Health tips for August: Pay attention to the prevention of new crown infection, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, foodborne diseases and common infectious diseases after floods, pay attention to summer safety, etc
There are three dog days in summer, and heat is in the middle volt. In August, the summer heat is in full swing, with high temperatures alternating with rainy weather, CDC reminds you to pay attention to the prevention of new crown infection, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, foodborne diseases and common infectious diseases after floods, and pay attention to the safety of students during the summer vacation.
One
Novel coronavirus infection
At present, the new crown infection epidemic in our province is at a low level of fluctuation, and it is recommended that the public should continue to maintain good personal hygiene habits.
Health Tips:
(1) It is recommended that the elderly aged 60 and above or key groups aged 18-59 with serious underlying diseases, immunocompromised people, and high-risk groups of infection be vaccinated according to the procedure, and priority is given to vaccines containing the antigen components of the XBB variant. (2) Do a good job of daily protection, wear masks scientifically, pay attention to hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, pay attention to cough etiquette, open windows regularly for ventilation at home and in the workplace, and do a good job in daily hygiene of the room. (3) Strengthen personal health management. If you have fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea and other uncomfortable symptoms, avoid going to school or work with illness, and go to the fever clinic of a nearby hospital in time as appropriate; Wear a mask at all times and avoid public transportation as much as possible.
Two
Je
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito bites. Pigs are the main source of infection, and the main route of transmission is the bite of mosquitoes carrying the virus, thus forming a chain of transmission between pigs→mosquitoes→pigs or humans. July to September is the main epidemic season of JE in our province.
Health Tips:
(1) JE vaccination is the most economical and effective measure to prevent JE, and all healthy children of appropriate age should be fully vaccinated in a timely manner in accordance with the requirements of the national immunization program. (2) Mosquito prevention and mosquito control should be done. Install screen doors and windows and use mosquito nets in your home. Use mosquito coils, electric mosquito swatters, insecticide sprays, etc. indoors to repel mosquitoes in a timely manner. (3) Do a good job in the environmental sanitation of families and livestock (poultry) houses, drain the stagnant water that may breed mosquitoes, and pay attention to the regular "turning over the pot and pouring the can" to clear the stagnant water in the rainy flood season. (4) Do a good job of personal protection and avoid staying in outdoor shady places such as trees, grass, and gazebos during the frequent mosquito infestation hours (7-9 a.m. and 4-6 p.m.). Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved clothing and long pants when going out to cover your body as much as possible to prevent mosquito bites. Apply insect repellent to exposed skin and clothing. (5) Once there are suspicious JE symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, and drowsiness, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to avoid delaying the condition.
Three
rabies
In summer, the weather is hot, the air pressure is low, and the high temperature is easy to make animals irritable, impulsive and hurt. At the same time, people generally dress cooler in summer, and have more exposed skin, which is more likely to be scratched and bitten by cats and dogs and other animals.
Health Tips:
(1) Scientific management of pets, pet families should apply for dog registration certificates, take the initiative to vaccinate pets in a timely manner, and keep their pets in captivity. (2) When going out to walk the dog, the dog chain, muzzle, dog cage, etc. should be used according to the regulations in order to control the range of activities and behaviors of the dog and avoid the occurrence of dog injuries. (3) Avoid contact with wild animals and stray animals, do not tease or play with cats, dogs and other animals, do not disturb dogs that are eating, sleeping or caring for their cubs, and do not let animals lick skin wounds. (4) After being scratched or bitten by a dog or cat, you should go to a nearby standardized dog injury treatment clinic as soon as possible.
Four
Foodborne illness
Warmer temperatures and humidity in summer make it easier for microorganisms to breed and multiply, and the risk of foodborne illness is higher.
Health Tips:
(1) Maintain good hand hygiene. Make it a habit to wash your hands before eating, after using the toilet, and before processing food, using soapy water or hand sanitizer, and rinsing with running water. (2) The kitchen and kitchen utensils should be cleaned: when cleaning the kitchen utensils, rinse and dry them with flowing and safe water, and cook and disinfect them frequently. Keep the kitchen well ventilated, and keep the floors, sinks and refrigerators clean inside and out; After using the dishcloth and rag, wash it thoroughly in time and replace it frequently. (3) Ensure that the ingredients are fresh and avoid eating expired or spoiled food; Try to finish meals on the same day, and if there are leftovers, refrigerate them properly and reheat them thoroughly before eating them again; Eat less coleslaw, especially in restaurants or tourist attractions where hygiene is difficult to guarantee. (4) Raw vegetables and fruits should be cleaned, and when handling and processing food, raw and cooked food should be separated, including knives, cutting boards, containers, etc., if the conditions do not allow, when processing cooked food, the relevant utensils should also be cleaned to avoid cross-contamination. Food should be cooked thoroughly, especially when meat, seafood and eggs are consumed. (5) When dining out, be sure to choose a regular hotel or restaurant with good hygiene. (6) If you have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time.
