1. The origin and evolution of the place name of Qingjiangpu
The Qingjiangpu Canal has a long and splendid culture, and is an indispensable part of the excellent history and culture of the Chinese nation. If we want to understand, study and explore the canal culture of Qingjiangpu, of course, we should start with the "name" of Qingjiangpu. Since ancient times, most human beings have lived by mountains and rivers, and the rivers, lakes and seas are the preferred gathering places for human beings. The history of human development shows that the emergence of many place names is based on water names. For example: Huaiyin, Luoyang, Linyi, Jingjiang, Haikou, Pudong, etc. Therefore, for Qingjiangpu, which is established by water, we should start with the name of the water in Qingjiangpu. Qingjiangpu has been in ancient times, it is the confluence of the waterfront, Huaisi and its tributaries, with the historical changes, Qingjiangpu has become a natural place name and later the name of the administrative division.
The prehistory of Qingjiangpu is very long, and the prehistory of Qingjiangpu should start from a branch of Dongyi - the Huaiyi people. The Huaiyi people are not limited to the scope of today's Qingjiangpu, and are far beyond the scope of today's Huai'an area, and the land of Qingjiangpu is just a relatively concentrated area of the Huaiyi tribe in the lower reaches of the Huai River (the Huanggang ruins excavated in the Qingjiangpu District six or seven thousand years ago are important evidence). The Qin State swept away the Six Kingdoms, and the place name of Qingjiangpu appeared for the first time: Huaiyin. This is not only a natural place name born from Huaishui, but also a county-level administrative place name under the county system of the Qin Dynasty. After Chinese history entered the Qin and Han dynasties, the history of Qingjiangpu (which is also the history of today's Huai'an City) began to enter the Huaiyin era, which was famous all over the world. It can be said that the first place name of Qingjiangpu is Huaiyin; Huaiyin is the earliest place name of Qingjiangpu.
Huaiyin, the meaning of the south bank of Huaishui. The Huaiyin County (now Matou Town, Huaiyin District) set up by Qin is roughly consistent with the Qingjiangpu area south of today's abandoned Yellow River (i.e., the ancient Huai River), and today's Qingjiangpu area is the main body of the ancient Huaiyin County. It can be said that Qingjiangpu District is the authentic descendant of Huaiyin County in the Qin and Han dynasties.
In the Ming Dynasty, due to the imperial court in the Qingjiangpu land to build the Qingjiang shipyard, and later Chen Xuan opened the Qingjiangpu River, set the locks, built Chang Yingcang and other reasons, the original "idle place" on both sides of the old road of the Shahe River, gradually by people called "Qingjiang" or "Qingjiangpu". In the Ming Dynasty's "Apocalypse Huai'an Mansion Chronicles", its entry cloud: "Qingjiangpu, the canal flows out of the Qingkou on the Yellow River, the water and land holes, the commercial goods are clustered, and the people on the bank live for more than 20 miles." In the south of the river, there is the department of managing the warehouse and the household, supervising the construction of the shipbuilding department, and the yamen of the Hebei main book are stationed, and the earth is really heavy. This passage not only illustrates the status of Qingjiangpu, but also shows that it has a large number of local government institutions, developed commerce, and a large number of residents, and is already an important cardinal town recognized by the government.
After the opening of Qingjiangpu in the Ming Dynasty, until September of the 25th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1760), Chen Hongmou, the governor of Jiangsu, asked to move Qinghe County to Qingjiang. In the second year of Pu (1761), the imperial court approved Chen Hongmou's request to move Qinghe County to Qingjiangpu. Since then, Qingjiangpu has been transferred to the jurisdiction of Qinghe County and has become a county seat with an important strategic position in the country.
