master Ji left him a "quail tail", and said half-joyed and half-angry: "The second shopkeeper is not with us, and he doesn't want to make a complete revolution!" "Master Ji once shaved my fourth uncle's head, and after shaving, he picked up his hat and didn't wear it. He said, "Little landlord, I shaved your head, and you have to give me a military salute." My fourth uncle said, "Of course! How can you salute without a hat? I salute you with a hat," Master Ji said with a smile, "Okay, okay, I'll put it on for the little landlord." My fourth uncle lifted his hat and said solemnly: "Master Ji, who is the family to salute the shaved head?" You shaved my head, I don't salute you! With that, he grimaced and ran away. Master Ji clapped his hands and laughed with the people around him, and he said, "Oh, don't look at the small landlord, there are really a lot of eyes!" ”
Master Ji heard my village say that my cousin Liu Songling and my uncle Tang Zhaofu had served as soldiers in the army's martial arts team and had practiced good martial arts, so Master Ji specially invited them to perform. Liu Songling played a set of long-handled glaive knives, and Tang Zhaofu performed a set of "Wansheng knives" (single short knives) and another set of carp piercing guns (said to be Yue Fei's marksmanship). Master Ji was fascinated, smiled, and praised Liujia, and immediately mobilized the two to join his team and let them be the squad leaders of the martial arts team. Later, due to family obstruction, they did not participate.
One afternoon, the Feng army stationed in the area of Lianglou in the northeast corner of our village, in order to meet Jiang Mingyu in the county seat, suddenly opened fire on our Jiazhuang, and a shell fell on the west end of our village. The officers and men of the 19th Division were a little panicked for a while. When Master Ji heard the report, he immediately opened the map, and his fingers moved quickly with his gaze on the map. After seeing it, he straightened up and said with a smile: "Don't be afraid, don't be afraid, the ground in our area is slanted, and the enemy is aiming at the center, but the shells will always fall to the west." "As soon as his voice fell, boom! Bang! There were two loud bangs, and both shells happened to land on the west side of the village. The people around Master Ji looked at each other and couldn't help laughing.
In order to eliminate the Feng army of Lianglou and relieve the worries of attacking the city, Division Commander Ji, with the help of our people, explored the deployment of the enemy army in the area of Lianglou and the surrounding terrain route, and ordered to attack Lianglou. He first commanded the troops to quietly enter the forward positions to conceal, and then bombarded them with heavy artillery. The artillery shell hit the enemy's vital point, and then ordered the infantry to charge, like a fierce tiger rushing into the flock, and in the blink of an eye, the Lianglou Feng army was beaten to the ground, and all were annihilated. The masses all said: "Commander Ji really manages the soldiers (note: the idiomatic terms of Yudong and Luxi), and he will win in one fight!" ”
In order to prevent the enemy's spies from infiltrating our village, Division Commander Ji ordered all sentry posts to closely check suspicious pedestrians. Suspicious elements were caught and temporarily detained in my family's mill. If the detainee does not come to bail for three days, he will be questioned by the enemy and will either be shot or buried alive. On the seventh day of the twelfth month of the ancient calendar, two suspicious elements had been detained for three days, and no one had come to take bail, so the commander of the division ordered the guards to pull out and shoot them. As soon as they reached the southeast corner of my village, a group of people ran from the southeast in a panic, raising their hands and shouting: "Fellow, grace and grace!" I'm here to guaranture, I'm from Huayuanzi Village, please keep someone under the knife! "The executed Wei Tu didn't dare to be the master, let them quickly enter the village to find Master Ji. These people found my father, Tang Zhaorui, and asked him to ask Master Ji to intercede for protection. My father took the bail and hurriedly went to find Master Ji. Master Ji said a few words, asked about the situation and looked at the guarantee, patted my father on the shoulder and said wittily: "Landlord! It's dangerous! A little later, these two unjust ghosts will ascend to heaven! He then ordered their release.
Division commander Ji Hongchang took up the task of attacking the county seat, because he cared for the people's property and could not bear to use heavy artillery, the battle lasted for three months, and the county seat was opened on the ninth day of the first month of the ancient calendar in 1928. He happily shaved off his thick black beard and led his subordinates to bid farewell to the people of our village with a feeling of farewell.
In order to repay the deep affection of the people in our village for supporting the 19th Division, after opening the county seat, Division Commander Ji ordered his subordinates to carry buns to Duoshou Hutong in the north gate, looking for the people of Jiazhuang who were besieged in the city, and warmly expressed their condolences.
Division Commander Ji had sent a staff officer Zhu Guoheng to serve as the county magistrate of Cao County before the city was broken. After the city was broken, County Magistrate Zhu was stationed in the city. Sun Guangzu, the former county magistrate, was dismissed. County Magistrate Zhu took care of our village in many ways. At that time, the county government often sent people to the countryside to send "flying cattle" and "flying cars" (i.e., extra arrest factions), and the county magistrate Zhu asked my father in advance how many livestock there were in Jiazhuang, and issued a sign to exempt officials from official errands according to the number, and hung the sign around the neck of the livestock.
When discussing the situation of Division Commander Ji in Jiazhuang, Tang Zhaoxing, the 83-year-old second uncle, said proudly: "One day after opening the county seat, I went to Dongguan to do business, and I met Division Commander Ji holding a meeting. I wanted to walk over quietly, so as not to cause trouble to Master Ji, but who knew that Master Ji saw me at a glance, he immediately stood up, strode over to me, and said with a smile: "Second shopkeeper!" What to do? "I was embarrassed to go forward. Master Ji took two steps and grabbed my hand, and he was very affectionate. The soldiers and civilians present saw the division commander and me, a calloused farmer, shaking hands and talking cordially, and they all looked at the two of us with amazement and admiration. At that time, Ji Hongchang was like a member of the Communist Party, like an ordinary person, not like an official ......."
