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A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

1. Grass snake gray line, thousands of miles of veins: one of the novel writing techniques, it belongs to the method of ambushing the pen. It is similar to "the gray line of the grass snake, thousands of miles away", and the metaphor leaves vague clues and signs for things. The "foreshadowing", "the pen of the line thousands of miles away", "the line method", "the grass snake gray line", "the text after the volt" and so on are all such writings.

"Grass snake": A snake passes through the grass and does not leave footprints, but the snake has weight, and still leaves some inconspicuous but still existing traces. "Gray line": Take a thread for sewing clothes and drag it in the ashes after burning wood, because the thread is particularly light, the traces left are also very trance-like. "Foreshadowing" or "Foreshadowing" or "Foreshadowing": refers to the clues or hints that are planted in advance for the following text. Long before the birth of Dream of the Red Chamber, the method of the grass snake gray line has become a mature structural technique in classical Chinese novels, and it is also commonly used by subsequent novelists, which is a unique and outstanding creation of the structural art of Chinese novels. In ancient literary criticism, there was also a saying that the gray line of the grass snake and the vein is thousands of miles. This idiom was first proposed by Jin Sheng when he commented on the Water Margin, including Jingyanggang writing 'whistle stick' 18 times in a row, Zishi Street writing 16 times 'curtain' and 38 times 'laughing', Sheng Si said that this is the "grass snake gray line method". It was later borrowed by many critics. However, the use of this technique in "Dream of Red Mansions" is still very different from other novels. In other novels, the creative technique of "grass snake gray line, thousands of miles away" only has a partial, limited meaning, and is only used occasionally, but in "Dream of Red Mansions", this creative technique is throughout. In a word, lipid criticism refers to the grass snake gray line method as a basic and overall artistic technique used in the creation of Cao Xueqin's novels. This technique plays an interlocking role in the development of the plot of the novel. That is to say, the specific functions of the grass snake gray line method have four points: (1) the upper and lower collusions, echoing each other, to achieve the complete unity of the grand and complex artistic structure; (2) intermittent, end-to-end, enhance the organic nature of the storyline; (3) Hinting at the fate of the characters or the direction of the development of events; (4) Repeatedly presenting a particular thing, constituting the classic characteristics of a particular thing.

2. Find the front and the back: that is, to undertake the previous text, lead to the later text, and connect the previous and the next.

3. Mapping to each other: a writing technique that takes care of each other. It is similar to the "Correspondence Law". To take care of it means to take care of; Look after. This refers to a technique of description and narration in literary creation. In order to make the article flow through the blood and clear context, it is often used in correspondence with the preambulation, which is also known as "reflection" and "after-response". It plays the role of echoing the above in the following part of the work, that is, "responding to the above".

4. Bifurcating Stroke: It refers to the fact that when the storyline develops smoothly and reasonably, it will make the reader feel monotonous and boring, and then diverge and write all the way, that is, interspersed with other plots. This kind of brushwork is the same or similar to the "Hengyun Broken Ridge Method", "Interception Method", "Fork Method", "Sudden Method" and other techniques mentioned in the lipid commentary.

5. Cloud Dragon as Rain: This method is similar to "Cloud Dragon Fog and Rain" and "Text of Dragon Changes" in the fat commentary, and the general meaning refers to the unexpected plot arrangement and wonderful changes in the artistic technique of "Dream of Red Mansions", but each criticism has its own specific meaning.

6. One Hit Two Strokes: One of the novel writing techniques. It is also called "one pen for a thousand wives". It is similar to "one stroke for two purposes", "one blow to the empty valley, all directions", "sound transmission in the empty valley", "one stone counting birds" and "one arrow and two carvings". A metaphor involves the technique of two or even several characters through the description of a plot, scene, or detail, or even a few words. It is generally used to praise the author's skill in depicting two or more things through one thing, or the ability to evoke a series of thoughts or emotions in just a few words.

In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Zhai commented on the sixty-sixth chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions", "These nonsense words seem to be from Baoyu's side" and said: "Extremely good text, the tea and smoke have been written out." It can be described as one blow and two hits. Write without writing. At the end of the sixty-fifth round, Xing'er introduced the situation of Jiafu to Second Sister You, first saying that she had met Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai, and the two aunts didn't even dare to get angry, and then said: "It's not that you dare to be angry, but I'm afraid that this anger will be too big and blow down Miss Lin; The air is warm, and it blows Miss Xue again!" At the beginning of the sixty-sixth episode, he wrote Bao Erjia's joke about Xing'er's words: "It turned out to be some true; When it comes to your mouth, there is more and more no bundle! You don't look like a person with the second master, these words are like Baoyu's people. "Xing'er was originally written here, and it also reflects the expression and demeanor of Mingyan and others around Baoyu.

7. Three-five gathering and dispersing method: also known as "accumulating three and gathering five", which is a term for Chinese painting. "Three-five gathering and scattering" originally refers to moss and plum painting, some are gathered and scattered, some are sparse and dense, and they are scattered. Lipid review here refers to the fact that although some characters in the novel are together, they are arranged separately, "each in a different way", "sparse and dense", and "not rigid".

8. The method of "Liuzang Parrot Language Fang Zhi": The quotation is from the fifteenth episode of Zhu Quan's legend "Jing Hai Ji · Separation" in the Ming Dynasty: "The snow heron flies and sees it, and the Liuzang parrot knows it." The original meaning of the metaphor is still vague. This sentence is quoted by the fat review to illustrate that Cao Xueqin did not write about Sister Fengyue, but wrote it in a looming hazy way, that is, a subtle and suggestive brushwork.

9. Needles are not allowed in dense places: compared with "those who are sparse can go to the horse", it originally refers to the ingenious knot in the book, which can make the structure of the book flexible and vivid to a greater extent. This refers to the technique in the development of the plot, which is tight or loose, flexible and free.

10. Smuggling gold needle method: smuggling gold needle and gold needle have the same dark meaning. Feng Yi of the Tang Dynasty "Guiyuan Cong Talks about · Historical Relics", and wrote Cai Niang's "Chen Xiang Feast on the Night of Qixi Festival to pray to the Weaver Girl...... Said: May begging for a good ear. It is to send a golden needle more than an inch long, embellished on the paper, put it in the skirt, so that three days do not speak, you should be KitKat. Later, he also used embroidery as a metaphor for poetry, which was ingenious. Ming and Qing Dynasty novelists and drama critics also often used to comment on the ingenious chapters and ideas in novels and dramas, such as Jin Sheng's commentary on "The Legend of the West Chamber" and Zhang Zhupo's commentary on "The Golden Plum Bottle". This term of literary criticism is also used several times in lipid criticism. Judging from the text of "Dream of Red Mansions", the critic refers to Cao Xueqin's superficial writing of one thing, but in fact it has a deeper and other meaning, or uses ingenious artistic techniques without revealing traces.

A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

11. Painter's baking and dyeing method: "Baking and dyeing" is a kind of coloring technique for gongbi painting. It refers to the background color of the large piece called baking and dyeing, which is to create the atmosphere effect of the picture of the work, through ink or color to smear the picture, set off the performance of the subject, increase the overall visual effect of the picture, so that the yin and yang complement each other, and the shade is appropriate. Ming Shen Defu's "Ye was compiled and reinforced· and the imperial pen of Xuanzong of the · of the Liechao": "Baking and dyeing and coloring, chasing the Song people." Qing Wang Shizhen's "Chibei Occasional Talk· Talking about Art · Royal Painting Cow": "The attitude is vivid, and the pen and ink can not be reached. Wang Songyu's "Essentials of Chinese Painting Techniques· Dyeing Method": "Baking and dyeing is a pen dipped in ink or color, painted on the part that needs to be heavy, and then another pen with water is used to moisten the part that needs to be shallow, so that this piece of ink or color follows the direction of the brush from dark to light, gradually disappears, or blends with other colors." Later, it was borrowed as a method of expression in literary creation, which refers to the description, description or contrast of various aspects through the environment, scenery or the behavior and psychology of the characters, so as to highlight the artistic image and strengthen the artistic effect, which has the meaning of foiling.

12. The method of flowing clouds: Describe the article as naturally unconstrained, just like floating clouds and flowing water.

13. Writing without writing: a method of literary writing. It refers to the fact that when describing the object of expression, it not only vividly and realistically writes the part to be written, giving the reader a specific feeling of imagery, but also leaving some blank spaces not to write, so as to stimulate the reader's imagination to make up for the author's brushstrokes. The application of "writing without writing" in the work reflects the relationship between the part of the thing and the whole, and conforms to the writing law of reflecting the whole with parts, expressing the general with the individual, and bringing the surface with points. The key to using this method is to correctly handle the relationship between "writing" and "not writing", and to write the part to be "written" concretely; "Not writing" is also a kind of "writing", "not writing" is the means, and "writing" is the goal.

14. Reducing the pen in the complex: doing it in the complicated way is to reduce the pen, which is to refine. It is also called "changing the complex to the simplified method", which is the opposite of "simplifying the traditional method", which means that the author writes complex or important things in a simple penmanship. Liu Xian said it well: "The sentence can be cut, which shows its sparseness; The word shall not be diminished, but the secret shall be known. No matter how complex or simple, if you take "no reduction" and "no reduction" as the standard, you need to refine.

15. "Spring and Autumn" calligraphy: The so-called "Spring and Autumn Calligraphy", also known as "Spring and Autumn Calligraphy" or "Weiyan Dayi", is a historical narration method and technique in ancient mainland China, and a kind of article writing method created by Confucius. It is said that Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, and when he wrote about history, he implied praise and disapproval. Although the text does not directly state the views on the characters and events, it expresses the subjective views of the author in a subtle and subtle way through detailed descriptions, rhetorical devices (such as the selection of words), and the selection of materials. In other words, the author's ideological tendencies are shown in the narrative of the article, rather than expressed through argumentative rhetoric.

16. Historical writing: refers to the penmanship of historians to describe historical facts. "Jin Shu · Cao Bi Bichuan": "That is, to ascend to the east and dye the history pen; According to Taixue, Confucianism. Tang · Cen Shen's poem "Zuojun Thinking of the Old Tour": "The history of the pen is straightened, and the scholar is not peeping." "Ming · Hu Yinglin's "Shao Room Mountain House Pen Collection· History Books Occupy Bi Yi": "Yu said that Liu has historiography, but no historical pen. ”

17. Avoiding complexity: one of the techniques of novel writing. That is, to avoid complexity and simplify, which is close to "deleting complexity and simplifying". It is also called "simplifying and removing complexity" and "avoiding traditional grammar": it refers to choosing a concise way of writing and removing complicated parts. The words of "Shangshu · Wei": "Delete the chaos." Song · Yan Yu's "Poetry of the Past Dynasties· Number of Poets": "The method of quatrains should be graceful and looping, and the deletion should be simplified." The "Law of Refuge" in the following article is similar. The "method of refuge" is a clever abbreviation of events that are difficult to form a vivid plot; Or for things that are difficult to write vividly with real writing, they can flexibly write them in fiction. It is used in many places in "Dream of Red Mansions". For example, in the twenty-seventh chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions", Daiyu "and I don't know why I am so good, I often cry and don't do it." Compared with "crying is not sad" when burying incense mounds, the latter is a more obvious description. The former, on the other hand, did not give a detailed description of the plot of Zijuan and Snow Goose knowing Lin Daiyu's temperament, but only explained it in a few simple sentences.

18. Contrasting chapter method: refers to the use of secondary images that are opposite and different from the main image, and sets off the main image from the reverse side. If the main thing (the body) has opposite characteristics or different conditions from the foil thing (the lining), the liner is used to set off the ontology from the reverse side. Purpose: Convey the theme more vividly through contrast.

19. Anti-fall method: The anti-fall (contrast) technique was originally a plot technique frequently used in literary creation. When it is used in a short space of a miniature novel, this technique of contrast produces a brilliance and charm that it does not possess in the general novel.

20. Idle pen: refers to the text that is not the main plot in a literary work. The term "idle pen" first came from the mouth of the famous literary critic Jin Shengxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is the method used by the authors of his commentaries on famous works such as "Water Margin" to write. Jin Shengsi's "idle pen" refers to the description of non-plot factors in the novel, and he believes that the "idle pen" can "color the idle place", that is, enrich the aesthetic taste of the novel. The so-called idle pen is "an anecdote that comes with it at hand, and a little discussion and interest at any time". The modern Chinese dictionary explains it like this: "idle pen", also known as "idle article", refers to words that have nothing to do with business. As an aesthetic expression technique, "idle brush" has been widely used in literary works. Literary leisure pen refers to the subtle and typical, specific and distinctive life fragments of the writing objects in literary works, which can play a role in revealing the theme of the work, portraying the characters, setting off the environmental atmosphere and arousing the reader's association. Therefore, the use of idle pen can play a "form scattered and the spirit does not disperse the miraculous effect", the form is open, the form is not scattered, the main body is concentrated. An idle pen can deepen the theme. In "Dream of Red Mansions", there are similar techniques such as "writing in a busy manner", "writing in a busy manner", "writing in a busy manner", "writing in a busy manner", and "writing in a busy manner". The original meaning refers to non-episodic elements: sometimes it refers to secondary, causal circumstances; Sometimes refers to secondary character events; Sometimes it refers to the random dotting of real situations in life; Sometimes it refers to a small talk, a small discussion, or a scene. In today's parlance, it's the side plots or idle details interspersed in the main narrative. These subplots or idle details, which on the surface seem redundant, can actually adjust the narrative rhythm of the work and set off the atmosphere of the plot. Therefore, "idle pen is not idle", because it can not only strengthen the realism and dynamism of the work, but also enhance the "interest" of the work. In fact, the idle pen is not idle, it is not a dispensable thing in literary works, but an indispensable pen and ink, without which the article appears stiff and unreal, lacking vitality, and some are vigorous and full of vitality. And it has played a better role in the development of the plot and the shaping of the characters.

A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

21. Hengyun Broken Ridge Method: that is, Hengyun Broken Mountain Method, also known as Hengyun Cutting (Interception) Ridge Method, Mountain Broken Cloud Connecting Method. This is a technique of Chinese painting, that is, using clouds and mist to wipe the mountains, showing the distance and height of the peaks and ridges between the rulers, creating a sense of beauty that is infinite and limited. Later, it became an important and common narrative method in literary works, which evolved from the Song Dynasty painter Li Chengsuo's "Painting Landscape Tips", "the high mountain smoke locks its waist, and the long ridge clouds cover its feet". The "Dictionary of Dream of Red Mansions" explains: It refers to the insertion of another plot when it will be monotonous and boring if it continues to develop, so as to cause changes. The methods of "breaking the method", "intercepting the method", "forking method", "sudden method", and "bifurcating the pen of the fork" are all the same as this method. (Refer to: "The smoke of the high mountains locks its waist, and the clouds of the long ridge cover its feet" -- the "Hengyun Broken Ridge Method" of the narrative in "Dream of Red Mansions")

22. Cloud cover peak tip method: It is an artistic expression technique in Chinese landscape painting, that is, painting the mountain peak and covering the peak tip with smoke and clouds, which shows the height and depth of the mountain.

23. The method of stacking mountains and emeralds: one of the techniques of novel description. Layered mountains and greenery are far-reaching and commonly used artistic expressions in Chinese landscape painting to express the mountains. It's like a wave that has not yet subsided, and another wave of meaning. The post-metaphor shows multiple characters or events in the same space or time. Fat Yan Zhai commented on the thirteenth chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions" "Who knew that You Shi was suffering from stomach pain and sleeping in bed" and said: "The so-called method of stacking mountains and emeralds is also." There is no such method in the wild history, that is, the viewer comes here, and it is not necessary to write all the Qin family, but unexpectedly, he will write another You family. Cao Xueqin describes the death of Qin Keqing, and is using this method: at the same time as Keqing's death, Baoyu "heard that Qin was dead in a dream, and quickly turned over and got up, only to feel as if he had been stabbed in his heart, and unconsciously 'wow', a mouthful of blood spurted out"; And Qin's mother-in-law, "You Shi is suffering from the old symptoms of stomach pain, sleeping in bed. "Three events, appearing at the same time, are like several undulating mountains, everything is terrifying, and the reader is overwhelmed.

24. Accompaniment: refers to the text of the foil. It is also called "lining method": it is one of the novel writing techniques, which refers to the use of words to set off in order to be neat and appropriate.

25. Positive pen: look at it with the "accompanying pen".

26. Fiction and reality: false and true, false and true, and false and true. This refers to the combination of fiction and real writing in literary and artistic works, and the expression method is intriguing and reminiscent.

27. Puns: A rhetorical technique, in a certain language environment, using the polysemy or homophony of words, intentionally making a sentence have two meanings, the words are here and the intention is the other, this rhetorical technique is called a double entendre. Puns can make language subtle, humorous, and deepen the meaning and make a lasting impression. Puns can be divided into phonetic puns and semantic puns. A phonetic pun is a pun that uses the condition of homophony or proximity. A semantic pun is a pun that uses several meanings of the same word. For example, in the twentieth time, Wang Xifeng persuaded Mama Li to use this method, first, to remind her that she was an old man in Jiafu and should know the rules and follow the rules; The second is to remind Mama Li that the attacker is Jia's mother's girl, and she should have some scruples if she doesn't look at the face of the monk and the face of the Buddha.

28, the Jin people poured sugarcane and gradually got better: the quotation is from "The Book of Jin and the Biography of Gu Kai": "Every time Kai eats sweetness, it is always from the end to the root, and people may be strange." Cloud: Getting better. (The World Speaks New Words, Wandering Tunes) is also contained.) The sweetness of sugarcane is at the end, and Gu Kaizhi eats it from the top, and the more he stays and eats, the sweeter it becomes. Later, "getting better" is used as a metaphor for the gradual improvement of the situation or the gradual strengthening of interest. The fifth is the first "small collection of family dinners", which is "written in such a hurry" because there are grander family dinners with more profound content and meaning. Fat batch: Here's the meaning that the show is still to come.

29. Inverted rolling shutter method: refers to the rhetorical technique of rolling the shutter upside down. An incident that has happened in the past has not been explained in the previous text, but when similar events are narrated later, the previous events are mentioned in passing, which is the "inverted shutter method". Sometimes the inverted roller shutter method plays a contrasting role, shaping the characters in the contrast and evaluating the merits of the characters. Compare two people or two things prominently side by side. The inverted rolling shutter method and the supplementary narrative method seem to be the same, but in fact they are the same, although the same is to make up the previous things, but the inverted rolling shutter method is a reminiscence of the previous things, there are no clues to trace, in order not to be abrupt and cumbersome, so when referring to the same kind of things, gently make up the things that have happened, making the article vivid and compact. The law of supplementation is what has been explained before, and due to the use of length and suspense, the final ending of the matter will be added later.

30. Folding pen: This is one of the basic techniques of calligraphy pen. This refers to the turning point when Wang Xifeng taught Jia Huan, highlighting Wang Xifeng's quick thinking and articulate speech.

31. The antelope hangs its horns, and there is no trace to seek: it refers to the antelope hanging its horns on the tree when it sleeps at night, and its feet do not touch the ground to avoid disasters. Generally as an object. From Lu Dian's "Pi Ya · Release Beast". Song · Yan Yu's "Canglang Poetry· Poetry Discernment" said: "Poets are also emotional. The people of the Tang Dynasty are only interested, and the antelope hangs its horns, and there is no trace to seek. Therefore, it is wonderful and exquisite, and it cannot be bored. He also used "the sound in the air, the color in the picture, the moon in the water, and the image in the mirror" to describe this ethereal and far-reaching poetic realm with "endless words and infinite meanings".

32. Rework and light erasure: The method of rework and light erasure is one of the structural techniques of classical novels. It focuses on depicting the life picture of the non-central plot, and ends it lightly with the small things in reason, and naturally transitions to the central plot. Cao Xueqin often uses the "rework and light erasing method" to make readers feel unfinished, and uses this to concisely and concisely transform the plot, showing superb writing skills. In addition, it should also be recognized that the "rework and light erasion" is only about the author's penmanship skills, and does not involve the main and secondary plots.

A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

33. Interspersed: interspersed, referring to staggered with each other; Cross; In novels and operas, some secondary content is added in order to increase the plot twists and set off the theme.

34. White drawing: White drawing is the name of a Chinese painting technique, which refers to the painting method that uses ink lines to outline the image without embellishment and rendering; As a method of expression, "white drawing" refers to the use of the most concise brush and ink, without contrast, to depict a vivid image with simple and concise words. White sketches can be used not only in the description of novels, but also in the creation of prose and poetry. When using this technique to portray characters, the author is required to firmly grasp the specific environment in which the characters are located and the outstanding points of the characters' personalities, experiences, words and deeds, and describe them in concise language to express the personality characteristics of the characters. In many works, the author sometimes sketches the portrait in white. In addition to "Dream of Red Mansions", the mainland's excellent classical novels "Water Margin" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" also use white sketches; Lu Xun's novels have long been exemplary works of white drawing. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret to white drawing." If you want to say that there is, it is just the opposite of the trick: have a true intention, whitewash, less pretentious, and don't show off. ”

35. Passing the pulse: refers to the passage that connects the past and the future in the poem.

36. Twists and turns: refers to the brushwork used to describe the plot of the story in order to make the development and change of certain things complex and diverse.

37. Dotted moss method: The original meaning refers to the dotted moss in landscape paintings, which represents the weeds in the crevices of mountains and rocks, the bushes in the mountains and streams, and the trees that are faintly visible on the distant mountains. This refers to Cao Xueqin's description of the details of Lin Daiyu and Xiangling's conversation, using a literary technique similar to the "dotting moss method". In Chinese painting, the moss should be light and agile with a pen, which the ancients described as "like a dragonfly dotting water", pecking lightly on the paper and quickly lifting it. The ink should be rich in variety, and the places with dense moss spots should be thick and faint, and the sky should be vast, showing rich brush and ink content. The moss dots used to refresh the mind should be as thick as ink paint, and Huang Binhong often uses burnt ink and ink to point out, so that the whole painting is doubled. The timing of the moss can be before or after the coloring, depending on the intent of the painting. When the moss is not colored, the dot and the ink are combined, and the traces of brush and ink are blended, which is easy to produce a dripping and muddy effect; After coloring, the surface of the paper is cemented with water, and the coloring becomes cooked paper, and the ink can not penetrate.

38. "Sentinel Exploration" Method: The original meaning refers to listening to and reconnoitring the enemy's intelligence and movements, etc., and here it means to listen and inquire. Combined with the text, it can be seen that this refers to the fact that Mingyan avoided entertaining Jia Yun on the pretext of helping Jia Yun inquire about Baoyu's whereabouts.

39. Dark penetration method: Dark penetration method is one of the description techniques. In the unnoticed and inadvertent place of the secret pen and ink, with its very natural and plain details of the description, revealing the spirit of the characters. This technique can reveal the hidden, subtle, complex, and contradictory psychological states of the characters implicitly and movingly.

40. Big hands and eyes: "hands and eyes" refer to skills and talents. As a method of expression, it refers to the heroic style of brushwork.

A brief analysis of the artistic techniques in Dream of Red Mansions

41. Big chapter method: Chapter law refers to the method of arranging and arranging the relationship between words and words, lines and lines, etc. That is, the "cloth white" of the whole work. Also known as the "Great Chapter Law". It is customary to call the dot painting arrangement in a word, and the relationship between the arrangement of a word and the number is "small chapter method". This refers to the reasonable arrangement of the characteristics of the character of Xue Pan.

42. Avoiding vulgar routines: "vulgar routines" refer to secular habits and etiquette. It also refers to the outdated style and program. "Avoiding conventions", looking at the meaning of the text, is to avoid the old program of writing techniques, not out of the box, more fresh.

43. The text of the living dragon is vivid: the description of the content is realistic, making people feel as if they have seen it with their own eyes. From the late Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's compilation of vernacular short story collection "Warning to the World".

44, Wen Ruo Zhang Seng Xiang finishing touch the dragon: that is, the meaning of the finishing touch. The original description of the Liang Dynasty painter Zhang Seng Miao painted wonderfully. Later, when writing articles or speeches, use a few sentences to point out the gist at key points to make the content more expressive and vivid. From Tang · Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties· Zhang Seng Xuan".

45. Self-difficulty and self-law: self-difficulty and self-law should be self-difficulty. That is, the author deliberately writes about the plot development of the novel in difficult places. Xiaohong and Shen'er secretly talked about how to return to Xie Jia Yun because of the handkerchief in the Dicui Pavilion, and it happened that Baochai heard it outside, but the person in the pavilion (Hongyu) suddenly said, "Look at someone coming and quietly hearing it outside" for fear of hearing it, but someone else will hear it. Therefore, the author of the fat criticism article cloud "is accustomed to writing like this". It is precisely because of this self-embarrassment that this dangerous pen was used to lead to Baochai's "golden cicada shelling" plan, which made the characters and plots of the later text richer. Without this difficult way to write, although Baochai overheard the secret words in the pavilion, the plot was stopped.

46. From near to distant method: one of the techniques of novel structure. When describing the actions of characters, or narrating the development of events, or depicting environmental scenes, there is a movement of the pen from near to far, so that the influence of the thing or character gradually expands or extends, so that the reader has a feeling of going from shallow to deep.

47. Rework and light erase method: "Rework" is important from creation, which refers to the content that needs to be described; "Wipe lightly" refers to rubbing or smearing, that is, to describe with a slight brush and ink. In short, it means that the important content described above can be kept in only one or two sentences, and "there is no sense of far-fetchedness" (fat criticism). This artistic technique makes the content that the author wants to focus on more prominent.

48. False knocking and real response method: one of the structural techniques of novels. Describe the general outline of someone or something first, and the following moral description echoes it. Baoyu knew that Daiyu was angry, "I think it was yesterday's noon, and I know that this public case in the evening is still bowing", but Daiyu was really angry and sad because of last night's incident.

49. Intercolor method: originally refers to a technique of Chinese painting. In addition to the basic colors, there are many intermediate transitional colors that are close to the colors of Chinese painting. When painting, the basic color is used as the base color, and then a transitional color is used on it, and this painting method is called the intercolor method. In "Dream of Red Mansions", the intercolor method is the name of a writing technique of the author, which is used to write one thing, in fact, to tell the reader another thing, which is exactly what is in the fat criticism: Ming Xiu practiced the Tao, and secretly crossed Chen Cang. Basically, this is a transformation from the painter's brushwork: painting a variegated color in the work is precisely to emphasize the positive color. In addition to writing the method of Xiangyun Golden Qilin in this chapter, the description of Jia Yun and Xiaohong's affair in the twenty-sixth chapter is also this method.

50. The painter's three dyeing method: one of the novel description techniques. Three dyeing: dyeing many times, a technique for Chinese painting to express the layers of brush and ink. From different angles, from far to near, from virtual to real, from hidden to visible, from light to thick, multi-layered descriptions of people, events, and scenes. For example, the piece of jade when Jia Baoyu was born was described many times in the book before it officially appeared in the eighth chapter.

51. Twin peaks confrontation: that is, the confrontation between two mountains. It means confrontation, confrontation, and also refers to the two mountains standing against each other. From Li Daoyuan's "Water Scripture Note · Zishui": "The county left and right two gangs confronted each other. "The most obvious pair in "Dream of Red Mansions" is the confrontation between Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai, and the Mushi Qianmeng and Jin Yuliang Marriage they each represent also belong to the confrontation between the twin peaks. Even the representative of Tu Ying's "shadow theory" in the Qing ·: Qing is the shadow of Daiying, and the attack is the deputy of the hairpin.

52. Special Criminals Do Not Commit Crimes: One of the writing techniques of mainland classical literature, often used by novel critics. "Guilty" means similar or similar, and "special" is deliberately set. "Do not commit" refers to different details and different character temperaments. Mr. Tu Yuanji has a clear definition of this technique in the article "On "Special Criminals Do Not Commit Crimes", that is, "in the creation of novels, in order to create characters with unique characteristics and describe events with unique colors, one or several characters of the same type are portrayed, and one or several events with similar stories are described, and through comparison, characters with distinctive personalities are portrayed and the uniqueness of the events is described." This technique is also mentioned many times in the criticism of "Dream of Red Mansions", and it is clearly pointed out as many as five times in the first 80 episodes.

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