The old county seat of Qingjiangpu
2. Huaiyin - the glorious history of Qingjiangpu
Since the opening of the port in the Yongle period, in the Qing Dynasty, Qingjiangpu is still a prosperous city. During the Qianlong period, Qingjiangpu entered its heyday, and Huai'an, with Qingjiangpu as the core, was called "the four major cities along the canal" along with Yangzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi (1677), the governor of the river moved from Jining, Shandong to Qingjiangpu, Jiangsu. Huaiyang cuisine, one of the four major cuisines in China, is the general name of Huaiyin (Huai'an) and Yangzhou. Huai'an and Yangzhou are the two birthplaces of Huaiyang cuisine, Qingjiangpu, as the core of Huai'an region and the core of Jiangbei region, is the main origin of Huaiyang cuisine - Huai'an cuisine. Yang Du, a gourmet, a gourmand at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, said in his article "Trivial Notes on the Diet of the Dumen": "There are many kinds of Huaiyang cuisine, because the area represented is also wide, from Qingjiangpu in the north to Yangzhen in the south, and Huaiyang has a rich diet and clean dishes because of the relationship between river work and salt. Qingjiangpu, as an important canal transportation hub in the country in the Qing Dynasty, was stationed by high-ranking officials and merchants, and became the political center of the Jianghuai area. Major government agencies have been stationed in Qingjiangpu, bringing huge social consumption demand. Part of the money that the governor of the river received from the imperial court was used to control the river, and most of it was used for corruption, bribery, and lavish eating and drinking. The governor of the river held a feast in the yamen, ate and drank, and made friends with celebrities. Therefore, the governor of Caoyun who migrated from Shanyang County was not far behind, and the governor of the river invited me to invite, you came and went, fighting for the method, "the grease flows in the street, and the treasure is gathered in Hu Yue", and the cooks in the Huai'an area blended the north and south, Manchu and Han, Chinese and foreign to create the Hecao governor's official office dish with the characteristics of Huai cuisine. For example, the soft long fish known as the first dish in Huaiyang. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Gao Bin, the governor of the river, made a banquet with eels in the Yamen of the Heshuai Mansion (now Qingyan Garden, Jiangpu District, Qingjiang), and he couldn't think of the name of the dish. At this time, the Yellow River suddenly flooded, the envoy of the Qianlong Emperor came to blame Gao Bin, and the chef listened to the oracle that he could not eat and walked around for a while, so he named it after the soft pocket, and the soft pocket long fish was actually Gao Bin's private dish. From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Qingjiangpu has been the location of the country's giant granary. Qingjiangpu is known as the "granary of the world" because it was an important storage and transit place for grain in the canal during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Qingjiangpu has two giant granaries: Changying Warehouse and Fengji Warehouse. It stores more than half of the grain of the Qing Dynasty and holds the lifeblood of the dynasty. In order to ensure the smooth flow of transportation, the imperial court stipulated that only the vehicles and ships of officials above the fourth grade and the cargo ships could pass through the rivers above Qingjiangpu. Therefore, when the southern guests arrive in Qingjiangpu, they will change to cars and horses, and stop here to consume, bringing a highly prosperous market economy. At that time, Qingjiangpu Gate, Imperial Wharf, Flower Street, and Ciyun Temple were extremely prosperous places. In the 40th year of Qianlong, the population of Qingjiangpu exceeded 540,000, surpassing Hankou and Nanjing at that time, and its prosperity was much greater than that of Yangzhou at that time.
The Huai'an region, where Qingjiangpu is located, is located on the south bank of the ancient Huai River, on the dividing line between north and south of China (Qinling-Huaihe line). Because of its pivotal role in canal traffic in the Qing Dynasty, it was known as "the southern ship and the northern horse, the thoroughfare of nine provinces".
Huai'an Royal Wharf South Ship North Horse Stone Monument
If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools. In Qingjiangpu, the center of river transportation, ships were the most important tool in the era of inland waterways. After Chen Xuan opened the port, he was ordered to expand the Qingjiang Cao Shipyard, called the "Qingjiang Shipyard", and built more than 560 Cao ships every year, and more than 670 ships at most. Most of the ships of the Three Treasure Eunuch Zheng He's voyages to the West were built by the Qingjiangpu Shipyard. With the Qingjiang and Puhe axes of the two Huai cities, the choke transport, salt transport, river engineering, Yuguan and post post machine have entered the heyday. Due to the smooth transportation and the prosperity of water and land, Huai'an has welcomed the opportunity of urban prosperity, and Qingjiangpu has quickly become an important city and transportation hub north of the Yangtze River. "The night fire is even the water, and the spring breeze is full of passenger sails"; "The light shadow is half near the water, and the sound of the kite is mostly in the boat" became a true portrayal of the prosperous scene at that time. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the entire Huai'an region was closely surrounded by Qingjiangpu as the core city. The prosperity of Qingjiangpu in the Ming Dynasty is remarkable, and each session of Caoyun "sails are like forests, and department stores are accumulated". The boats cover the water, and there is an endless stream, and the sailors and residents of the south of the Yangtze River go north by boat frequently. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River seized the Huai, the surrounding river was blocked, and the pressure of canal traffic became greater. After arriving at Qingjiangpu and Wangjiaying in the north, tourists from the south abandoned their boats one after another, changed into carriages and horses and set foot on Tongjing Avenue.
3. Administrative Center
In the sixteenth year of Kangxi (1677), the imperial court set up a river governor to be stationed in Qingjiangpu. The River Governor's Office was the highest water control agency in the country in the Qing Dynasty, and it was a special decision-making, command and management body for river control set up by the state outside the capital, with jurisdiction over the Huang, Huai and Canal. Beginning in 1678, the Qing Dynasty had 72 governors of the river in Qingjiangpu, a total of 58, which lasted for 183 years; In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the Caoyun Governor's Office was moved from Shanyang County to Qingjiangpu, and Shanyang County has completely declined since then. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court divided the area north of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province to build a new Jianghuai Province, and the provincial capital was located in Qingjiangpu. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government of the Republic of China abolished the prefecture and county, and established a three-level management system of provinces, provinces and counties. The country is divided into 22 provinces. Huaiyang Road belongs to Jiangsu Province, and its jurisdiction is about Yangzhou City (except Yizheng), Yancheng City, Taizhou City and Huai'an City (except Xuyi County), the whole territory of more than half of Jiangsu Province, and the county seat of Huaiyin (now Qingjiangpu District). In the twenty-first year of the Republic of China (1932), the National Government and the Jiangsu Provincial Government set up the Huaiyin Administrative Inspector's Office in Qingjiangpu. At the end of the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Japanese army invaded Jiangsu, and the Jiangsu Provincial Government moved here from Zhenjiang to the north. In August of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), through the joint efforts of the people of the whole country, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was finally won, and Huaiyin City returned to the embrace of the motherland. In September, the New Fourth Army captured Huaiyin City, took the abbreviation of Qingjiangpu to establish Qingjiang City, and the government of the Suzhou-Anhui Border District was established, stationed in Huaihai South Road, Qingjiang City. In September of the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), the national army reoccupied Qingjiang. In December 1948, the People's Liberation Army merged Huaiyin City for the second time, Huaiyin City and Huai'an City District were merged into two Huai City, and the city government was located in Qingjiangpu. In March 1983, Jiangsu Province abolished the Huaiyin District Commissioner's Office and established Huaiyin City, with the Li Canal as the boundary, Qingjiang City as Qinghe and Qingpu 2 districts, and the municipal government was located in Qinghe District. Since 2001, Huaiyin City has been renamed Huai'an City, and the municipal government has remained unchanged. Since the birth of Qingjiangpu, its status has been steadily rising, from a small town to the residence of the imperial court, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it was the provincial capital, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China almost moved to Qingjiangpu in Huaiyin during the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, becoming the red capital. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was the Huaihe region, the administrative center of Huaiyin City and Huai'an City, which has been the core of the region for hundreds of years and is a model of contemporary hard work. At the same time, Shanyang County, Huai'an Prefecture, changed from a capital city to a county seat, and from a county seat to Huaicheng Town, which was surprisingly declining, perhaps also due to the destiny of heaven.
Ancient Huaiyin is the first city in the Huaihe River Basin, and her name is named because of its geographical location. The Huai River is the symbol of the north-south dividing line of the mainland's geography. The ancient Huaiyin city was eliminated because of the choice of history and geography, and the new Huaiyin city Qingjiangpu inherited the historical heritage, cultural customs, and celebrities of the ancient Huaiyin. The culture of ancient Huaiyin generally includes transportation, river management, local celebrities, customs and dialects. Since the Warring States period to the Southern Song Dynasty, the name of Huaiyin has been continuous, and the name of Qinghe was used in the Republic of China for the next 900 years, and then it was renamed Huaiyin. During the period of Qingjiangpu's birth and Yongle, it became the county seat of Huaiyin County later, and it is the authentic descendant of ancient Huaiyin. It is the governor of the river, the garrison of the governor of Caoyun, the collection of Caoyun command, river management, Huaiyan distribution, grain storage and transportation, tax collection and taxation, and boat manufacturing "six centers" as a whole, is the political, economic, cultural and military town since modern times, as the highest water control institution in the country, Qingjiangpu has carried forward the canal culture of ancient Huaiyin. In modern times, there are many literati, famous writer Chen Baichen, opera master Zhou Xinfang, photojournalist Lang Jingshan, Fan Weizeng, Fan Shaozeng, Fan Xizeng, three brothers, Cheng Xinong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, famous director Xie Tieli, famous writer Sima Zhongyuan in Taiwan, Hu Huizhong, queen of the Golden Horse, Xie Bingyan, famous news scholar and calligrapher, Cheng Cheng, a well-known scholar of the I Ching, Hua Chunying, assistant to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, etc., they were born in the land of Huaiyin together with Han Xin, Mei Cheng, Bu Ying, and Chen Lin. For thousands of years, they have written this magnificent history together on this land.
In the new era, Qingjiangpu seizes the historical opportunity and inherits the soul of the ancient Huaiyin together with Huaiyin District, and takes the transportation hub center as the condition to build a high-quality centralized urban area in the north of the Yangtze River Delta, and together with the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it has become a new driving force for the economic engine of northern Jiangsu, and the great mission of returning to the peak of the era makes us feel excited and strive for a better quality of life.
Ancient charm and modern city complement each other
About the Author
Liu Xingyu, a native of Qingjiangpu, is a bachelor's degree student at Huaiyin Normal University, a member of the Communist Youth League, born in 2000, and a history and culture enthusiast.
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