(Contributed by Tang Yupu)
(4) My fragmentary memories of Master Ji
In the winter of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Ji Hongchang, commander of the 19th Division of the Northern Expeditionary Army, attacked Jiang Mingyu of the Feng Army in Cao County. The division headquarters of Commander Ji was stationed in Jiazhuang in the north of the city, and the siege headquarters was in the Dongguan Jesus Church.
Master Ji Hongchang often lived in the Christian South Compound (later the township teacher, now Caoxian No. 1 Middle School). At that time, I was only seven years old, and I had met Master Ji and played in the house where he lived, and Master Ji left a deep impression on me.
Master Ji is burly, upright and bold, has a loud voice, and dresses very plainly, just like an ordinary soldier. Yuan's chubby face, two thick eyebrows as thick as ink, inlaid with a pair of big bright eyes. Although he is in his thirties, he looks like a middle-aged general because of his stringed face and beard. Judging from his appearance, people feel that Master Ji is a very dignified person, but in fact, he is approachable and often uses witty language to tease children who are learning to speak. I was playing in his room, and I saw a special style of war knife with a long handle on his bedside. When he got up in the morning, Master Ji took this big knife to practice martial arts in the courtyard, and walked with a majestic spirit and a strong body.
There is an orphanage in Christianity, and when Master Ji Hongchang saw these children, he said: "It's a shame for Chinese people to keep them!" He has always despised foreigners and upheld national dignity, so he was very uneasy when he saw a foreign country running an orphanage in China.
Division Commander Ji loves the country and the people, his officers and soldiers have good military discipline, and he has committed no offence against the common people. He led the construction of roads and the planting of trees for the benefit of the people of Cao County. Every morning, his troops run, sing military songs, and have high morale. I still remember some of the lyrics they sang.
"We should work hard for the people to eat and drink......... ...... of the enemies of the imperialist people"
"The night passes, the sky breaks, the red sun shines, people get up early, the national spirit, lively and enthusiastic......"
The eighty-five-year-old old man Cao Dexiu, a citizen of Dongguan, still remembers the "Twelve Months" minor tune sung by Master Ji, which is very good, including:
In the first month, the spring breeze drafts the wood,
Thinking about my China is very sad!
What a hateful fool unconscious,
Foreigners occupy land and kill people!
In April, the south wind rises wheat and yellow shoots,
Thinking about the Japanese is sticking a knife in their hearts.
Exterminating the Ryukyus and occupying Taiwan is inhumane,
I want to occupy Fujian Province again, and my ambitions are really high!
In May, the pomegranate blooms on the Duanyang Festival,
Russia builds railways to reach hometowns.
Lushunkou Dalian Bay was occupied by him,
The people of the three eastern provinces are dizzy.
In the wax moon, the snowflakes are freezing and the sky is cold,
France invaded Canton and occupied Annam.
The soldiers of the great powers see China as a bowl of good meat,
Eat from the outside in.
Commander Ji opposed the remnants of feudalism and called on the masses to rise up in revolution, not to let women bind their feet, not to ask men to grow their hair (braids), and set up peasant associations, women's associations, youth associations, etc. in Cao County, and put forward the revolutionary slogan of "Workers, peasants, merchants, students, and soldiers unite", and the tide of overthrowing the local tyrants and inferior gentry rose. Zhu Kaichen, Li Zimi, Yang Yinsheng, and other tycoons of Cao County's tycoons licked the warlord Zhang Zongchang's cheeks were pasted on the streets, and the patrol officers held batons to maintain order on the streets, and Cao County tended to be peaceful for a while.
(Contributed by Niu Zili)
Appendix:
Two posthumous poems (recorded from "Poems of Revolutionary Martyrs")
(1) Untitled
Thirsty for drinking beautiful blood, hungry for stones.
Return to report the day and restore my Shenzhou.
Note: In 1931, Comrade Ji Hongchang resigned from the military in order to refuse to participate in the war of "suppressing the Communist Party". Chiang Kai-shek was not at ease with his stay at home and forced him to go abroad to investigate. The day before he was about to leave, the "September 18" incident broke out, and Comrade Ji Hongchang wept bitterly and asked to go to the northeast to resist Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek did not allow it and forced him to go abroad. It was with great sadness and indignation that he wrote this poem.
(2) Poetry of righteousness
Hate not to resist the Japanese death, leave it as a shame today.
The country is still like this, why don't I regret this.
Note: On November 9, 1934, Comrade Ji Hongchang, who was formerly the commander of the Second Army of the Chasui People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army, was arrested by the Kuomintang reactionaries in Tianjin, and died heroically at the Beiping Tianqiao on the 24th. Before his inauguration, he wrote this poem on the ground of the execution ground with a small twig.
2. Don't forget the father's precepts (from "Digest Daily")
Comrade Ji Hongchang's father, Mr. Ji Yunting, instructed his son when he was in danger of illness: "When you are an official, you must be innocent and honest, and you must think more about the poor in the world. Ji Hongchang later took the motto of "If you are an official, you are not allowed to get rich", and fired these seven characters on many porcelain bowls, held a grand ceremony, and distributed them to his officers and soldiers. At that time, he was a battalion commander in Feng Yuxiang's department at the age of 25.
Sources:
Cao County Cultural and Historical Materials, Volume 2 (December 1986)