Five
Infectious diseases are common after floods
Factors such as water pollution, damp environment, deterioration of drinking water and dietary hygiene, increased contact opportunities and decreased resistance of people after flood disasters can easily cause various infectious diseases, such as intestinal infectious diseases such as bacterial dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis A, and viral diarrhea, natural infectious diseases such as hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, and Japanese encephalitis, as well as infectious diseases transmitted by contact such as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.
Health Tips:
(1) Practice good personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and maintain hand hygiene, especially after exposure to floodwaters or before eating. When washing your hands, it is best to wash them with soap and running water and dry them in time; Do not wash your hands and face or other items in floodwater-contaminated water. Wash clothes contaminated by floods or sewage, preferably with a suitable detergent and hot water. (2) Try not to contact the infected water, and should do a good job of personal protection as much as possible when you must contact the infected water, such as wearing high rubber shoes, latex gloves, wearing protective clothing and pants, applying protective ointment to the parts that will be in contact with the infected water before entering the water, and after contacting the infected water, you should be checked or receive preventive treatment in time. (3) Pay attention to diet and drinking water hygiene: do not drink raw water, only drink boiled water or bottled water or bottled water that meets health standards; Water containers must be clean and emptied frequently for cleaning. Do not eat food that has been soaked in floodwater, do not eat drowned, sick and dead livestock, aquatic products, etc., food should be cooked thoroughly, raw and cooked separately, and tableware must be cleaned and disinfected before use. (4) Eliminate rodents, flies and mosquitoes, reduce the density of mosquitoes, insects, rodents and other vectors: for mosquito breeding places to be removed in time, such as various waterlogged places, pigsties, stables, etc., should also be regularly sprayed with drugs for insecticide, and attention should be paid to removing the dead corners of cleaning. Do a good job of personal hygiene protection, use mosquito nets, and use mosquito repellent when sleeping in the open and working in the field to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. (5) Do a good job in poultry management, so that people and animals are isolated, pigs, dogs, and chickens should be kept in captivity, so as to avoid poultry excrement polluting the surrounding environment and water sources, and dead poultry (livestock) should be disinfected and thoroughly managed. (6) Once symptoms such as fever, diarrhea and rash appear, seek medical attention in time.
01
Six
Summer safety
Safety is no trivial matter, whether it is traveling or resting at home, I hope that everyone will improve their safety awareness while enjoying the summer vacation, and do not neglect physical and mental health and safety.
Health Tips:
(1) When traveling on holidays, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of safe travel, choose legal and compliant means of transportation, refuse to travel by illegal vehicles, trucks, agricultural vehicles and other means of transportation, and fasten seat belts when taking passenger cars. (2) Wear a life jacket when taking a boat or participating in water activities. Remind children to stay away from ponds, rivers, lakes and other water bodies that do not have fences, fences, etc. outdoors. Do not swim in the water without permission, do not swim with others without authorization, do not swim without an escort, should go to a place with professional life-saving facilities and personnel to swim and play in the water, warm up before entering the water, avoid swimming on an empty stomach or full stomach, parents should pay attention to the child's activity trajectory and condition throughout the whole process to avoid accidents. Educate children not to rescue their peers if they fall into the water to avoid chain accidents. Call for help and seek adult help in time. (3) Summer vacation is a dog day, pay attention to cooling down and heat prevention, set a reasonable outdoor travel time, and try to avoid high temperature periods. When going out, you should do a good job of protection, pay attention to shading, and avoid direct sunlight. Avoid staying in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, and use air conditioners, fans, etc. to cool down. Drink small, frequent and adequate water, replenish salt and minerals, and pay attention to diet and rest. (4) During the summer vacation, you should arrange your life and rest reasonably, develop healthy living habits, establish safety awareness, do not indulge in online games, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, eat reasonably, strengthen physical exercise, and prevent diseases.
Source: Shaanxi CDC
Shaanxi Net Hancheng Station (Editor Wang Meina)