Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University, a doctoral supervisor, the director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation, and a distinguished professor of Tsinghua University. He is also the guiding professor of the "Chinese Culture Research Scholarship for Foreign Scholars" of the China Scholarship Council, the honorary president (former president) of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Society, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the CCTV "Poetry Conference", the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in Xiaolou", and the distinguished professor of the Wenjin Forum of the National Library. He has been invited to give lectures at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in United States.
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Song · Ye Mengde's poem "Shame Children's Words Please Ying"
After the rain, it is a solitary bed in the mountain pavilion
[Song] Ye Mengde
After the rain, the eaves were slightly clear, and the company camp was raised.
After a few glances at Bo Yue, he was surprised to see the Yin insects ringing around the building.
The raging Nanjiang River floats in the quiet night, and few Beidou hangs in the high city.
The white-headed heart is as promised today, and I am ashamed of the children's words.
Netizen Lu out of Shanglin asked: There are four understandings of the "children" in this poem on the Internet, one is "when I was young", the second is "the end of the army", the third is "those children and teenagers", and the fourth is Ye Mengde's son "Ye Mo". Which one is closer to poetry? Or is there another explanation?
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: I think these four understandings are debatable. The first three cannot be established, and the fourth is not comprehensive enough. Try to say one by one as follows:
(1) The term "child" shall not refer to the Terminaire
The allusion of "please Ying" comes from the "Book of Han" volume 64 under the "Final Army Biography": Nanyue and the Han Dynasty were close to each other, and they sent troops to Nanyue, saying that their kings wanted to order them to enter the dynasty and the princes of Binei. The army invited: I am willing to accept the long tassel, and I will detain the king of Nanyue and lead to his majesty. The army then went to say that the king of Yue, and the king of Yue listened to the permission, please raise the domestic subordinates. The Son of Heaven said that he gave the minister of Nanyue a seal, and used the Chinese law to change his customs with a new one, so that the envoy would stay and caress him. Yue Xiang Lu Jia did not want to be a subordinate, and sent troops to attack and kill his king and the Han envoys, all of whom died. The language is in the "Biography of South Vietnam". When the army died, he was more than 20 years old, so he was called "the last child".
The final army "please Ying" is to ask Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to give him a long rope, if Zhao Xing, the king of Nanyue, refuses to enter the court and submit to the Han Dynasty, he will tie Zhao Xing up and bring him to Emperor Wu.
If the "children" in Ye Mengde's poem refer to the final army, and they are ashamed of themselves as well as the final army, then it should be said that "ashamed children can ask for help" or "ashamed children can ask for help". The word "please" is already a verb, and it is the tone in which the courtiers speak to the emperor, and it doesn't make much sense to use another verb "words". Because of the addition of this word "words", it has become someone else talking about the final army's request, rather than talking about the final army's request.
(2) This "child" should not refer to Ye Mengde's "own youth"
In the first two issues of the "Q&A" text, I have verified that the background of Ye Mengde's writing of this poem is: from June to December of the eighth year of Gaozong Shaoxing (1138) of the Southern Song Dynasty (1138), Ye Mengde served as the ambassador of Jiangnan East Road pacification and control in Jiankang Mansion (that is, the area of present-day Nanjing), and also served as the official secretary of Jiankang Mansion and the Imperial Palace, and participated in the war against the invasion of the Jin people in the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, this poem is closely related to the War of Resistance against Jin.
Ye Mengde was born in the tenth year of the Northern Song Dynasty Shenzong Xining (1077). The Jin people's war of aggression against the Song Dynasty began in the seventh year of Emperor Xuanhe of the Northern Song Dynasty (1125). This year, Ye Mengde was forty-nine years old. How could he "ask" to resist gold when he was "young"? When he was "young", the Jurchens had not yet established the Jin regime; The Northern Song Dynasty and the Jurchens also did not border, and there was a Khitan Liao in the middle.
In addition, the word "ashamed" in the poems of the ancients is usually used to compare oneself with others, not to one's present with one's past. For example:
Three Kingdoms Wei · Yingxuan's "One Hundred and One Poems" said: The Song people met Zhou Ke, and they were ashamed. Press, this uses the pre-Qin fable. "Quezi" said: The Song Kingdom has a fool, and he has a swallow stone and hides it as a treasure. Zhou Ke heard and watched, covered his mouth and smiled: This special swallow stone is also not different from the tile.
Tang ·'s poem "Shuhuai": Failing to leave the official is ashamed of Nanshan medicine picker. Press, "Nanshan medicine picker", called a hermit.
Li Shen's poem "Paid for Lotte and Autumn Eve has a Huai Jian" said: Yin Jun Baixue sings, ashamed of the intestines. Press, "Jun" refers to Bai Juyi, and "Ba Ren" refers to Li Shen.
The anonymous poem "Spotted Bamboo" says: I am ashamed of my son's heart today, and I love this gentleman's name will not be extinguished. Press, Jin · Wang Hui Zizi, love bamboo, said "can not be without this monarch for a day".
Song · Huang Tingjian's poem "Geng Yin Yi Wei Yu Po Da Lei Kou" is clear: Xiongwen rewards the rivers and mountains, but there is no Han and Liu. Five words moaned, ashamed to thank the hand. Press, "Han and Liu", it is called Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. "Tao Xie" is Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun.
Fan Chengda's poem "In the Middle of Shangtang Road in Late Spring" said: The Ming Dynasty covered the sun on Chang'an Road, and was ashamed of the rivers and lakes between fishermen. Press, "river and lake angler", called hermit.
Yang Wanli's poem "Yu Gan Traces Back to Anren" said: I am ashamed that I can do my hands, but if I don't do it, it will be useless. Press, "Lang", called a boatman.
Chen Fuliang's poem "Under the Beach of Bo Diaoyutai" said: I was hated by the Ming Lord, and I was ashamed that Mr. was alone. Press, "sir", it is called the Han hermit Yan Guang.
Liu Kezhuang's poem "Guazhou City" says: I am ashamed that the soldiers are strong, and each of the foil buildings occupies a room to sleep.
(3) The term "children" should not refer to "those children and adolescents"
What exactly are the children and adolescents by "those children"?
This kind of explanation is tantamount to not doing any explanation. Because of the original meaning of "child", everyone understands that the speaker has only broadened its definition a little to include "teenagers" who are older than "children".
This is the least strenuous of explanations, and therefore has neither academic value nor academic significance.
(To be continued)
Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao